GEOG 101 final
When approximately did the Pleistocene Epoch begin? 10,000 years ago 500,000 years ago 2 million years ago 65 million years ago
2 million years ago
Which of the following accurately defines the relationship between watershed size and location along a stream? As you move upstream, the watershed gets smaller. As you move upstream, the watershed gets larger. The relationship is variable, depending on discharge rates. Location along a stream does not affect the watershed, only the drainage basin.
As you move upstream, the watershed gets smaller.
Which of the following accurately defines the relationship between watershed size and location along a stream? The relationship is variable, depending on discharge rates. As you move upstream, the watershed gets larger. As you move upstream, the watershed gets smaller. Location along a stream does not affect the watershed, only the drainage basin.
As you move upstream, the watershed gets smaller.
Which of the following is true regarding anticlines and synclines? Anticlines always form ridges. Synclines always form valleys. Both anticlines and synclines can form ridges or valleys. Anticlines and synclines have no relationship to ridges or valleys.
Both anticlines and synclines can form ridges or valleys.
Suppose you are a water molecule in a raindrop that just fell into a stream east of the Rocky Mountain continental divide in Colorado. Which of the following drainages will you flow into? Great Basin drainage Pacific drainage Hudson Bay/Arctic drainage Gulf/Atlantic drainage
Gulf/Atlantic drainage
In which of the following locations would you find a rift zone (divergent boundary) on land? the United States Australia Iceland India
Indiaes
Which of the following statements regarding topography is true? It has had little effect on human history. It cannot be effectively displayed on a map. It means the same thing as relief. It refers to the undulating form of earth's surface.
It refers to the undulating form of earth's surface.
What will happen to continental crust if a massive ice sheet develops on its surface? It will be transformed into magma. It will sink into the asthenosphere. It will not move because the mantle is solid. It will rise higher in elevation.
It will sink into the asthenosphere.
Suppose the rock making up a volcano is eroded and the rock particles are incorporated into new rock on the ocean floor. Which of the following rock cycle transformations is represented by this example? igneous to sedimentary sedimentary to metamorphic metamorphic to igneous sedimentary to igneous igneous to metamorphic
igneous to sedimentary
Which drainage pattern would you most likely find on a single peak or dome structure, such as a volcano? deranged trellis parallel rectangular radial
Radial
Which drainage pattern would you most likely find in an area with folded topography producing alternating ridges and valleys, as in the Appalachian Mountain region? annular radial dendritic trellis
Trellis
Continental crust is less dense than the asthenosphere. True False
True
Karst features are produced principally through chemical weathering. True False
True
The moon has a stronger influence on tides than the sun. True False
True
he average elevation of earth's total surface is below sea level. True False
True
What is the dominant direction of movement of the North American tectonic plate? west east north south
West
Which of the following volcanic intrusions is usually the largest? a sill a laccolith a dike a batholith
a batholith
Crater Lake, Oregon is an example of a volcanic neck. a lava flow. a caldera. a batholith.
a caldera.
Mount St. Helens is an example of which of the following features? a batholith a shield volcano a hot spot a composite volcano
a composite volcano
Which of the following volcanic features usually involves the most explosive eruptions? a composite volcano a shield volcano flood basalt a rift zone
a composite volcano
What type of boundary is created where two tectonic plates collide? a collision boundary a divergent boundary a transform boundary a convergent boundary
a convergent boundary
Which of the following plate boundary types produces earthquakes and builds mountains, but have very little, if any, volcanic activity? a convergent boundary between oceanic crust and oceanic crust a divergent boundary between oceanic crust and oceanic crust a divergent boundary between continental crust and continental crust a convergent boundary between continental crust and continental crust a convergent boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust
a convergent boundary between continental crust and continental crust
The Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States are an example of which of the following features? a folded mountain range a volcanic chain a tilted fault block a rift zone
a folded mountain range
Which plate tectonic feature is responsible for the formation of the Hawaiian Islands? a subduction zone a rift zone a transform boundary a hot spot
a hot spot
Which of the following is a depositional landform produced during a flood? a knickpoint a natural levee a point bar a cutbank
a natural levee
Which of the following could be produced by compressional forces? Select all that apply. a reverse fault a folded mountain range a normal fault none of these
a reverse fault a folded mountain range
If you climb Mt Everest, you have experienced a first order of relief. a second order of relief. a third order of relief. a fourth order of relief.
a third order of relief.
