geo 1
43) Relative to the fundamental themes of geography proposed by the Association of American Geographers, latitude and longitude refer to A) human-Earth relationships B) location C) regions D) place E) movement
Answer: B
45) The realization that the Earth was a sphere A) did not occur in Europe until the first voyages of Columbus B) was first made by Pythagoras, 580-500 BC C) had to wait until the modern era (1800s) D) was made by Isaac Newton
Answer: B
71) Relative to the fundamental themes of geography proposed by the Association of American Geographers, communication and diffusion refer to A) regions B) movement C) place D) human-Earth relationships E) location
Answer: B
72) An angular distance measured east or west of a prime meridian from the center of Earth is termed: A) zenith B) longitude C) latitude D) Greenwich distance
Answer: B
52) (place your city here) approximate location is best described as A) south and east of Greenwich, London, England B) north and east of Greenwich, London, England C) (place your latitude and longitude here as presented in lecture) D) 105 degrees north latitude by 41 degrees west longitude
Answer: C
91) The practice of setting time ahead or behind during the year, out of coordination with the Sun, is termed A) Coordinated Universal Time B) Standard Time C) Greenwich Mean Time D) Daylight Saving Time
Answer: D
The larger the scale of a map, the __________ the area covered by the map and the ________ detail it provides. A) smaller; less B) larger; more C) larger; less D) smaller; more
Answer: D
Which of the following is not a class of map projection? A) planar B) conical C) cylindrical D) geometrical
Answer: D
61) Which of the following is the most strongly supported by experimental and observational evidence? A) theory B) speculation C) educated guess D) hypothesis
Answer: A
65) Of the principal map projection classes, which cannot be generated using a physical-perspective approach, i.e., an approach based on the projection of the shadow of a wire-skeleton globe onto a geometric surface? A) oval B) cylindrical C) planar D) conic
Answer: A
55) Relative to the fundamental themes of geography proposed by the Association of American Geographers, resource exploitation and hazard perception refer to A) regions B) place C) location D) human-Earth relationships E) movement
Answer: D
57) The wind-blown soot, hydrocarbons, and sulfur compounds from the oil-well fires that burned in Kuwait during 1991 fall within which of the five themes? A) place B) regions C) location D) human-Earth relationships E) movement
Answer: D
6) The part of geography that embodies map making is known as A) theodesy B) geodesy C) calligraphy D) cartography
Answer: D
64) Standard time zones: A) are only used in the developed countries B) are spaced at 5 degree intervals of longitude in North America C) have yet to be generally established D) are 15 degrees wide because Earth rotates through that distance in one hour
Answer: D
8) An angular distance measured north or south of the equator from the center of Earth is termed: A) zenith B) Greenwich distance C) longitude D) latitude
Answer: D
59) Living systems are considered A) biotic B) abiotic C) inorganic D) part of the lithosphere
Answer: A
77) If increased levels of carbon dioxide lead to further increases in temperature by promoting the release of even more carbon dioxide from the oceans, this means that ______ feedback has occurred and that the planet is __________. A) positive; out of equilibrium B) negative; out of equilibrium C) positive; in equilibrium D) negative; in equilibrium
A
24) The use of aerial photographs to improve the accuracy of surface maps is called A) photogrammetry B) GIS C) the electromagnetic spectrum D) calligraphy
Answer: A
9) What type of feedback maintains stability in a system, i.e., what type of feedback keeps a system functioning properly? A) negative B) positive C) neutral
Answer: A
86) The individual who first determined the circumference of the Earth did so using all but which of the following? A) the shadow of an obelisk B) a water well C) geometry D) camels E) all of these were used
Answer: E
94) Global Positioning System (GPS) units A) show your location accurate to 100 m B) are used in Precision Agriculture C) recently found the correct height of Mount Everest to be 8850 m (29,035 feet) D) are used by surveyors and the military E) are used for all of these.
