geo 135 test 2
In Latin America, haciendas were
large-scale agricultural estates.
The collectivization program launched by Stalin in the Soviet Union in 1928 aimed to
make farmers into factory-like workers.
The 1980s in Latin America is referred to as the 'Lost Decade' because
many Latin American countries defaulted on their debt payments.
The majority of Mexicans are _____.
mestizos
All five countries of Central Asia produce similar commodities, namely
natural gas, oil, and cotton.
Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation has been characterized by the following urban trends, except
reduction in urban crime rate.
A favela is a
shantytown in a Brazilian city.
Under collectivization, which was called for in Stalin's first five-year plan, _____
small family farms were merged into large, government-run farms.
The _____ climate prevails along the Mediterranean Sea coastlands of southern Europe.
subtropical winter rain
The European Union represents _____, the idea that different nations can cooperate so closely for their mutual benefit that they can share the same government, economy, social policies, and military.
supranationalism
The Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) was developed in 1975 to
tackle pollution problems in the region.
The _____ is the world's largest forest region, which dominates areas north of Moscow and across Siberia.
taiga
Mediterranean Europe is characterized by all of the following, except
the Industrial Revolution started in this region and spread to other parts of Europe.
The Mediterranean Sea is an almost closed sea with a single narrow connection to the Atlantic Ocean at _____.
the Strait of Gibraltar
All of the following rivers are in Central Asia except _____.
the Tigris River
Brazil gained fuel energy independence and became an energy exporter primarily as a result of
the development of a sugarcane-based ethanol fuel program.
A major wheat-producing region is found in _____.
the plains of Ukraine, western Russia, and Kazakhstan
In a communist, planned economy, decisions about production are made by _____.
the state
During an El Nino event,
trade winds diminish and warmer water from the western Pacific flows eastward.
Europe's climates are mostly temperate and humid, but include long freezing winters in the north and dry summers in the south.
true
Germany, France, and United Kingdom receive the least number of refugees in Europe.
true
The Danube River is longer than the Rhine, but the latter is the world's busiest waterway.
true
The Mediterranean Sea is one of the world's major shipping lanes, carrying 18 percent of the world's sea-borne oil traffic.
true
By 2007, Russia produced about _____ of the world's GDP.
two percent
Siberia's economic significance is primarily due to its _____.
wealth of fossil fuels, metals, and other raw materials
Mexico's population is projected to reach about _____ by 2025.
130 million
In 1917, at the time of the Bolshevik Revolution, what percentage of Russians lived in small towns and cities?
17%
Europe dominates the international tourist market. In 2003, it received _____ of the 911 million tourists worldwide.
33
What percentage of the total territory of Brazil is drained by the Amazon River network?
60
The Bahamas, situated east of Florida, comprises approximately how many islands?
700
_____ constitute the majority population in Serbia's southern province of Kosovo.
Albanians
Which four countries form the southernmost part of South America and are sometimes called 'Southern Cone'?
Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay
What three countries in Russia and neighboring countries straddle the Caucasus mountains and are frequently called the Transcaucus, meaning "across the mountains?"
Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan
The majority population of Nagorno-Karabakh is _____.
Armenian
Islam is the predominant religion among all of the following peoples except _____.
Armenians
What plantation dominates the Ulua River valley and the northern coastal plain in Honduras?
Banana and pineapples
The European Union has its origin in the agreement which three countries to coordinate their economies?
Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
The name Ukraine means
Borderland
Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan straddle the _____ Mountains.
Caucasus
Russia has come under international criticism for its recent military campaigns in _____, a republic that has suffered high death tolls in its quest for independence.
Chechnya
The _____ is a political and economic organization made up of twelve former republics of the Soviet Union.
Commonwealth of Independent States
_____ mining is a significant industry in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.
Copper
Which of the following four islands in the Caribbean are known as the Greater Antilles?
Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica
The primary Slavic languages of this region (Russian, Belarussian, and Ukrainian) are written using the _____ alphabet.
Cyrillic
Most of the countries of _____ were formerly controlled by the Soviet Union, which imposed Communist economic policies.
East Central Europe
Which of the following contemporary Latin American countries were involved in a brief union as the Mexican Empire from 1821 to 1823?
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico
Romance languages include all of the following except _____.
English
The three Baltic Republics of the Soviet Union which became independent in 1991 are _____.
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
After declaring independence, all the former republics of the Soviet Union formed the Commonwealth of Independent States, except _____.
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
In 1990, Siberia produced 20% of Russia's oil, 30% of its natural gas, and 50% percent of its coal.
False
The Russian Federation's heartland includes the Arctic regions around Murmansk, the mining areas east of the Urals, and the resource-rich Siberia.
False
Nuclear-powered electricity generation represents 77% of the national energy total of what European country?
