Genetics Quiz 3 - CH 23

A multiple sequence alignment is shown for a kinase that is highly conserved among species. What amino acid do you predict is essential for function of the kinase? Dots are indicative of gaps where the sequences do not line up.Species 1 SGPEDPAFTWRAAVTTNQGWEDTTNVAYSpecies 2 SGLEDPAFTWR.............NQGWEDTTNVAQSpecies 3 AAPEDPAFTWRAAVTTLLGWEDTTNVAYSpecies 4 ...........DPLSCWRAAVTTN.............TTNVAYSpecies 5 SGPEDEAFTCCAAVTTNQGWEDSSNVCYSpecies 6 SGPEDPAFTWRAAVTTNQGWEDTT........... A)D in position 5 B)S in position 1 C)W in position 10 D)T in position 23 E)V in position 26

A)D in position 5

What technique can be used to identify a protein's function? A)Functional protein microarray B)Antibody microarray C)DNA microarray D)RNA microarray

A)Functional protein microarray

_________ involves an examination of how the proteins encoded by genes interact to produce cell and tissue types. A)Proteomics B)Functional genomics C)Structural genomics D)Genomics

A)Proteomics

What can gene chips be used for? A)To examine patterns of protein expression under various environmental conditions B)To establish levels of genetic variation C)To determine the mass of a gene D)To identify the amount of a specific transcription factor in a cell

B)To establish levels of genetic variation

What technique is used to separate cellular proteins for analysis? A) PCR B) Antibody microarrays C) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis D) Functional protein microarrays

C) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

_________ make it possible for researchers to study how an entire genome responds to an environmental stimulus. A)Bioinformatics B)PCR reactions C)DNA microarrays D)The BLAST program

C)DNA microarrays

_______ can be used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein or peptide. A)X-ray crystallography B)Nuclear magnetic resonance C)Mass spectrometry D)The ChIP assay

C)Mass spectrometry

DNA microarrays may be paired with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to __________. A)assay the use of substrates by different enzymes B)determine mRNA folding patterns C)identify DNA sequences bound by specific proteins D)identifyprotein-protein interactions

C)identify DNA sequences bound by specific proteins

What would be the most reasonable technique to use to determine if a drug is capable of inhibiting the binding of a transcription factor? A)ChIP assay B)Mass spectrometry of proteins in the cell C)2-D gel electrophoresis D)Antibody microarray

A)ChIP assay

A population of cells is treated with a polypeptide hormone that induces mitosis and the hormone's cell surface receptor is isolated after 15 minutes and subjected to fragmentation and mass spectrometry. Several of the peaks show a slight shift as compared to the same protein from cells not treated with the hormone. What is the most likely explanation of this phenomenon? A)Phosphorylation of some amino acid residues B)mRNA editing resulting in a slightly different amino acid sequence C)Alternative exon usage D)Proteolytic processing

A)Phosphorylation of some amino acid residues

What type of computer based search methodology would most likely be used to identify a potential promoter for a gene in a nucleotide sequence? A)Search-by-signal B)Search-by-content C)Search-by-identity D)Search-by-recognition

A)Search-by-signal

What does detection of a fluorescent signal from one of the spots of a DNA microarray indicate? A)The probe hybridized to the sequences present in that spot B)The probe did not hybridize to that particular gene C)The experiment was not conducted correctly D)That the probe was non-specifically trapped by the material present in the spot

A)The probe hybridized to the sequences present in that spot

A database is defined as __________. A)a large collection of files stored in one place B)a small collection of files that are stored in different places C)files that are only used by the BLAST program D)a large collection of files that are not annotated

A)a large collection of files stored in one place

Gene knockouts in mice can be useful because __________. A)they can be used to develop models of human disease B)they identify DNA binding proteins C)they limit mRNA production both from the knockout as well as the normal allele in diploids D)only genes that are actively transcribed in the embryo are susceptible to being knocked out

A)they can be used to develop models of human disease

Amino acids froma hypothetical proteasefromHomo sapiensare compared to the same protease in other species using the BLAST program.The following results are obtained. The sequence from whichspecies has the highest E value?H. sapiens SSTNQLLKHRRAALSTMVIITNQKRSAA P. catodon SSTNQLLKHRSAALSTMVIITNQKRSAA M. mulatta SSTNQIIKHRRAALSTMVLLTNQKRSAK F. cattus ASTNQLLKHRSAALSTMVIITNQKRSAK C. cristata SSTNQLLKHRRAALSTMVIITNQKRSAA A)P. catodon B)M. mulatta C)F. cattus D)C. cristata

B)M. mulatta

The term that best describes how the components of a genome interact to produce an organism's traits is __________. A)proteomics B)functional genomics C)structural genomics D)genomics

B)functional genomics

In a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment, proteins are generally separated vertically by __________. A)net charge B)molecular mass C)abundance D)isoelectric point

B)molecular mass

The genes of a gene family that consist of two or more homologous genes are called __________. A)orthologs B)paralogs C)polylogs D)homologs

B)paralogs

The purpose of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment is that it allows proteins to separated __________. A)by charge only B)primarily by molecular mass C)by size only D)by net charge

B)primarily by molecular mass

Why is the proteome larger than the genome? A) Different cell types contain different subsets of genes, making the proteome larger than the genome. B) Not all genes are expressed in all cells at the same time, making the proteome larger than the genome. C) Alternative splicing can lead to the production of several or many different polypeptides from the same pre-mRNA, increasing the number of proteins in the proteome. D) The total amount of protein in a cell as measured by mass is always greater than the total amount of DNA.

C) Alternative splicing can lead to theproduction of several or many different polypeptides from the same pre-mRNA, increasing the number of proteins in the proteome.

The program BLAST would bebest used for what purpose? A) Determining what restriction sites are present in a fragment of DNA B) Identifying a promoter sequence C) Identifying splice donor and acceptor sites D) Identify related sequences to a given DNA sequence in a database

D) Identify related sequences to a given DNA sequence in a database

What type of molecule is used in a protein microarray to measure protein expression? A)cDNA B)mRNA C)Single-stranded DNA D)Antibodies

D)Antibodies

What field of study of genetics applies statistics and mathematical tools to genetic sequences in order to better understand the genetic information? A)Structural genomics B)Functional genomics C)Proteomics D)Bioinformatics

D)Bioinformatics

Which technique can be used to identify a protein of interest after a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment? A)DNA microarray B)Treatment with reverse transcriptase to isolate the DNA of interest C)BLAST analysis D)Mass spectrometry

D)Mass spectrometry

What is the term for two genes from two different species that are similar in sequence and serve the same function in each species? A)Related genes B)Paralogs C)Gene family D)Orthologs

D)Orthologs

In a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment, proteins are separated horizontally by __________. A)amino acid sequence B)molecular mass C)abundance D)isoelectric point

D)isoelectric point

A pattern recognition algorithm examines a string of nucleotides for sections that match a specific sequence parameter. True False

false

In two dimensional gel electrophoresis, proteins are first treated with SDS, separated according to molecular mass, and then separated by their net charge at a specific pH. True False

false

cDNA uses chromosomal DNA as its template. true false

false

A functional protein microarray can be used to establish the function or substrates for a given group of proteins. true false

true

Two genes that share a common ancestral gene will probably have significant homology. True False

true