Answer: E
47) The oblateness of the Earth occurs at the A) prime meridian B) poles C) subtropics D) equator
B
75) A value for Earth's circumference was first calculated by A) Pythagoras B) a librarian at Alexandria named Eratosthenes C) modern satellite measurements D) Columbus *
B
46) Which of the following most accurately characterizes the goal of geography? A) memorization of the names of places on world and regional maps B) the production of maps C) memorization of the imports and exports of a country D) understanding why a place has the characteristics that it does
D
17) Relative to the fundamental themes of geography, your home address is best described within which of the five themes? A) human-Earth relationships B) place C) location D) movement E) regions
Answer: C
21) In plotting true magnetic compass readings (i.e., rhumb lines) between two points, which map projection is generally used? A) Robinson projection B) any conic projection C) Mercator projection D) Goode's homolosine projection
Answer: C
23) Which of the following is easily determined using the position of the Sun or stars? A) altitude B) longitude C) latitude
Answer: C
26) If it is 10:00 AM in Miami, Florida (Eastern Time zone), what time is it in Los Angeles, California located 3 time zones to the west in the Pacific Time zone? A) 2:00 PM B) 1:00 PM C) 7:00 AM D) 8:00 AM
Answer: C
32) The word spatial refers to A) eras of time B) items that relate specifically to society C) the nature and character of physical space D) things that are unique and special
Answer: C
33) Which of the following describes the property of true shape on a map? A) equidistance B) equivalence C) conformality D) proximity
Answer: C
34) Remote sensing is A) based on the principle that surfaces must be physically handled and directly measured for study B) an earthbound technique not used in modern satellites C) the monitoring of a distant object without physical contact D) a subjective determination of temperature
Answer: C
36) A satellite imaging system that beams electromagnetic energy at the surface and then records the energy that is reflected is classified as a/an ________ system. A) passive B) photographic C) active D) holographic
Answer: C
48) Which of the following is an example of an intermediate map scale? A) 1:3,168,000 B) 1:63,360 C) 1:125,000 D) 1 cm = 0.25 km (1 in. = 2000 ft)
Answer: C
58) Which of the following compose the fundamental duality in the field of geography? A) physical versus economic B) political versus environmental C) physical versus human/cultural D) economic versus political
Answer: C
60) Objects appear _______ on large scale maps. A) it is impossible to compare the relative size of the same features on maps of different scales. B) small C) large
Answer: C
63) The letters PM stand for A) previous morning B) possible meridian C) post meridiem D) prior majolica
Answer: C
68) Which of the following best describes the current emphasis in the field of physical geography? A) studying weather B) modeling economic interrelationships among countries C) understanding how Earth's systems interact to produce natural phenomena D) understanding soil development
Answer: C
70) If City A is located west of City B, the time at City A is ______ than that at City B because the earth rotates from _________ when viewed from above the North Pole. A) later; west to east (i.e., counterclockwise) B) later; east to west (i.e., clockwise) C) earlier; west to east(i.e., counterclockwise) D) earlier; east to west (i.e., clockwise)
Answer: C
79) An isoline denoting all points at the same elevation is called A) an isohyet B) an isobar C) a contour line D) an isotherm
Answer: C
85) Which of the following describes the property of equal area on a map? A) proximity B) conformality C) equivalence D) equidistance
Answer: C
10) Which of the following statements about Earth is correct? A) The Earth is the second largest planet in the solar system. B) The Earth is perfectly spherical. C) It is elongated. D) The equatorial diameter is 42 km (26 mi.) greater than the polar diameter.
Answer: D
15) The inductive method of reasoning used by earth scientists to discern patterns in nature involves reasoning from A) the simple to the complex B) the complex to the simple C) the general to the specific D) the specific to the general
Answer: D
22) Which of the following is an example of a system? A) a river drainage basin B) a midlatitude cyclonic storm C) a leaf D) all of these are examples of systems E) none of these are examples of systems
Answer: D
25) A principal methodology governing geographic inquiry A) is field work B) uses chronological organization C) is behavioral analysis D) involves spatial analysis
Answer: D
28) Which of the following is true of scientific theories? A) They are based on natural laws (such as those pertaining to gravity, relativity, atomic theory, etc.). B) They are based on several hypotheses. C) They are broad in scope because they unify several known facts about the world. D) all of the above E) a and b only
Answer: D
30) The scientific method is described by which of the following? A) a relation to procedures developed by Sir Isaac Newton B) the application of common sense C) the development of hypotheses for testing and prediction D) all of these are correct E) none of these is correct
Answer: D
38) Relative to the fundamental themes of geography, the Taj Mahal in India and Ayers Rock in Australia are best described within which of the five themes? A) location B) regions C) movement D) place E) human-Earth relationships
Answer: D
40) On which one of the following projections do great circle routes appear as straight lines? A) any conic projection B) Goode's homolosine projection C) Mercator projection D) a gnomonic projection
Answer: D
49) If it is 10:00 PM on July 3rd at 30 degrees west, what date and time is it at 15 degrees east? A) July 3rd; 6:00 PM B) July 4th; 2:00 AM C) July 3rd; 9:00 PM D) July 4th; 1:00 AM E) July 3rd; 11:00 PM
Answer: D
51) UTC refers to A) Universal Time Conference B) the International Date Line C) a system of local time using phases of the moon D) Coordinated Universal Time
Answer: D
