General Psychology Study Guide for Final

Which of the following tests sparked controversy in the United States for establishing different test norms for members of different racial and ethnic groups?

The General Aptitude Test Battery

A similarity between acute stress disorder and post traumatic stress disorder is that both:

are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event.

Unlike Type A people, Type B people ________.

are less ambitious and less impatient

Brandon is a psychologist who is studying the relationship between heredity and mood disorders. He strongly believes that behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution. Brandon's beliefs are most consistent with which perspective?

biological

Which of the following are different from clinical psychologists in that their clients typically have adjustment problems, such as trouble making academic or vocational decisions or making friends in college, but not serious psychological disorders?

counseling psychologists

________ refers to the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person.

personality

Humanistic psychologists suggest that people are consciously motivated to reach their maximum potential, each in a unique way; that is, people have a fundamental drive toward

self-actualization

________ is the component of personality that encompasses our positive and negative self-evaluations.

self-esteem

The immune system combats disease by producing white blood cells that engage in search-and-destroy missions in which they "recognize" and eradicate foreign agents and unhealthy cells such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cancerous body cells. (true or false)

true

Type B people are highly driven, competitive, impatient, hostile, and aggressive—so much so that they are prone to getting into auto accidents. (true or false)

true

Which term indicates the ability of a test to measure what it is actually designed to measure?

validity

Some stress is healthful and necessary to keep us alert and occupied. (true or false)

true

The body's response to different stressors shows certain similarities whether the stressor is a bacterial invasion, perceived danger, or a major life change is known as the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). (true or false)

true

One of the main proponents of the social cognitive approach to personality is

Albert bandura

which type of psychologist is interested in studying our voyage through the lifespan, and also seeks to learn the causes of developmental abnormalities

developmental psychologists

Schizophrenia is characterized by ___________.

disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood

Elevated blood pressure is a psychological symptom of anxiety disorders. (true or false)

false

People with antisocial personality disorder show instability in their relationships, self-image, and mood, and a lack of control over impulses. (true or false)

false

People with body dysmorphic disorder have dual personalities. (true or false)

false

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs within a month of a traumatic event and lasts from two days to four weeks, while acute stress disorder can occur six months or more after the event and tends to persist. (true or false)

false

Psychological disorders are predictable responses to specific events. (true or false)

false

Rates of suicide and suicide attempts are similar among various ethnic groups and according to gender. (true or false)

false

According to Freud, which of the following sequences best reflects the order in which personality structures develop during infancy and childhood, starting from first to last?

id, ego, superego

According to Adler, a lack of self-worth, a feeling that one is not as good as others is known as a(n)

inferiority complex

The American Psychological Association (2017) has found that Americans are most likely to do one of the following to cope with stress?

music and exercise

Humor helps people cope with stress by ________.

stimulating the output of endorphins

Behavioral assessment relies most heavily on

the observation of people in their own settings.

Dr. Montgomery, a personality theorist, seeks to identify the basic attributes necessary to describe personality and consistencies in individuals' behavior. Dr. Montgomery is a(n) ________ theorist.

trait

If you have an internal locus of control, it means you feel you have control over the direction of your life. (true or false)

true

Many people suffer from fears, but not all of them should be diagnosed with a phobia. (true or false)

true

Psychological disorders are behaviors or mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or significant impairment in functioning. (true or false)

true