GEOG 110
If 80 calories of heat energy are added to 1g of ice at 0°, what will the temperature of the ice be after the phase change?
0°C
Which of the following is not true of electromagnetic energy?
The wavelength generated is directly proportional to the temperature of the emitter; i.e., as temperature of the emitting object increases, the wavelength also increases.
Which of the following is false as regards the jet streams?
They flow from east to west.
The Sun produces which of the following?
mainly visible light and infrared energy
The amount of energy received above the South Pole during the southern hemisphere's summer solstice is __________ than that received above the North Pole during the northern hemisphere's summer solstice because __________.
more; Earth is closer to the Sun during the southern hemisphere's summer solstice
On the northern hemisphere's summer solstice, the north polar region receives __________ daily insolation than areas nearer the equator because __________.
more; the Sun does not set
Earth's oceans possess
ninety-seven percent of Earth's waters.
The two most abundant gases in the atmosphere are
nitrogen and oxygen
Land-sea breezes are caused by
onshore (toward the land) air flows that develop in the afternoon.
Which of the gases listed below has accumulated in the atmosphere as a result of biological processes?
oxygen
If Earth did not rotate, air would flow
perpendicular to the isobars, i.e., straight across the isobars.
The plane of Earth's orbit about the Sun is called
plane of the ecliptic
The polar jet tends to flow above the
polar front.
Air flow is initiated by the
pressure gradient force
Our planet and our lives are powered by
radiant energy from the Sun
When water condenses, it __________ heat energy and __________ the surrounding air.
releases; heats
The dominant wavelength of energy emitted by the Sun is
shorter than that emitted by Earth.
1361 Watts per square meter refers to the
solar constant.
The Tropic of Capricorn refers to
that parallel that is 23.5° south latitude.
If the saturation vapor pressure increases while the amount of water vapor in the air remains constant, this would indicate
that the temperature had increased.
Relative humidity is
the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the water vapor capacity of the air.
The Sun's declination refers to
the angular distance from the equator to the latitude at which direct overhead insolation is received.
The Sun's altitude refers to
the angular height of the Sun above the horizon.
The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is associated with
the equatorial low-pressure trough.
The jet streams help control
the movement of storms, the boundary between cold polar air to the north and warm air to the south, and the movement of high and low pressure systems.
The Tropic of Cancer refers to
the parallel that is the farthest northern location for the subsolar point during the year.
The capacity of the air to hold water vapor is basically a function of
the temperature of both the water vapor and the air.
The longest days of the year in the Northern Hemisphere are experienced during the
time that the Sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer.
Humidity measured in millibars is termed
vapor pressure.
The highest surface air pressure ever recorded occurred when the air was
very cold.
If Santa flew from the North Pole due south along the 100° meridian and did not correct his course, he would land
west of the 100° meridian.
Earth's rotation is described as
west to east.
A monsoon climate is characterized by __________ summers and __________ winters.
wet; dry
The horizontal motion of air relative to Earth's surface is
wind.
Normal sea level pressure has a value of
1013.2 millibars.
Directly above the midlatitudes, the tropopause (-57°C) occurs at approximately:
13 km (8 mi.).
Light travels at a speed of approximately
300,000 kilometers per second (186,333 miles per second).
The sun's declination migrates through
47°.
Half of Earth's atmosphere lies below an elevation of __________ meters.
5500
Water covers approximately __________ of Earth's surface.
71 percent
Both the latent heat of melting (heat of fusion) and the latent heat of freezing involve the absorption or release of __________ calories per gram of water changing state.
80
The normal range for air pressure at sea level is
980-1050 mb
Which of the following is not true of the wind?
Air blows from regions of hotter air to regions of colder air.
The uneven distribution of insolation by latitude is primarily a result of
Earth's sphericity, which presents varied angles to parallel solar rays.
The __________ emits mainly __________ which is also called __________.
Earthlongwave radiationinfrared
During which time period would the number of daylight hours always be greater than, or equal to, the number of nighttime hours for observers in the northern hemisphere?
From the spring equinox, to the summer solstice, to the autumn equinox.
Which of the following is correct relative to insolation at the thermopause?
In June, the North Pole receives over 500 watts per m to power of ((2)) per day.
Which of the following describes the pressure gradient force?
It drives air from areas of higher to lower barometric pressure.
Which of the following is true of the Sun's electromagnetic spectrum?
It is capable of sustaining life on Earth even though some portions of the spectrum are actually harmful to living organisms.
Which is true of the level of CO with subscript((2)) in our atmosphere?
It is currently over 400 ppm.
Which of the following is true of Earth's orbit about the Sun?
It is elliptical.
According to the text, which of the following is true regarding the point of sunrise for a location in the northern hemisphere?