11) Which of the following is the most popular and widely used map prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey? A) a resources map B) portolan chart C) a topographic map D) a Robinson projection
Answer: C
39) Satellite images are based on A) digital data that is stored electronically and then transmitted to Earth by radio waves B) holographic images created using laser-generated interference patterns C) standard photographic film which is recovered after the satellite is returned to the earth D) all of the above
Answer: A
41) A scale given as "one centimeter to one kilometer" is an example of a: A) written scale B) representative fraction C) graphic scale D) all of these are correct
Answer: A
54) Latitude is: A) the angular distance measured north or south of the equator B) the basis for establishing meridians C) the angular distance measured east or west of a prime meridian D) portrayed on a globe as lines that cross the equator at right angles
Answer: A
56) Which type of map scale would be appropriate to use if the map were to be enlarged by Xeroxing? A) graphic B) representative fraction C) written
Answer: A
67) The three inorganic Earth realms are the A) hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere B) thermosphere, lithosphere, heterosphere C) stratosphere, magnetosphere, and troposphere D) atmosphere, geoid, homosphere
Answer: A
69) Any orderly system of parallels and meridians drawn on a flat surface is called a A) map projection B) globe C) cone D) diagram
Answer: A
78) If you were standing at 20 degrees north latitude, you would be within which latitudinal geographic zone? A) tropical B) subtropical C) subarctic D) midlatitude E) equatorial
Answer: A
14) Earth's equator is an example of A) a small circle B) a line of equal longitude C) a great circle D) a prime meridian
Answer: C
12) If an observer determines that the North Star (Polaris) is located 30 degrees above the horizon, then the observer is located at ______________. A) 60 degrees north latitude B) 30 degrees north latitude C) 30 degrees north longitude D) 60 degrees north longitude E) 70 degrees north latitude
Answer: A
13) Areas located above _____ latitude experience 24 hours of daylight for six months of the year and 24 hours of night for six months of the year. A) 66.5 degrees B) 80 degrees C) 23.5 degrees D) 10 degrees
Answer: A
19) Which of the following is true of the length (as measured in kilometers) of a degree of latitude? A) It is constant at all latitudes. B) It is longer near the equator than near the poles. C) It is shorter near the prime meridian than near the international dateline. D) It is shorter near the equator than near the poles.
Answer: A
31) If a system responds to a change in input by moving further away from its equilibrium condition, what type of feedback has occurred? A) positive B) Not enough information is given to indicate what type of feedback has occurred. C) neutral D) negative
Answer: A
84) If a clock on a ship indicates that it is 2:00 PM in its home port, while another clock on the ship indicates that it is 12:00 noon at the ship's present location, what is the difference in longitude between the ship's position and its home port? A) The ship is 30 degrees west of its home port. B) The ship is 2 degrees east of its home port. C) The ship is 30 degrees east of its home port. D) The ship is 45 degrees west of its home port. E) The ship is 2 degrees west of its home port.
Answer: A
98) The science that specifically attempts to determine Earth's shape and size by surveys and mathematical means is called A) geodesy B) geology C) geography D) cartography E) astronomy
Answer: A
The basis for defining the length of a day is the fact that A) Earth rotates on its axis in 24 hours, i.e., it rotates 15 degree of longitude per hour B) Earth does not rotate; rather, it revolves C) Earth moves through 365.25 days a year in its orbit about the Sun D) Earth rotates east to west
Answer: A
16) The most extreme northern and southern parallels to experience perpendicular rays of the sun at local noon are located at A) 66.5 degrees north and south B) 23.5 degrees north and south C) the equator D) 45 degrees north and south
Answer: B
27) Time is now precisely measured with primary standard clocks that are based on A) the pulsed vibrations of quartz crystals B) the vibration of cesium atoms C) very precise pendulum motion D) the pulse rate of pulsar stars
Answer: B
29) The letters AM and PM refer to the time at which A) the sun's rays first disappear below the western horizon at dusk B) the sun is directly overhead at noon C) the sun crosses the equator moving north on the first day of Spring D) the sun's rays first appear above the eastern horizon at dawn
Answer: B
35) Which of the following is incorrect? A) Earth represents a vast integrated system. B) New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time. C) Earth represents a closed system in terms of matter. D) Earth represents an open system in terms of energy.
Answer: B
50) If you were preparing a map showing the distribution of world climates, which type of map projection would you want to use to allow accurate comparison of areas and regions? A) a gnomonic projection B) equal area C) true shape D) a Mercator projection
Answer: B
62) Which of the following is true of the prime meridian just prior to the year 1884? A) Most countries were already using the Greenwich meridian for their land maps. B) The United States used a combination of the Washington meridian for land maps and the Greenwich meridian for marine maps. C) All countries were already using the Greenwich meridian for their marine maps. D) There was no such thing as a prime meridian before 1884.
Answer: B
73) On the Mercator projection, areas at high latitudes appear ________. A) the same size as areas of the same size located nearer to the equator B) larger than areas of the same size located nearer to the equator C) smaller than areas of the same size located nearer to the equator
Answer: B
76) Which of the following is not true of meridians? A) They cross parallels at right angles. B) They are lines which run in an east-west direction. C) They are used to measure east-west angular distances. D) All meridians are the same length.
