Genetics Final (test 3)
Which of the following is the site for the start of transcription? -Promoter -Terminator -Regulation sequences -Transcription factors -All may start transcription
Promoter
The malaria parasite is a eukaryote: True or False
True
Which of the following will alter the frequency of alleles in the population the least? -Mutation -Natural selection -Genetic drift -Migration -All are equal
mutation
Based on rRNA analysis, all of life on earth can be grouped into how many major branches? -1 -3 -5 -6
3
DNA polymerases are unable to bind to what areas of the chromose? -Centromeres -3' end of telomeres -Origins of replication
3' end of telomeres
Which of the following provides for a higher level of stability in the mRNA? -Alternative splicing -RNA editing -5' capping -3' polyA tailing -Trimming
3' polyA tailing
The proofreading of the DNA occurs in the -5' to 3' direction -3' to 5' direction -Both directions
3' to 5' direction
After screening a colony of bacteria for a given gene, you discover 100 mutant colonies out of 3 million total colonies. What is the mutation frequency for this gene in the population? - 1.0E5 - 1.0E-5 - 3.0E5 - 3.3E-5
3.3E-5
Allosteric regulation is accomplished by: -A small molecule that fits into an enzyme's active site -A large protein that blocks an enzyme's active site -A small molecule that fits into a site on the enzyme that is not the active site. -A small molecule that covalently modifies a site on the enzyme that is not the active site.
A small molecule that fits into a site on the enzyme that is not the active site
The most common mechanism of speciation. -Parapatric speciation -Allopatric speciation -Sympatric speciation -All are correct
Allopatric speciation
DNA polymerase III is the main replication enzymes in prokaryotes. What is it in eukaryotes? -DNA pol a -DNA pol d -DNA pol b -DNA pol g
DNA pol a
Fills in small regions of DNA where the RNA primers were located. -DNA ligase -DNA polymerase -Topoisomerase -DNA polymerase I -DNA polymerase III
DNA polymerase I
Responsible for the majority of DNA replication. -DNA ligase -DNA primase -Topoisomerase -DNA polymerase I -DNA polymerase III
DNA polymerase III
Synthesizes the lagging strand of DNA. -DNA ligase -DNA primase -Topoisomerase -DNA polymerase I -DNA polymerase III
DNA polymerase III
Manufactures a 10-12 base segment of RNA. -DNA ligase -DNA primase -Topoisomerase -DNA polymerase I -DNA polymerase III
DNA primase
Enzymes involved in metabolism are most likely regulated via ____ ? -Feedback inhibition -Acetylation -Methylation -none are correct
Feedback inhibition
Migration of a random few individuals from one population to a new area to establish a new population is an example of ____. -Bottleneck effect -Mutation -Founder effect -Selection
Founder effect
Which of the following is not a prezygotic isolating isolating mechanism? -Temporal isolation -Habitat isolation -Mechanical isolation -Hybrid inviability -Sexual isolation
Hybrid inviability
In eukaryotic organisms the processing of the 45S rRNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNA occurs where? -In the cytoplasm -In the nucleolus -In the endoplasmic reticulum -In the golgi body -Throughout the cell
In the nucleolus
Which of the following is incorrect concerning quantitative traits? -Individuals fall into distinct classes for comparison -The phenotypic variation for the trait is continuous -The frequency distribution follows a bell-shaped curve -All of the answers are correct
Individuals fall into distinct classes for comparison
The biological species concept was introduced by what individual? -Dobzhansky -Darwin -Mayr -Paterson -Wallace
Mayr
Which of the following is not part of the basal transcription apparatus? -DA -TFIID -RNA polymerase II -Mediator -TFIIB
Mediator
Molecular clocks are based on ___ mutations -Advantageous -Lethal -Deleterious -Neutral -All are correct
Neutral
Where are the ribosomal subunits assembled? -Nucleus -Nucleoid -Nucleolus -Nuclear Envelope
Nucleolus
Which of the following terms represents homologous genes that are found in different species? -Paralogs -Orthologs -Gene families -None are correct
Orthologs
What site on the ribosome is primarily responsible for holding the growing polypeptide? -A -E -P
P
