GEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: CYCLES OF EARTH MATERIALS

Think about an igneous rock at the top of a mountain. If this rock went through the whole rock cycle, number the steps that would follow. 1. Step 1 2. Step 2 3. Step 3 4. Step 4 5. Step 5 6. Step 6 7. Step 7

2 Regolith is transported or eroded by rain or wind. 5 Sedimentary rock is buried deeper into the earth's crust. The intense heat and pressure begins metamorphism and the rock turns into metamorphic rock. 6 Metamorphic rock begins to melt back into magma. 3 Regolith is dumped into some type of reservoir, usually water, by deposition. 7 Magma is resurfaced from volcanic activity, cools, and becomes igneous rock. 4 Layers deposited begin to compact and cement together to form sedimentary rock. 1 Rock is broken down into regolith by weathering.

All fossil fuels contain this element.

carbon

tectonic cycle

natural and continuous cycle of Earth that recycles Earth's lithospheric plates

rock cycle

natural and continuous cycle of Earth that recycles Earth's minerals

The hydrologic, rock, and tectonic cycles are all interconnected. In the rock cycle, water moves regolith during _____, and the tectonic cycle resurfaces rock through _____.

weathering, converging

Seafloor spreading causes an oceanic plate to collide with a continental plate. If it were to go through the whole tectonic cycle, number the steps that would follow. 1. Step 1 2. Step 2 3. Step 3

1 Mantle convection would cause magma to rise up through divergent boundaries. 2 From the intense heat and pressure within the mantle, the crust of the oceanic plate would mix with the rock of the mantle. 3 The oceanic plate would subduct under the continental plate into the asthenosphere.

Think about a drop of water in the ocean. If it were to go through the whole hydrologic cycle, number the steps that would follow. 1. Step 1 2. Step 2 3. Step 3 4. Step 4 5. Step 5

2 The atmosphere is cooler, so the drop of water would change from a gas back to a liquid through condensation. 4 The drop of water falls to the ground as rain and is absorbed as groundwater. 3 As more water vapor condenses into liquid, the drop of water will eventually drop to Earth's surface as precipitation. 1 Evaporation would change the drop of water to water vapor, a gas, which would rise into the atmosphere. 5 The groundwater flows into a river which empties back into the ocean.

1. deposition 2. equilibrium 3. hydrologic cycle 4. metamorphism 5. rock cycle 6. transpiration 7. weathering

7 process that breaks down rock through physical and chemical changes 4 process of intense heat and pressure which changes igneous or sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock 1 process by which sediment flows into a reservoir 3 a natural and continuous cycle of Earth that recycles and distributes Earth's water; often called the water cycle 5 natural and continuous cycle of Earth that recycles Earth's minerals 6 the process by which plants give off water vapor 2 two opposing forces in balance or when two opposite processes occur at equal rates

_____ occurs at convergent boundaries, where one layer of crust sinks into the asthenosphere when it collides with another layer of crust.

Subduction

The hydrologic, rock, and tectonic cycles are powered by two main energy sources. They are the _____.

Sun and interior of Earth (core)

Choose the statement(s) that best describe Earth's hydrologic, rock, and tectonic cycles.

They continuously recycle Earth's materials. They contribute to a balance or equilibrium of Earth's materials.

hydrologic cycle

a natural and continuous cycle of Earth that recycles and distributes Earth's water; often called the water cycle

Identify the fossil fuel.

coal

The hydrologic cycle maintains a balance of Earth's water because _____.

evaporation of water is equal to precipitation of water

equilibrium

two opposing forces in balance or when two opposite processes occur at equal rates

deposition

process by which sediment flows into a reservoir

metamorphism

process of intense heat and pressure which changes igneous or sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock

weathering

process that breaks down rock through physical and chemical changes

The tectonic cycle describes the movement of Earth's crust. Recycled "new" oceanic crust is formed by ________ at divergent boundaries.

seafloor spreading

transpiration

the process by which plants give off water vapor

Plants are able to release water back into the atmosphere by a process called _____.

transpiration