Answer: B
80) A line connecting all points along the same longitudinal angle is called a A) prime latitudinal angle B) meridian C) parallel D) great circle
Answer: B
82) The earliest known maps date to ______ and were made by ______. A) 700 AD; the Catholic Church B) 2,300 BC; the Babylonians C) 1100 AD; Mongol warriors D) 500 BC; the Greeks E) 45,000 BC; Neanderthals
Answer: B
83) Longitude is A) the basis for establishing parallels B) an angular distance measured east or west of a prime meridian C) determined by Sun altitude above the horizon D) an angular distance measured north or south of the equator
Answer: B
90) Which of the following is an example of an active remote sensing device? A) video camera B) radar C) film D) infrared sensor
Answer: B
92) A great circle is A) a correct magnetic compass direction on a flat map B) a circle of circumference whose center coincides with the center of Earth C) the shortest distance between two places on the surface of the Earth D) any parallel of latitude
Answer: B
93) How far north you live from the equator is measured as your _________, whereas an imaginary line marking all those places at that same distance north of the equator is called a __________. A) meridian; longitude B) latitude; parallel C) longitude; meridian D) location; place E) parallel; latitude
Answer: B
95) Which of the following is a cylindrical map projection? A) Robinson projection B) Mercator projection C) sinusoidal equal-area projection D) Goode's homolosine projection
Answer: B
96) The change in the proportional size of features at high latitudes on a Mercator map occurs because A) a conic projection is used to create the map B) meridians are stretched apart at high latitudes C) shearing is used to create the map D) there are no tangent lines anywhere on the map
Answer: B
97) The Earth's circumference is greatest when measured around the A) subtropics B) equator C) prime meridian D) poles
Answer: B
A non-rechargeable battery can best be described as a/an _______ energy system and a/an ________ material system. A) closed; closed B) open; closed C) closed; open D) open; open
Answer: B
The carbon dioxide that is being added to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels is an example of an ________ variable to the atmosphere and an ________ variable from the lithosphere. A) output; input B) input; output C) output; output D) input; input
Answer: B
The meridian opposite of Earth's prime meridian (0 degrees longitude) is called A) Greenwich Mean Time B) the International Date Line C) the equator D) Coordinated Universal Time
Answer: B
66) Which of the following is a capability of a geographic information system (GIS)? A) data manipulation and analysis B) data storage C) map production with overlays of different information layers D) GIS systems can do all of these. E) data storage, manipulation, and analysis only
Answer: D
7) A map scale of 1:24,000 means that A) one centimeter on the map equals 24,000 centimeters on the ground B) one foot on the map equals 24,000 feet on the earth C) one inch on the map equals 24,000 inches on the ground D) all of the above E) none of the above
Answer: D
74) Which of the following is correctly matched? A) dynamic equilibrium; small fluctuations about an average condition that changes gradually over time B) equilibrium; balance of inputs and outputs C) steady state equilibrium; small fluctuations about an average condition D) all of these are correctly matched
Answer: D
81) If you began a trip at 60 degrees west, 20 degrees north and traveled 120 degrees farther west and 50 degrees south, your new position would be A) the Greenwich meridian at 70 degrees north latitude B) the International Dateline at 70 degrees north latitude C) the Greenwich meridian at 30 degrees south latitude D) the International Dateline at 30 degrees south latitude E) 30 degrees north, 120 degrees west
Answer: D
87) Longitude is conveniently determined at sea using A) sextants and Sun angles B) pendulum clocks - as in olden days C) magnetic compasses D) chronometers
Answer: D
88) Which of the following is true of the biosphere? A) It only occurs in the hydrosphere. B) Life processes generally are not shaped by the abiotic spheres. C) It is unique and therefore segregated from the other spheres. D) Life processes generally are shaped by the abiotic spheres.
Answer: D
89) Geography is described as A) a physical science B) an Earth science C) a human science D) a spatial science
Answer: D
37) Which of the following is true of models? A) They are simplified representations of the world. B) They are idealized representations of the world. C) They are abstract representations of the world. D) They are abstract and idealized, but not simplified representations of the world. E) All of the above are true.
Answer: E
42) Which of the following is an advantage of a geographic information system? A) creation of data overlays showing the spatial relationships between two or more variables B) production of specialized maps suited to the needs of specific users C) rapid production of maps based on continuously updated information D) analysis of spatial information E) all of these are advantages
Answer: E
44) Which of the following terms characterizes the discipline of geography? A) holistic B) eclectic C) unscientific D) a, b, and c E) a and b only
Answer: E
53) The letters AM stand for A) after morning B) after meridian C) after midnight D) ante majolica E) ante meridiem
Answer: E