Hybrid zones are a characteristic of the model. -Parapatric speciation -Allopatric speciation -Sympatric speciation -All are correct
Parapatric speciation
Differences in sexual attraction between males and females based on bahvior, physiology, or morphology is an example of a ___ isolation mechanism. -Prezygotic -Postzygotic
Prezygotic
A gene is inducible and under negative control. Which of the following pairs will allow expression of this gene? -Activator + repressor -Activator + inhibitor -Repressor + inducer -Repressor + co-repressor
Repressor + inducer
Genetic drift has a greater influence on ____ populations. -Small -Large -Effects both equally
Small
The square root of the variance is called the ___. -Mean -Standard deviation -Standard error -Covariance -None are correct
Standard deviation
In eukaryotic systems, which of the following typically stops the process of translation? -Rho proteins -Aminoacyl tRNA synthase -rRNA -Stop codons -Introns
Stop codons
The formation of polyploids in plants is an example of this model. -Parapatric speciation -Allopatric speciation -Sympatric speciation -All of the above
Sympatric speciation
A mutation in which of the following would result in a failure of the RNA polymerase to maintain an open complex? -TFIIB -TFIID -TFIIE -TFIIH -TFIIF
TFIIE
A heritability value of 0.997 indicates which of the following? -The majority of the phenotypic variation has a genetic basis -The majority of the phenotypic variation has an environmental basis -The trait is polygenic -There is a significant difference between the two strains -None are correct
The majority of the phenotypic variation has a genetic basis.
The peptidyltransferase complex is a componet of which of the following? -DNA -tRNA -The ribosome -The functional protein -mRNA
The ribosome
Which of the following is nottrue regarding the experiments of Beadle and Tatum? -They used neurospora as a model organism -They isolated strains that could not grow on minimal media -They established the link between a gene and an enzyme or protein -They were able to create loss-of-function mutations in any enzyme they chose.
They were able to create loss-of-function mutations in any enzyme they chose
If CAP could not bind to its site, that what would bye the result? Assume lactose is present in each scenario. -Transcription would be difficult to repress in the presence of glucose -Transcription would be difficult to activate in the presence of glucose -Transcription would be difficult to activate in the absence of glucose -Transcription would be difficult to repress in the presence of glucose
Transcription would be difficult to activate in the absence of glucose.
Which of the following is not a stop codon? -UGA -UUA -UAG -UAA
UUA
Which of the following is not an example of a spontaneous mutation? -DNA replication errors -Tautomeric shifts -Aberrant recombination -UV light -Transposable elements
UV light
In the nucleotide excision repair system, which of the following proteins is responsible for recognizing a thymine dimer to be repaired? -UvrAB -UvrC -UvrD -None are correct
UvrAB
The concept of adaptive peaks to symbolically represent selection of genotypes was first introduced by ___. -Dobzhanksy -Darwin -Mayr -Wright -Wallace
Wright
A temporary change in the structure of a nitrogenous base is called ____ -Depurination -A tautomeric shift -Deamination -None are correct
a tautomeric shift
Which of the following integrate into the double-helix of DNA, inhibiting DNA replication? -EMS -Nitrous acid -5BU -2-amino purine -Acridine dyes
acridine dyes
Which of the following encode polycistronic mRNA? -Lac operon -Ara operon -Trp operon -All are correct
all are correct
A tRNA that has an amino acid attached is called ____. -rRNA -Degenerate tRNA -Coding tRNA -Charged tRNA
charged tRNA
Inducible operons usually encode anabolic enzymes: true or false
false
cDNA contains introns. true or false
false
Inbreeding reduces which of the following variances to near zero? -Genetic variance -Environmental variance -Both -Neither
genetic variance
If a bacteria is placed in an environment that contains both glucose and lactose, the regulation of the lac operon will allow which nutrient to be processed first? -Glucose -Lactose -Both will be processed equally -Neither will be processed
glucose