It migrates from southeast to northeast from winter to summer.
While standing at the Tropic of Cancer, Emma's shadow points north at noon (Sun time). Based on this, which of the following can be definitely concluded
It must not be the summer solstice.
Which of the following statements is true?
March 21 = equal day and nights everywhere on Earth.
A by-product of photosynthesis is
Oxygen
If Earth's direction of rotation were reversed, the SE trades would become
SW trades.
Which of the following relationships is incorrect?
September equinox - subsolar point at 23.5° S latitude
Which of the following is true regarding the effects of the Coriolis force?
The Coriolis force is zero along the equator, increasing to one-half of maximum at 30° latitude and maximum at the poles.
Which of the following accurately describes Earth's distance from the Sun?
The Earth-Sun distance averages 150 million kilometers (93 million miles), Earth is closer to the Sun in January (perihelion) and farther away in July (aphelion). It takes light an average of 8 minutes and 20 seconds to travel from the Sun to Earth.
Which of the following is true of the distribution of land and water on Earth?
The Southern Hemisphere is dominated by water.
Which of the following is true regarding Earth's axis?
The axis is tilted 23.5° from a perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic.
Which of the following is true of the number of hours of daylight?
The number of hours of daylight varies depending on the latitude of the observer.
Which of the following is true regarding daylength?
The people living at 40° N or S latitude experience about six-hours difference in daylength from winter to summer.
Which of the following is true regarding the evaporation of water?
The phase change involves the latent heat of evaporation.
Which of the following normally would be true of the humidity above the hot, moist, tropical rain forests of the world?
The relative humidity would be high. The specific humidity would be high. The saturation vapor pressure would be high.
Which of the following is true of India's weather patterns?
The shifting of the intertropical convergence zone and upper air circulation brings heavy precipitation in summer from June to September.
The longest days of the year in the Southern Hemisphere are experienced during the Northern Hemisphere's
Winter solstice.
Which of the following sequences is arranged in order from shorter wavelength to longer wavelength?
X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared
On a weather map of air pressure, what can you infer from a closer spacing of isobars?
a steep pressure gradient creating a faster flow of air
Earth's diameter is
about 40,000 km (24,000 mi.).
On June 21, the Sun never sets at Finn's location. Based on this, it can be concluded that Finn lives
above the Arctic Circle.
A isoline of equal pressure plotted on a weather map is known as
an isobar.
Which of the following matches is incorrect relative to air circulation?
anticyclone = clockwise circulation in the Southern Hemisphere
Objects and wind moving over distance and time on Earth's surface are
apparently deflected from a straight path to the right in the Northern Hemisphere
Changes in daylength and the Sun's altitude above the horizon over the course of the year
are responsible for the seasons.
The Coriolis force
causes the apparent deflection of winds from a straight path.
The condensation process requires
condensation nuclei and saturated air.
The intertropical convergence zone is characterized by
convergence and uplift of warm surface air.
Which of the following matches is correct relative to air circulation?
cyclone = clockwise circulation in the Southern Hemisphere
Which of the following are correctly matched?
cyclones low pressure cells
A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the
dew-point temperature.
At all times during the year, the circle of illumination
divides Earth between equal halves of lightness and darkness.
The closer the spacing of the isobars, the __________ the wind blows.
faster
The solar constant is the value obtained
for Earth's average distance from the Sun.
Based on temperature, the atmosphere is divided into
four regions: ranging from the troposphere to the thermosphere.
Which of the following results from radiation imbalances at different latitudes?
global winds, hurricanes, ocean currents.
The equinox
has 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night for all locations.
In a mass of air in which no water is being added or removed, a temperature increase will
have no effect on the specific humidity, but will decrease the relative humidity.
The tropopause occurs at a __________ elevation above the tropics than above the poles because __________.
higher; the troposphere is hotter in the tropics, and this causes the air to rise to greater heights
The region of the atmosphere that is so evenly mixed that it behaves as if it were a single gas is the
homosphere.
Water vapor in the atmosphere is called
humidity
Water molecules bind tightly to one another. This is a result of
hydrogen bonding.
During the process by which energy is produced inside of stars
hydrogen is fused together to form helium.
The largest portion of fresh water today is located in
ice caps and glaciers.
The dominant wavelength emitted by Earth is
infrared.
Intercepted solar radiation is called
insolation
Within the upper-air westerly wind flow are great waving undulations
known as Rossby waves that involve contact between cooler and warmer air masses.
During the day along the coast, the wind tends to blow toward the __________ because __________.
land; land heats more rapidly than water
What is the heat energy involved in the change of state, or phase, in water?
latent heat
Radio waves have a __________ wavelength than visible light and are therefore __________ energetic.
longer; less
