Geo 101 CH 15

____________ make up a majority of the ocean floor worldwide. A. Abyssal plains B. Continental rises C. Continental shelves D. Continental slopes

A. Abyssal plains

Which type of continental coastline has a much broader continental shelf? A. Passive continental margins B. Active continental margins

A. Passive continental margins

Wave crests __________________. A. Refract (bend) so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner B. Refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline C. Reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approached the shoreline D. Are reflected off the shoreline, but never refract

A. Refract (bend) so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner

When ocean waves propagate in an open ocean, water molecules (or particles) also propagate to the direction of the waves. A. True B. False

A. True

What percentage of seawater, on average, consists of dissolved salt ions? A. 1.5% B. 3.5% C. 5.5% D. 6.5%

B. 3.5%

The form and topography (depth profile) of the ocean floor is termed _________. A. Orogeny B. Bathymetry C. Allocthony D. Aquitopography

B. Bathymetry

As waves approach shore in shallow water, their speed _________. A. Increases B. Decreases

B. Decreases

The density of seawater increases with _______________. A. Increasing temperature and increasing salinity B. Decreasing temperature and increasing salinity C. Increasing temperature and decreasing salinity D. Decreasing temperature and decreasing salinity

B. Decreasing temperature and increasing salinity

Rip currents flow ______________. A. Directly toward the shoreline B. Directly away from the shoreline C. Parallel to the shoreline

B. Directly away from the shoreline

Beaches consist only of sand. A. True B. False

B. False

When high tide occurs at any single shoreline, that means it is also high tide at all other coasts throughout the world. A. True B. False

B. False

Because of wave refraction, erosion along an irregular coastline is ________. A. Even along the length of the coast B. Greatest in heradlands (points of land projected out toward the sea) C. Greatest in bays

B. Greatest in heradlands (points of land projected out toward the sea)

The most prominent force inducing tides on Earth is the _____________. A. Sun's gravitational pull B. Moon's gravitational pull C. Electromagnetic attraction between Earth and the Sun D. Gravitational attraction between ocean waters and the continents on Earth

B. Moon's gravitational pull

Which of the following causes shorelines to move landward? A. Sediment is supplied more than eroded B. Sediment is supplied less than eroded C. Land rises D. Sea level drops

B. Sediment is supplied less than eroded

Compared to continental lithosphere, oceanic lithosphere is _____________. A. Thicker B. Thinner C. Approximately the same thickness

B. Thinner

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water? A. 30% B. 50% C. 70% D. 85%

C. 70%

Which of the following is NOT a coastal landform? A. Beach B. Tidal flat C. Continental shelf D. Coastal wetland E. Coral reef

C. Continental shelf

The shallowest portion of the ocean is found along the margins of continents in regions termed _____________. A. Abyssal plains B. Continental rises C. Continental shelves D. Continental slopes

C. Continental shelves

Most of the igneous rocks within oceanic abyssal plains are ______________. A. Exposed at the surface of the sea floor B. Covered by sand and gravel introduced by rivers at deltas C. Covered by clay and the skeletal remains of microplankton D. Covered by limestone made up of the fragments of large invertebreate shells

C. Covered by clay and the skeletal remains of microplankton

As compared to freshwater, saline ocean water is ______ and therefore provides _______ support to floating objects. A. Less dense; more buoyant B. Less dense; less buoyant C. Denser; more buoyant D. Denser; less buoyant

C. Denser; more buoyant

Sand groins _______________. A. Have solved the problem of beach drift B. Increase erosion rates in the region upcurrent from the groin C. Increase erosion rates in the region downcurrent from the groin D. Increase depositional rates in the region downcurrent from the groin

C. Increase erosion rates in the region downcurrent from the groin

Longshore currents flow ____________. A. Directly toward the shoreline B. Directly away from the shoreline C. Parallel to the shoreline

C. Parallel to the shoreline

What is the main energy source of hurricanes? A. Strong wind B. Tidal forces C. Warm moist water D. Thermohaline circulation

C. Warm moist water

Global circulation of ocean water is influenced by _____________. A. Surface winds B. Coastal upwelling and downwelling C. Sinking of cold and saline water D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Of the choices below, which portions of the sea floor are most steeply tilted? A. Abyssal plains B. Continental rises C. Continental shelves D. Continental slopes

D. Continental slopes

The deepest segments of the ocean floor are found ________________. A. Along mid-ocean ridges B. In the geographic centers of abyssal plains C. In trenches associated with passive margins D. In trenches associated with subduction zones

D. In trenches associated with subduction zones