A temperate pgae would be associated with which of the following viral life cycles? -Lytic -Lysogenic -Both -Neither
lysogenic
You extract DNA from an E.coli cell and observe it is hemi-methylated. Which strand of DNA is older? -Methylated Strand -Strand that is not methylated -Neither, they are the same age
methylated strand
The changing composition of a gene pool with regard to a particular allele over a measurable period of time is called _____. -Microevolution -Macroevolution -Molecular evolution -None are correct
microevolution
Which of the following types of selection favors the survival of individuals with the intermediate phenotype? -Disruptive selection -Stabilizing selection -Directional selection -non are correct
stabilizing selection
The process of replica plating is designed to test of advatageous mutations result in response to the selective agent or were naturally present in the population before selection. true or false
true
The trp operon is an anabolic operon: true or false
true
There is no evolution in Hardy Weinberg equilibrim: true or false
true
What region in eukaryotic genes contains the majority of regulatory elements? - 0 to 50 - -50 to 0 - -50 to -100 - -100 to -150
-50 to -100
A population is found that has the incidence of color blindness in females as .0001, what is the incidence in males? -.0001 -.1 -.033 -.01
.01
Given that the frequency of children homozygous for the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis is about .0016. What is the frequency of heterzygotes in the population? -.077 -.040 -.96 -none of these
.077
Given that 100 individuals of the most fit genotype produce 1000 offspring, then the relative fitness of a genotype for which 100 individuals produce 150 offspring is: -1.00 -.85 -.15 -.30
.15
In a sample from a population there were 65 individuals with the "BB" genotype, 30 individuals with the "Bb" genotype, and 15 individuals with the "bb" genotype. The frequency of the "b" allele was: -.41 -.27 -.59 -.73
.27
Consider a locus with alleles "A" and "a" at which "A" mutates to "a" at the rate of 6E-5 and "a" mutates to "A" at the rate of 7E-6. What is the equilibrium value of q? .896 .883 .104 .117
.896
Bacterial DNA has how many origins of replication? -0 -1 -10 -Depends on size of the DNA
1
How many promoters are in an operon? -1 -2 -3 -Depends on how many genes there are in the operon
1
The smaller the population, the more effective is genetic drift: true or false
true
How many DNA polymerases are found in prokaryotes? -5 -7 -9 -12
5
How many basal transcription factors are there? -3 -4 -5 -6
5
Which of the following processes is important for the initiation of translation? -Alternative splicing -RNA editing -5' capping -3' polyA tailing -Trimming
5' capping
DNA helicase enzymes move in what direction along the DNA during DNA replication? -5' to 3' -3' to 5' -they remain stationary
5' to 3'
DNA polymerases add new nucleotides in what direction? -5' to 3' -3' to 5' -Both directions
5' to 3'
eIF5 recruits what during the initiation stage? -40S subunit -50S subunit -60S subunit -70S subunit
60S subunit
In eukaryotes, which of the following is similiar to the oriC region of prokaryotes? -Dma -ARS elements -Promoters -Telomeres
ARS elements
Quantitative traits usually have which of the following characteristics? -Environmental influence -Polygenic basis -Continuous distribution -All are correct
All are correct
How does the positron effect influence gene expression? -the movement of the genetic material on the chromose by inversions or translocations may place a coding sequence near a new regulatory region, thus activating the expression of the gene. -The movement of the gene may place it into a region that is highly condensed (heterochromatin). -The movement of a gene may remove it from its normal promoter, thus silencing the gene. -All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following are examples of supressor mutations? -An intragenic mutation that restores protein structure -An intergenic mutation that increases the activity of a protein performing the same function as the mutated protein -An intergenic mutation that activates a transcription factor that dramatically upregulates expression of the mutant protein -All are correct
An intergenic mutation that activates a transcription factor...