Which of the following would suggest the presence of soil creep? a sinking land surface a cracked sidewalk a tilted retaining wall large scars on the slope
a tilted retaining wall
In which of the following tectonic settings would you be least likely to find volcanic activity? a hot spot a rift zone a transform boundary a subduction zone
a transform boundary
What type of plate boundary is created when two plates slide past each other? a convergent boundary a divergent boundary a transform boundary none of these
a transform boundary
Which of the following are incorrectly matched? capacity — the total possible load that a stream can transport suspended load — fine particles physically held aloft in a stream competence — a stream's ability to move particles of a specific size saltation — particles bounced along a stream bed abrasion — a hydraulic squeeze-and-release action
abrasion — a hydraulic squeeze-and-release action
Which of the following features would likely be found in a floodplain? Select all that apply. a meander cutoff a yazoo tributary an oxbow lake a natural levee
all
What is the term for a fault that forces a block over and on top of an adjacent block? a strike-slip fault an overthrust fault a reverse fault a normal fault
an overthrust fault
Which of the following is true regarding anticlines and synclines? anticlines and synclines have no relationship to ridges or valleys anticlines always form ridges both anticlines and synclines can form ridges or valleys synclines always form valleys
both anticlines and synclines can form ridges or valleys
What is the term for the combination of water with another substance to produce a new compound? solifluction hydrolysis talus isostasy
hydrolysis
In the rock cycle, what is the term for rock that is completely melted and then cooled and solidified again? magma sedimentary igneous metamorphic
igneous
Which rock type is usually the hardest and most resistant to weathering and erosion? intrusive igneous metamorphic extrusive igneous sedimentary
metamorphic
In which of the following locations would deposition be the dominant fluvial process? headwaters in the meandering portion of a stream near base level on steep slopes
near base level
Which of the following is a chemical weathering process? pressure-release jointing salt crystal growth oxidation freeze-thaw action
oxidation
What drainage pattern would be most likely on a steep slope with moderate topographic variation across the slope? annular deranged dendritic rectangular parallel
parallel
Which of the following weathering processes does not involve water? hydration pressure-release jointing spheroidal weathering salt crystal growth carbonation
pressure-release jointing
Which physical weathering process produces rock features that are most similar to those due to spheroidal weathering? biological weathering pressure-release jointing freeze-thaw crystallization
pressure-release jointing
Which mass movement process is both the fastest and driest? mudflow rockfall a translational slide solifluction a slump
rockfall
Which weathering process is particularly common in arid climates? hydrolysis salt crystal growth hydration pressure-release jointing
salt crystal growth
What is the term for the process of stream transportation in which particles jump or bounce along the stream bed? suspension saltation traction turbulence
saltation
If sand particles are compacted and cemented into rock, what is the name for the resulting rock type? sedimentary endogenic metamorphic igneous
sedimentary
Which of the following forces would produce a strike-slip fault? Select all that apply. compression tension shear
shear
The solution of limestone can create circular depressions on the landscape known as stalagmites columns sinkholes caves all of the above
sinkholes
Which of the following is a common surface feature in limestone regions with little relief like Florida? hot springs columns stalagmites sinkholes
sinkholes
Which mass movement type is the slowest? soil creep slump earthflow rockfall avalanche
soil creep
Which of the following is not a form of stream erosion? hydraulic action abrasion suspension all of these are forms of stream erosion
suspension
The original theory of continental drift was revived and expanded in which decade? the 1890s the 1910s the 1960s the 1990s
the 1960s
oday's continents were connected together as Pangaea during which of the following geologic time periods? the Cenozoic Era the Holocene Epoch the Pleistocene Epoch the Mesozoic Era
the Mesozoic Era
What is the name of the sharp change in rock characteristics between the crust and the uppermost mantle? the crustal discontinuity the Asthenic discontinuity the Mohorovičić discontinuity the Gutenberg discontinuity
the Mohorovičić discontinuity
The portion of the earth's profile that is plastic in the sense that it is relatively easily bent and shaped is known as the outer core the Mohorovičić discontinuity the lithosphere the asthenosphere
the asthenosphere
Which of the earth's interior layers lies just under the lithosphere? the asthenosphere the lower mantle the uppermost mantle the outer core none of these
the asthenosphere
What is the term for the area on the earth's surface directly above the point where seismic waves are initiated in an earthquake? the focus the epicenter the hypocenter the seismic center
the epicenter
Which part of the earth's interior is comprised of molten, liquid metal? the inner core the asthenosphere the mantle the outer core all of earth's interior is rigid
the outer core
Which of the following are components of the lithosphere? Select all that apply. the asthenosphere and mantle the solid inner core and lower mantle the inner and outer core the rigid, uppermost mantle and the crust
the rigid, uppermost mantle and the crust
Which of the following are components of the lithosphere? Select all that apply. the rigid, uppermost mantle and the crust the inner and outer core the asthenosphere and mantle the solid inner core and lower mantle
the rigid, uppermost mantle and the crust
Which of the following is necessary for the formation of well-developed karst landscapes? Select all that apply. the presence of joints in the rock a high proportion of calcium carbonate in the rock an aerated zone above the water table
All
Which of the following would likely be found near a convergent boundary between continental and oceanic crust? a subduction zone an inland volcanic mountain range earthquakes all of the above
All
elect all options that correctly finish this sentence: Niagara Falls is an example of a knickpoint. headward erosion. a disruption to a graded stream profile.
All
What is the difference between a sill and a dike? A sill is horizontal; a dike is vertical. A sill is intrusive; a dike is extrusive. A sill is produced by more explosive lava compared to a dike. A sill is larger than a dike.
A sill is horizontal; a dike is vertical.
