GEOG 1113 Exam 2
Which of the following statements about sand dunes is correct?
they are depositional features
What depositional coastal landform connects an island or sea stack to the shoreline?
tombolo
Through weathering, erosion, and transport, a stream would eventually wear its valley down to the
ultimate base level
Which processes result in the widening of the floodplain of a meandering stream?
undercutting and lateral erosion
Figure 16.19 shows the distribution of living coral formations. Why are corals more prevalent on the east coasts of continents?
water is warmer
Both energy and water move toward the shore in:
waves of translation
The disintegration or dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called _________
weathering
When do streams erode laterally?
when downcutting is occurring in easy-to-erode sediment or rock
When do stream terraces form?
when streams exist under alternating erosional and depositional conditions
Some think the Sphinx in Egypt was initially a ______________.
yardang formed by abrasion
A stream that flows parallel to a primary river is called a:
yazoo
Which of the following are part of the bed load?
gravel, sand
Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of ____________
higher mean annual rainfall and temperatures
Complete this analogy: Sliding is to gravel as dissolution is to
ions
Imagine a valley containing four stream terraces. Where would the youngest stream terrace be found?
lowest
Which layer of the ocean is affected by sunlight and winds?
mixing layer
The narrow strip of land that a meandering river erodes through to form an oxbow lake is called a ______________.
neck
How many stream terraces can exist along a single valley?
no limit exists
What erosional coastal feature can cause the coast to collapse and retreat?
notched cliff
Mass movements are classified based on _________.
speed and moisture content
Which process is most associated with chemical weathering?
spheroidal weathering
Where do deposition and erosion of material occur along a meander?
Deposition occurs on the inside of the meander, whereas erosion occurs on the outside.
How can deforestation impact coral reefs and other aquatic systems?
all of the above
Humans in coastal regions will be more vulnerable to flooding because:
all of the above
What do barrier islands, coral formations, and coastal wetlands have in common?
all of the above
Which of the following features are produced by differential weathering?
all of the above
Which of the following features indicates that a stream has undergone uplift and rejuvenation?
alluvial terraces
What portion of a stream's sediment load is held aloft in the water and transported downstream?
suspended load
Hydration is a process whereby a mineral
swells on the absorption of water, creating stress in rock
What is suspended load?
the fine-grained particles that travel in the water column above the stream bed
Limestone must contain a minimum calcium carbonate content of ______ for karst topography to form.
80%
Which of the following rivers is characterized by internal drainage?
Humboldt
Which of the following statements about loess is correct?
Loess deposits in the United States and Europe are derived from glacial outwash deposits.
How are oxbow lakes formed
Oxbow lakes form when one meander erodes into another, cutting off water to part of the stream channel.
The dynamic equilibrium model of landforms refers to
a balancing act between tectonic uplift and reduction by weathering and erosion in a given landscape
What is a meander scar?
a landscape feature formed after an oxbow lake dries up
What is an oxbow lake?
a meander that has been cut off from the original stream channel
An urban hydrograph shows ____ a rural hydrograph does.
a more rapid response to precipitation and higher peak flow than
What is a stream terrace?
a remnant of an older floodplain that sits above the stream valley
What stream process erodes the streambed by grinding it with sediment and rock fragments?
abrasion
What are the three types of loads carried by streams?
bed, suspended, dissolved
Water that is more than 35 percent salinity is called ______________.
brine
Which of the following weathering processes is most likely to produce karst topography?
carbonation
Complete this analogy: Bouncing is to sand as suspension is to
clay
What is the source of sediments supplied to barrier islands?
coastal alluvial deposits
Which tides have the greatest variation between high and low tide?
conjunction alignment spring tides
Which of the following was caused by accelerated chemical weathering as the result of increased air pollution?
corrosion of the Grand Buddha at Leshan
Which component of a hillslope is the result of transportation of materials?
debris slope
Desert pavement is formed by _________.
deflation and the action of rainwater
The most familiar and common drainage pattern is
dendritic
A stream's flow volume per unit of time is called:
discharge
What is the dominant fluvial process in a clear, sediment-poor stream moving down a steep slope?
downcutting
The basic unit of area for the study of stream processes is the
drainage basin
Are stream terraces depositional or erosional landforms?
either
Which of the following forces opposes downslope movement of particles?
particle cohesion
What term describes a stream that flows all year with inputs of snowmelt, rain, and groundwater?
perrenial
Sheeting and exfoliation domes in granitic rock mainly form through a physical weathering process known as
pressure-release jointing
Weathering attacks subsurface rock, creating a layer of broken-up and partially weathered rock called _____________.
regolith
How can pieces of rock in contact with a stream bed move?
rolling, sliding, bouncing
Which of the following statements about flooding is correct?
settlement control is more effective than flood control
Which component of the littoral zone refers to the point of contact between land and water?
shoreline
As a stream's competence decreases, which of the following sediments would be deposited last?
silt