The prevalence of the allele for sickle cell anemia in some populations is an example of: -Heterogeneous environments -Balancing Selection -Inverted Selection -Non-Darwinian Selection -Nonrandom mating
Balancing Selection
Antisense RNA does which of the following? -Inhibits the formation of the open complex in transcription -Occupies the A and P sites of the ribosome -Binds to the mRNA and prevents translation -Prevents the correct folding of a newly formed peptide
Binds to the mRNA and prevents translation
Alternative splicing allows an organism to _______. -Carry fewer genes -Carry more genes -Produce fewer gene products -More than one of the answers
Carry fewer genes
Mutations that change the configuration of a protein at a specific temperature are called ___ mutations. -Neutral -Beneficial -Deleterious -Conditional - None are correct
Conditional
The first generation of replication in the Meselson and Stahl experiment disproved which theory of replication? -Semiconservative -Conservative -Dispersive -None- it took more than one generation to disprove this theory
Conservative
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of DNA replication in which both parental strands remain together following replication? -Dispersive -Semi-conservative -Conservative -All of the above
Conservative
Attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments, forming a continuous DNA strand. -DNA ligase -DNA primase -Topoisomerase -DNA polymerase I -DNA polymerase III
DNA ligase
You have isolated what appears to be alien DNA. While studying its replication, you performed the exact experiment Meselson and Stahl did. After three generation, the DNA is subjected to a CsCl gradient and only on band appears. What type of replication does this DNA undergo? -Semiconservative -Conservative -Dispersive
Dispersive
Which type of selection would lead to two distinct phenotypes? -Stabilizing selection -Phenotype selection -Fitness selection -Disruptive selection -Directional selection
Disruptive selection
Who was the first to propose that species were the result of isolating mechanisms? -Darwin -Wallace -Dobzhansky -Morgan
Dobzhansky
Darwin's theory of natural selection supported the directed mutation theory: True or False
False
A functional protein would contain the info contained within which of the following regions of DNA? -Exons -Introns -Enhancers -Promoters -All are correct
exons
Identifies daughter strands by methylation -Recombinational repair -Direct repair -Base excision repair -Mismatch repair -Nucleotide excision repair -Nonhomolous end joining (NHEJ)
mismatch pair
Utilizes MutL, MutH, MutS proteins in E. coli. -Recombinational repair -Direct repair -Base excision repair -Mismatch repair -Nucleotide excision repair -Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)
mismatch repair
a-helices and b-sheets are examples of what level of protein structure? -Primary -Secondary -Tertiary -Quanternary
secondary
the closed promoter complex consists of all of the following, except ____. -RNA polymerase -trascription factors -Double helix DNA -Single-stranded DNA
single-stranded DNA
An anticodon is located on which of the following? -DNA -mRNA -rRNA -tRNA -snRNA
tRNA
Which of the following is true according to the adaptor hypothesis? -The anticodon and amino acid have no relationship -A given tRNA can carry any of the twenty amino acids -tRNA binds to mRNA at the ribosome -An amino acid recognizes the codon in mRNA
tRNA binds to mRNA at the ribosome
The degree of relatedness of two members of a pedigree is calculated using ____. -The calculation of average heterozygosity -The Hardy-Weinerg rule -The coefficient of inbreeding -The chi-square test -None of the above
the coefficient of inbreeding
The primary structure of a protein is directly associated with ____. -Regular repeating shapes, such as beta-sheets -The 3D shape of the protein -The linear sequence of the amino acids -The interaction of two or more peptide chains
the linear sequence of the amino acids
Following transcription, the RNA has a complementary sequence of which of the following? -Regulatory sequences -Termination sequences -The coding strand of DNA -The template strand of DNA -None are correct
the template strand of DNA
prevents supercoiling ahead of the replication fork -DNA ligase -DNA primase -topoisomerase -DNA polymerase I -DNA polymerase III
topoisomerase
In prokaryotes, a holozyme is formed when which of the following is added to the core enzyme? -Start codons -b -b' -σ (sigma) -a
σ (sigma)
