Geo 10

Read the three informal definitions of the term "science" that follow. All definitions include some information that is relevant to science. Place the definitions in order and rank them from best (1) to worst (3).

1. Science is our attempt to understand our world. It's our knowledge about our existence as well as our search for explanations and new discoveries. 2.Science is about the process of collecting observations and data to better understand the world. 3.Science is about building up our store of knowledge. The more information we have, the more scientific our culture.

Examine the diagram below. The lettered objects represent volcanoes formed on an oceanic plate above a hot spot. The arrow illustrates the direction of plate motion. Which volcano is the youngest?

A

Examine the map above and answer the question that follows. Where would you find the youngest ocean crust?

A

The map below shows the plate configurations along the western margin of North America. Which of the four diagrams on the right best represents a cross section through the outer layers of Earth along the line XY?

A

Which is the best description of a scientific study?

A scientific study involves making hypotheses, collecting data, and performing experiments or testing claims, to reach a conclusion supported by evidence.

Which of the following best matches the word theory?

A well tested idea

The schematic cross sections below illustrate four models of relative plate motions and plate boundary geometry. Which of the cross sections best represents the characteristics of the plate boundary at location 1 on the map below?

B

The schematic cross sections below illustrate four models of relative plate motions and plate boundary geometry. Which of the cross sections best represents the characteristics of the plate boundary at location 4 on the map below?

C

Which of the following data that geologists collected to investigate the movement of rocks on Race Track Playa is quantitative data? (Select all that apply)

Data from weather instruments, GPS measurements of rock movement

Which of the following geologic phenomena would not be examples of uniformitarianism? SELECT TWO

Diamonds come from strange, deep volcanoes that do not erupt any longer, Banded iron formed as oxygen entered the atmosphere

Match the terms below with the correct definition

Fact- Confirmed Hypothesis- An educated Scientific Theory- An integrated

Science provides answers to ethical dilemmas.

False

Why was Wegener's continental drift hypothesis criticized when he proposed it?

He did not have a way to explain how the continents moved.

Using the age and orientation of the eruptions from __________ , you can identify a specific rate and direction of plate movement.

Hot Spots

Which of these statements is a more accurate description about the relative roles of observations and hypotheses in science?

Hypotheses are only as good as the observations on which they are based.

Is ocean crust more or less dense than continental crust?

More Dense

At which of these types of plate boundaries would you expect to find a deep ocean trench? (Select all that apply.)

Ocean-ocean convergent boundary, Ocean-continental convergent boundary

Match the physical layers of the Earth with the correct description.

Outermost physical layer of the Earth. It is broken into segments called plates-Lithosphere, It is mechanically weak, this layer moves and flows due to convection currents created by heat coming from the earth's core- Asthenosphere, More rigid and immobile than the asthenosphere. Located at a depth of approximately 410 and 660 km below the earth's surface.-Mesosphere,The only entirely liquid layer within the Earth. Scientists believe the earth's magnetic field is generated by the circulation of molten iron and nickel within it-Outer Core, Hottest part of the Earth. Solid.-Inner Core

Match the chemical layers of the Earth with the correct descriptions.

The outermost chemical layer and the one we currently reside on. There are two types: ocean and continental.-Crust, The largest chemical layer by volume. Scientists hypothesize most of it is made of the rock peridotite.-mantle, Consists mostly of iron, nickel, and possibly some oxygen-core

Which of the following statements about the Race Track Playa is an interpretation rather than an observation?

The rocks have moved in the past.

Which of the following statements about the Race Track Playa is an observation rather than an interpretation?

The rocks on the playa have a similar composition to those found in the surrounding mountains.

Which of these statements about the Fort Collins area would be considered an observation, not an interpretation? (select all that apply)

There is a river that flows toward the southeast through Fort Collins, The area to the west of Fort Collins has steeper topography than to the east

One of the most important ideas in geology is the Principle of _______________, which states that natural processes that operate today also worked the same way in the past.

Uniformatarianism

Which of the following is the typical rate of tectonic plate motion?

centimeters per year

Which of these were important scientific developments for the formation of plate tectonic theory?

confirmation of repeated reversals of the Earth magnetic field in the geologic past, precise documentation that the world's earthquake and volcanic activity is concentrated along oceanic trenches and submarine mountain ranges, emergence of the seafloor-spreading hypothesis and associated recycling of oceanic crust, demonstration of the ruggedness and youth of the ocean floor

Science denial generally uses which of these rhetorical arguements? (Select all that apply)

demanding equal media coverage for a "balanced" view, attacking the researchers who's findings they disagree with, claiming the science is unsettled

New ocean crust is formed at which type of plate boundary?

divergent

In the context of science, how would you classify the following statement? "The continued use of fossil fuels will raise global temperatures."

prediction

The observation that a rock is made up of 40% quartz is best characterized as a [ Select ] ["quantitative", "qualitative"] and [ Select ] ["objective", "subjective"] observation.

quantitative, objective

When a oceanic plate and a continental plate converge, which plate will subduct?

the oceanic plate

What is the term used for a boundary between two plates where the relative motion is horizontal, with the two plates sliding past one another?

transform

Which of these features would you expect to find at a convergent boundary where subduction is taking place? (Select all that apply.)

volcanic arc, ocean trench, accretionary wedge

What features or processes are common in hot spots? Choose the best answer.

volcanism

Continental collisions are characterized by___________________. (select all that apply)

widespread shallow earthquakes, broad mountainous regions