France
_____ receives more international tourists than any other country in the world.
France
Which of the following does NOT belong to the Germanic language group?
French
What country is often referred to as the "motor" of Europe and is responsible for much of Western Europe's economic growth?
Germany
The industrial revolution began in the mid-1700s in _____ and then spread to other parts of Western Europe.
Great Britain
_____ is the poorest country in the Americas.
Haiti
The violence that has plagued Northern Ireland has primarily been due to conflicts between
Irish nationalists who want to unite with the Irish republic and Unionists who want to maintain union with the UK.
Which of the following explains why Ecuador's Galapagos Islands attract tourists from all parts of the world every year?
It has unique animal and plant species.
Which of the following statements about Russia's heartland is FALSE?
It lies east of the Urals
Which of the following statements about Haiti is incorrect?
It occupies the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola.
Which of the following Latin American countries is a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement?
Mexico
_____, the largest city in northern Italy, is a major center of financial and other services as well as producer of a diverse group of manufactured goods.
Milan
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many _____ hoped to once again unite their country with Romania.
Moldovans
European oil and natural gas fields are concentrated in the _____.
North Sea
Which of the following statements about the physical geography of Latin America is incorrect?
Only a small part of Latin America lies within the tropical latitudes.
Armenia in 1915 was the victim of genocide at the hands of which country and government?
Ottoman Turkey
_____ was a Soviet policy of the late 1980s designed to restructure the economy in a capitalist fashion.
Perestroika
Which of the following statements about the industrial revolution in the mid-1700s is incorrect?
Railroads become less important during this period
The _____, a river used heavily for transportation, is the world's busiest waterway.
Rhine
Christianity became significant in Europe after the _____ adopted it as their empire's official religion.
Romans
Between the late 1700s and the end of World War I in 1918, most of Central Europe was dominated by four great Empires, namely the _____.
Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman empires
Which of the following is a major environmental problem in Latin America?
Soil erosion, Earthquakes, hurricanes
All of the following except _____ are members of the Group of Eight, an informal organization representing the world's most materially wealthy countries.
Spain
Trade expeditions overseas in the 1400s, which brought in precious metals, were led by two groups of Europeans, namely _____.
Spanish and Portuguese
What country has the largest sawmill industry in Europe, and accounts for about 10% of the world's exports?
Sweden
_____ has been reduced to less than half its previous size as a result of irrigation projects that have diverted water from the rivers that feed it.
The Aral Sea
The International Court of Justice, located in _____, set up a special war crimes tribunal to deal with atrocities related to ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia.
The Hague, Netherlands
To counter the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) by European countries and the United States in 1949, the Soviet Union created a military alliance in 1955 known as the _____.
The Warsaw Pact
Which of the following statements about the physical geography of Russia and its neighboring countries is incorrect?
The regions coldest climates are found around the Black and Caspian seas and in the Central Asian countries.
Central Asia's fertile river valleys of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya are one of the cradles of civilization.
True
Central Asia's five countries were once part of a land called Turkestan, a loose confederation of tribes.
True
The line between Europe and Asia is marked by the _____.
Ural Mountains
Tensions have arisen between Kyrgyzstan and _____ over water allocation in the Fergana Valley.
Uzbekistan
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established in 1922 under the leadership of _____.
Vladimir I. Lenin
Polish, Lithuanian, and Austrian influence on Belarus is seen in the fact that
about 20% of Belarus's population is Roman Catholic.
As a result of recent demographic trends in Europe,
aging populations have increased the burden on welfare systems.
About 20 percent of the world's _____ industry output occurs along the Rhine river.
chemical
The Soviet Union had a _____ economy, a system in which all aspects of production and distribution were controlled by government agencies.
command
A large part of this region experiences especially cold winters and hot summers resulting from location far from the moderating effects of large water bodies, a condition termed _____.
continentality
The establishment of parliaments with limited powers in Scotland and Wales is an example of _____, the process by which local peoples seek greater authority in government.
devolution
Negative consequences of deforestation in the Amazon basin include all of the following except
economic decline for countries such as Brazil.
The main cause of population decline in the Slavic countries is
economic hardships.
In the context of reforms in the Soviet Union in the mid 1980s, the concept of perestroika refers to a policy of
economic restructuring.
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 signed between Spain and Portugal?
established a demarcation line between their global spheres of influence in the Americas
Concentration of European agriculture has resulted in _____.
fewer but much larger farms.
Remittances, which are _____, have become a significant source of income for some Latin American countries.
funds sent home by workers in foreign countries
Fjords, which are common along the coast of Norway, formed where _____.
glaciated valleys flooded with ocean water when sea levels rose
The altiplano is a
high plateau in the Andes Mountains of Peru and Bolivia.
The area along the Czech, Polish, and East German borders referred to as the Black Triangle is known for
highest levels of acid pollution.
