GEO last quizzes

slopes

Inclined surfaces that form the boundaries of landforms are known as slopes. viewsheds. free face. regoliths. catchments.

lava

Molten rock that pours forth on Earth's surface is called intrusive. magma. metamorphic. pyroclastics. lava

Precambrian eon

Most cratons date to the -Devonian period. -Mesozoic era. -Paleozoic era. -Paleocene epoch. -Precambrian eon.

strike-slip fault

When lateral shear causes horizontal movement along a fault plane, the resulting fault is called a -folded fault. -thrust fault. -lateral fault. -strike-slip fault. -normal fault.

exfoliation

When pressure is removed from overlying rock, the pressure of deep burial is relieved, initiating pressure-release jointing. The joints then separate into curved slabs. This is known as salt crystal growth. frost wedging. spheroidal weathering. exfoliation. crystallization.

debris flow

A ________ is a mixture of water and loosely consolidated sediment, such as gravels, boulders, and coarse rock fragments, moving downslope. landslide slump debris flow creep rockfall

shield volcano

A gently sloping mountain landform built from effusive eruption is known as a crater. caldera. pluton. shield volcano. cinder cone

continental shield

A large region where a craton is exposed at the surface is known as a -terrane. -composite zone. -continental platform. -mountain mass. -continental shield

soil creep

A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called soil creep. a debris avalanche. slump. a rockfall. a soil slide

denudation

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term erosion. weathering. evisceration. mass movement. denudation.

water vapor dissolves carbon dioxide, yielding precipitation that contains carbonic acid.

Carbonation, in terms of chemical weathering, occurs when carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons that can weather rock and other materials. water vapor dissolves carbon dioxide, yielding precipitation that contains carbonic acid. carbon dioxide gas in water is dissolved under high pressure. any chemical reaction involving carbon dioxide occurs in the soil. carbon dioxide interacts with calcium hydroxide and hydrates calcium silicates.

magma rich in silica and aluminum

Effusive eruptions are not related to which of the following? magma rich in iron and magnesium relatively gentle eruptions gently sloping shield volcanoes low-viscosity magma magma rich in silica and aluminum

an anticline

Folded layers of rock can form a wavelike pattern of troughs and crests. The layers near the crest (i.e., the upward fold) form -shear. -a thrust fault. -a tension zone. -a syncline. -an anticline.

a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust

Orogenesis refers to -a general thinning of the crust. -the beginning of extensive faulting. -eroding away of surface material to expose a craton (continental shield). -the creation of an escarpment during normal faulting. -a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust.

geothermal energy production

Mounting evidence indicates that the dramatic increase in the number of earthquakes in the central United States is caused by large wind turbine farms. deep wastewater injection wells. geothermal energy production. global climate change. the re-awakening of a long dormant fault.

higher rainfall and temperatures.

Part complete Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of lower rainfall, but higher temperatures. higher rainfall and temperatures. lower rainfall and temperatures. higher rainfall, but lower temperatures. near absence of rainfall, but higher temperatures.

they supply organic acids that enhance the dissolution process

Plants are important to the development of karst primarily because they lessen the impact of raindrops on the surface so the water can more rapidly flow into stream channels. they provide the calcium carbonate necessary for karst topography to form. the decay of large roots below the surface produces cavities which eventually enlarge to form caves. openings adjacent to their roots serve as microchannels that allow water to enter the rock. they supply organic acids that enhance the dissolution process.

tephra, or pyroclastics

Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called tephra, or pyroclastics. volcanic ash. cinders. scoria. explosive debris

normal fault

Tensional stress along a fault can result in a dropped hanging-wall block relative to the footwall side, producing a -thrust fault. -reverse fault. -normal fault. -strike-slip fault. -lateral fault.

oceanic plate-continental plate

The Andes of South America formed as a result of the Nazca plate subducting beneath the South American plate. This is an example of ________ collision. oceanic plate-oceanic plate oceanic plate-continental plate continental shield-craton continental-plate-continental plate terrane-craton

landslide

The Bingham Canyon Mine outside Salt Lake City, Utah, 2014 The photograph shows an example of which mass movement process solifluction landslide creep debris flows scarification

gravity

The angle of repose represent a balance between the driving force and resisting force. Which of the following is the driving force? shear friction inertia cohesion gravity

frost wedging

The fact that water expands as much as 9% of its volume as it freezes is the basis of oxidization. frost wedging. hydrolysis salt crystal growth. exfoliation

saturation, oversteepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions

Which of the following can lead to the slope failure that causes mass movement? oversteepening of the slope saturation from rainfall earthquakes volcanic eruptions saturation, oversteepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions

shearing - stretching or faulting

Which of the following is incorrectly matched? -tension - stretching or faulting -compression - shortening or folding -shearing - stretching or faulting -folding - compressional stress -tension - normal fault

slip

Which of the following is not a class of mass movement? slide fall creep flow slip

hydrolysis

Which of the following is not a type of physical weathering process? exfoliation thermal expansion frost wedging salt crystal growth hydrolysis

the amount of death and destruction that occurred

Which of the following is not used to rate an earthquake on the moment magnitude scale? the size of the subsurface or surface area that ruptured the amount of fault slippage that occurred the amount of death and destruction that occurred the nature of the ground materials affected by the quake extreme ground acceleration

karst valley

continuing dissolution and collapse may lead the coalescing of sinkholes to form a doline. disappearing stream. drip curtain. karst valley. rise.

the elastic-rebound theory

under pressure, rocks can bend and deform, and then spring back to their initial shape after pressure is released. This is known as folding. continental drift. plate tectonics. orogeny. the elastic-rebound theory