Which of the following accurately describes the difference between a shield volcano and a composite volcano? Select all that apply. A composite volcano usually has steeper slopes than a shield volcano. A composite volcano is usually more explosive than a shield volcano. A composite volcano usually produces more pyroclastics than a shield volcano. Magma in composite volcanoes tends to be thicker than in shield volcanoes.
All
Which of the following contributed to the massive 1959 Madison River landslide in Montana? Select all that apply. an earthquake heavily-weathered material an oversteepened slope
All
Which of the following is included in the geologic cycle? Select all that apply. endogenic processes the hydrologic cycle exogenic processes the rock cycle
All
Which of the following is included in the geologic cycle? Select all that apply. exogenic processes the hydrologic cycle endogenic processes the rock cycle
All
All faults are also plate boundaries. True False
False
Humans rarely influence mass movement. True False
False
If you have a strong fear of sinkholes, you should move to Florida. True False
False
In a meandering stream, maximum erosion occurs on the inner edge of meanders. True False
False
The 1993 Mississippi River Floods were the result of a few days of very intense storms. True False
False
The pre-construction geologic analysis of the site for the Vajont Canyon, Italy reservoir suggested that the canyon walls were solid and would not be susceptible to mass movement. True False
False
There are no plate boundaries that cross land surfaces in the United States. True False
False
If a mass movement event involves large quantities of water, what class does it belong to? creep slide flow fall
Flow
If you live in an area that experienced a 100-year flood last year, what can you conclude? Another flood of that magnitude will not occur for 99 years. Another flood of that magnitude will not occur for 100 years. Another flood of that magnitude could happen again this year. The probability of that flood occurring again this year is 1 in 1,000.
NOT The probability of that flood occurring again this year is 1 in 1,000.
The Basin and Range province of the Western United States is an example of which of the following features? a batholith horst and graben a hot spot a caldera a tilted fault block
NOT a hot spot
If a stream is subjected to uplift that increases the stream gradient, which of the following landforms will most likely be formed? terraces a point bar a delta a natural levee
NOT a point bar
The interaction between weathering and rock surface area is an example of a positive feedback. a neutral feedback. a negative feedback. an equilibrium system.
NOT an equilibrium system.
Which of the following karst features is produced by precipitation, not solution? Select all that apply. caverns sinkholes disappearing streams stalactites
NOT caverns
Which of the following is a chemical weathering process? pressure-release jointing salt crystal growth exfoliation hydration plant root expansion
NOT exfoliation
Which of the following is the dominant weathering process involved in the development of karst topography? carbonation oxidation hydration crystallization
NOT hydration
. Which of the following are denudation processes? Select all that apply. mass movement erosion weathering
NOT just erosion weathering
What finally led scientists to accept the theory of plate tectonics? similar fossil and climatic records on the edges of distant continents the puzzle-like fit of the continents determination of the age and magnetic characteristics of the ocean floor records of coal deposits
NOT similar fossil and climatic records on the edges of distant continents
Which of the following karst features is produced by carbonation and solution, not precipitation? columns stalagmites stalactites drip stones caves
NOT stalactites
Which of the following is the best example of a first order of relief? North America Mount St. Helens the Rocky Mountains a cliff face
North America
Which of the following terms refers to the total amount of material that a given stream can transport? suspension volume capacity competence
capacity
Which of the following tectonic processes formed the Himalayas? rifting of continental crust collision between oceanic crust and oceanic crust collision between continental crust and continental crust transform faulting of oceanic crust collision between continental crust and oceanic crust
collision between continental crust and continental crust
Which type of plate boundary is most common around the edges of the Pacific Ocean? convergent divergent tednugent transform
convergent
Which of the following is an erosional landform? cutbank point bar natural levee delta
cutbank
What is the most familiar and common drainage pattern, forming treelike structures? dendritic parallel rectangular trellis
dendritic
Which of the following describes the correct order that material would be deposited by a stream as it reaches base level? gravel, sand clay, silt clay, gravel, sand, silt sand, gravel, silt, clay clay, silt, sand, gravel gravel, sand, silt, clay
gravel, sand, silt, clay
Which of the following processes causes stream capture? headward erosion deposition near base level meander cutoffs traction
headward erosion
Which of the following accurately defines angle of repose? the slope steepness that produces rockfall events a slope that is at 45° the slope steepness at which driving and resisting forces are balanced the maximum slope steepness on which it is safe to build a house
the slope steepness at which driving and resisting forces are balanced
The principle that the earth processes seen today occurred in the same way and at the same rate in the past is known as geomorphism catastrophism uniformitarianism reductionism
uniformitarianism
The term relief refers to the density of hills and mountains on a continent. vertical elevation differences in the landscape. the steepness of a slope. the number of different sedimentary rock layers in a mountain.
vertical elevation differences in the landscape.
Which of the following forms of moving water would produce the greatest erosion? sheet flow water in channels raindrops groundwater
water in channels
Which of the following geomorphic processes must happen before a mass movement event can take place? soil creep earthquakes weathering lithification
weathering
Which of the following lists of processes is in the correct sequence as they occur in nature? weathering, deposition, erosion, transportation weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition weathering, erosion, deposition, transportation deposition, erosion, transportation, weathering
weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition