Geog 1113 Final - Bays, Okstate

Finnish pioneers settled the thin-soiled coniferous forest of northern Wisconsin and the Cherokees clung to the Ozark hollows of northeast Oklahoma. For a variety of reasons, both groups preferred environments that resembled those of their homelands. This is tendency associated with the concept of:

Cultural Preadaptation

What concept refers to the condition in which a culture group possesses a complex of adaptive traits in advance of migration, and this complex allows them to thrive and out-compete other immigrant groups in the new environment? The Bedouin Arabs, for example, easily conquered north Africa, where the environment was similar to their native Arabia.

Cultural Preadaptation

In which U.S. region would you most expect to find cathead biscuits and sawmill gravy on a restaurant menu?

Appalachia

What continent is currently the leading source of immigrants to both the United States and Canada? -Europe -Australia -Asia -Africa -South America

Asia

Wilber, Nebraska's annual Czech festival celebrates the cultural heritage of the immigrant families who settled to the area nearly 150 years ago. This includes folk dress, dance, and foods from the late 1800s. Hardly anyone knows a single word of the Czech language. Which of the following does this best illustrate? -cultural maladaptation -return migration -cultural simplification -hierarchical diffusion -cultural preadaptation

Cultural simplification

In regard to the bipolar divisions during the Cold War, which of the following was NOT among the five unaligned European states by 1980? -Austria -Czechoslovakia -Finland -Switzerland -Sweden

Czechoslovakia

(T/F) Supranational organizations have a long history. The earliest examples were initiated in the mid-1400s during the rise of European imperialism and overseas expansion.

False

.T/F Chinatown and Little Italy are examples of what cultural geographers refer to as ethnic islands.

False

T/F According to Figure 7.14, the bipolar configuration during the Cold War pitted the communist West against the capitalist East.

False

T/F During the Cold War, a majority of the world's independent states were aligned with either the United States or the Soviet Union.

False

T/F Homelands cannot be re-created by culture groups who migrate to a new area.

False

T/F Increasing mobility and technology tend to work against deterritorialization.

False

T/F Late in the twentieth century there arose a resurgence of ethnic identity, especially among indigenous peoples, which wholeheartedly embraced the processes associated with globalization.

False

T/F Most of the countries of Latin America were aligned with the United States during the Cold War.

False

T/F Separatist terrorism seeks to overthrow governments.

False

T/F The Hispanic population of the United States grew steadily until the 1980s, but has leveled off since 1990 due to stricter immigration controls. Hispanics, however, remain the second-largest American ethnic group after African-Americans.

False

T/F The best example of an ethnoburb is the German Hill Country of south Texas.

False

T/F The term Lebensraum literally means "room to grow."

False

The sauna is an important element in the cultural landscape of: -Algeria -Bolivia -Finland -Georgia -Switzerland

Finland

Which group abandoned their isolated wheat colonies in the steppe of southern Russia and migrated to the central Great Plains during the late 1800s?

Germans

In what U.S. state do people of Japanese ancestry make up the largest national-origin group? -Florida -Washington -California -Ilinois -Hawaii

Hawaii

Which ethnic group makes up a sizeable majority of the 12,000 people of Guymon, the largest town in the Oklahoma panhandle? -Native Americans -Afghans -Ethiopians -Hispanics -Koreans

Hispanics

What German scholar laid the foundations of the geopolitical research? -von Thunen -Ratzel -Losch -Hettner -Kjellen

Ratzel

Which of the following pairs most consider their church buildings to be sacred space? -Muslims, Sikhs -Renewalists, Protestants -Roman Catholics, Eastern -Orthodox -Protestants, Jews

Roman catholics, eastern orthodox

The Treaty of _______ incorporated the idea that the EEC would attract other countries sharing the same economic and political ideals.

Rome

Which of the following direct the United Nations' objective of peace-keeping?

Security Council

Which major U.S. region was mostly avoided by non-Anglo voluntary migrants throughout the nineteenth and most of the twentieth century? -Midwest -South -Pacific Coast -Northeast

South

Which of the following is NOT among the four U.S. states with the largest population of ethnic Puerto Ricans? -New Jersey -Tennessee -Florida -Pennsylvania -New York

Tenessee

_______________, _______________, and ____________ normally cremate the deceased. -Southern Baptists, Jews, Muslims -Theravada Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs -Mahayana Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs -Muslims, Tantrayana Buddhists, Hindus -Tantrayana Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs

Theravada, Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs

(T/F) Despite its name, only states, and not nations, are allowed membership to the United Nations General Assembly.

True

(T/F) If it were ever admitted to the UE, Turkey would likely become the most-populous member of the European Union.

True

(T/F) In order for recommendations made by the UN Security Council to be acted upon, there must be nine affirmative votes from among the 10 non-permanent members and unanimous support from the permanent members/

True

(T/F) Nationalists and other opponents of their country's participation in supranational organizations have a valid argument that supranationalism requires a state to relinquish some degree of its innate sovereignty.

True

(T/F) The European Union began to evolve with the Benelux agreement, an association made up of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg during the 1940s.

True

(T/F) The United Nations was founded in 1945

True

(T/F) The effectiveness of a supranational organization largely depends on the size of its membership, the clarity of its reason for existence, and the unity of members toward reaching goals. Therefore, smaller organizations with clear objectives tend to operate most efficiently.

True

(T/F) The population of the European Union is larger than the combined populations of the United States and Canada.

True

T/F According to Figure 7.13, Mackinder's view was that whosoever dominated the heartland would be able to resist invasion by a hegemonic sea power (Britain before WWI; the United States after WWII).

True

T/F According to cultural geographer Daniel Arreola, an identifiable Texas ethnic culinary boundary runs between San Antonio and Corpus Christi, dividing a zone of taco preference on the southwest from a zone of barbeque preference to the northeast.

True

T/F Acculturation can take place over the span of a single lifetime.

True

T/F Campaigns of ethnic cleansing often prompt forced migrations of refugees that form new ethnic communities in neighboring countries.

True

T/F Chain migration produces a situation in which neighbors in the old country may become neighbors in the new country.

True

T/F Ethnic groups usually identify themselves at a more localized scale than the concept of race allows.

True

T/F Ethnic islands are associated with rural areas.

True

T/F Geopolitics is a branch of political geography that has its roots in the work of Friedrich Ratzel.

True

T/F In Missouri it was found that farmers of German heritage typically built their farmsteads toward the center of the mile section, away from public roads, much more often than farmers of non-German heritage

True

T/F In communist countries, Marxist doctrine taught that ethnic identity was a tool of capitalist class manipulation, and that ethnicity would disappear forever once society had been transformed into a socialist worker's paradise.

True

T/F Just as religious teachings shape believers' attitudes and responsibilities toward fellow believers and others (infidels, apostates), it also directs attitudes toward nature.

True

T/F The domino theory stated that the fall of one state to communism would increase the likelihood that contiguous states would also fall to communism. It implied that communism was like a disease that would rapidly spread outward in a contagious diffusion pattern.

True

T/F The modern state has its roots in the concepts of territoriality and sovereignty, but globalization - especially greater human mobility and technological integration - may facilitate deterritorialization.

True

T/F The phenomenon of deterritorialization has allowed people located beyond their home countries to significantly take part in political change in their home countries, including revolutions, without actually being there.

True

T/F Whether true or not, there has long been a stereotype in the United States that farmers of German heritage--due to their frugality, skill, and work ethic--were typically more successful than farmers of English or Celtic heritage.

True

The case of nineteenth century Czech immigrant environmental perceptions of land quality in Texas is a happy one. Undeterred by treeless prairies and with little competition from Anglo pioneers, immigrant Czech farmers claimed excellent grassland soils that allowed them to prosper for over a century.

True

There is a tendency for immigrants to tend to perceive the ecosystem of their new home to be more like that of their abandoned native land than is actually the case.

True

What ethnic group does geographer Christopher Airriess study in the Versailles neighborhood of New Orleans, where perimeter vegetable gardens are the characteristic landscape signature? -Koreans -Cajuns -Irish -Haitians -Vietnamese

Vietnamese

What ethnic group established the ethnic neighborhood along Classen Boulevard from NW 22nd Street to NW 30th in Oklahoma City during the 1970s? -Native Americans -African Americans -Vietnamese -Poles -Mexicans

Vietnamese

What ethnic group is associated with the coal mining community of Krebs, Oklahoma? -African Americans -Italians -Lithuanians -Welsh -Chinese

african americans

When ____________ occurs, an ethnic group essentially disappears within the host culture, even though individuals may retain cognizant (even proud) of their ethnic heritage. -assimilation -acculturation -miscegenation -ethnogenesis -integration

assimilation

What is the term for an area within a city where an ethnic group lives, usually not by choice; in the United States, the term typically indicates an impoverished African-American urban neighborhood. -ethnic homeland -ethnic neighborhood -ghetto -ethnic substrate -ethnic island

ghetto

Which of the four necessary conditions of the state (listed in the first section of this chapter) is reduced when a state joins a supranational organization?

government has supreme authority over domestic and international affairs

This landscape color is most associated with Irish and Muslim ethnic neighborhoods. -black -purple -light blue -green -red

green

Which of the following primarily worships at a shrine located in the home? -Buddhists -Hindus -Mormons -Catholics -Muslims

hindus

What is the term for the socio-economically dominant, majority culture group whose existence reminds ethnic groups of their difference? -insurgency -racial minority -ethnic group -ethnic substrate -host culture

host culture

The growth of supranational political organizations provides the clearest expression of _____.

internationalism

Which religion does not allow the dead to be interred in mausoleums? -Judaism -Christianity -Islam

judaism

This landscape color is most associated with Greek ethnic neighborhoods. -light blue -purple -green -black -red

light blue

Which word best describes the relative location of the National Minority groups within the People's Republic of China? -coastal -surrounded -peripheral -dispersed -concentrated

peripheral

Which of the following best describes the raison d'être of the United Nations when it was founded?

promotion of world peace

With which of the following is the concept of moksha LEAST associated? -cremation -reincarnation -karma -Hinduism -The Ganges -puja -Varanasi

puja

The raison d'être of the EEC between 1957 and 1967 is best characterized as:

reduction of trade barriers

Historian Lynn White, Jr. addressed the relationship between -tradition and change -religion and the environment -primary and secondary hearths -sacred places and civil religion -pilgrimage and sacred space

religion and the enviroment

Which of the following terms would be most associated with American Indian religious traditions that prohibit the killing of more deer than can be used by the family or group? -moksha -religious ecology -puja -geopiety

religious ecology

Which type of diffusion creates ethnic patterns? -hierarchical -contagious -stimuluus -relocation

relocation

A significant proportion of Italian immigrants to New York City in the early 1900s stayed only a few years before going back to Italy. This is an example of: -cultural maladaptation -cultural preadaptation -return migration -cultural simplification -relocation diffusion

return migration

The Algerian terrorist group, Front de Liberation Nationale, was an example of a _________ terrorist -organization. -revolutionary -religious -separatist -single-issue

revolutionary

When Osama bin Laden formed al-Qaeda in 1988 it was initially a _________ terrorist organization focused on expelling Soviet forces from Afghanistan. -separatist -religious -single-issue -revolutionary

revolutionary

The Basque group, Euskadi Ta Azkatasuna, is best classified as _________ terrorist organization. -separatist -single-issue -revolutionary -religious

separatist

Which of the following is NOT one of the four states classified by the U.S. Department of State as state-sponsors of terrorism? -Syria -Iran -Somalia -Sudan -Cuba

somalia

Which of the following religious concepts does the photo of Eklutna Cemetery best provide landscape evidence of? -renewalism -Jihad -religious ecology -pilgrimage -syncretism

syncretism

Which of the following is NOT one of the two specialized agencies of the UN mentioned in your text?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The Hispano (Spanish-American) homeland centers on which U.S. state? -Florida -New York -New Mexico -New Jersey -Utah

New mexico

Which continent does the Heartland Theory recognize as the most likely base from which to launch a successful campaign of global conquest? -Africa -Australia -South America -North America -Eurasia (Europe and Asia)

Eurasia (Europe and Asia)

Which of the following, in terms of population, is over-represented on the UN Security Council?

Europe

(T/F) According to UN rules, forces for United Nations peacekeeping operations can be drawn only from current members of the UN Security Council.

False

(T/F) If no new states are admitted before the United Kingdom exits the European Union, the loss of the UK will leave the EU with a total of 21 members states.

False

Acadiana, the name of the contemporary Cajun homeland, centers on which U.S. state? -Louisiana -Maine -Florida -Missouri -Alabama

Louisiana

What British scholar developed the Heartland Theory? -Darwin -Mackinder -Sherwood -Hartshorne -Huntington

Mackinder

The adoption by an ethnic individual of enough of the ways of the host society to be able to function economically and socially is called: -acculturation -assimilation -miscegenation -integration -ethnogenesis

NOT INTEGRATION OR ETHOGENESIS OR ASSIMILATION

In 1818, John Peck decided to leave his Kentucky farm for potential opportunities west of the Mississippi. After settling in Missouri in 1820, he communicated by mail with his family and friends back in Kentucky. In 1821 seven acquaintances and their families migrated to his locale in Missouri. A year later 24 more families migrated to John's vicinity from his old home county in Kentucky. Which concept does this illustrate? -forced migration -return migration -chain migration -step migration

chain migration

The distinctive, spicy cuisine of Singapore, called "nonya," is the result of a blending of traditional Malay and _________ cuisines.

chinese

Select the term that is most associated with the 1954 insertion of the prepositional phrase, "under God" into the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance. -geopiety -civil religion -religious ecology -environmental stewardship

civil religion

The domino theory was used to justify the United States policy known as: -deterritorialization -Lebensraum -the Heartland Theory -containment

containment

The Arab Spring uprisings of 2011 were among the first major political revolts in which digital technologies, namely cell phones and social networks, were used to organize activity. Which of the following concepts does this best illustrate? -domino theory -fault line -deterritorialization -terrorism -containment

deterritorialization

Ethnic groceries, house coloration, saunas, and Chinatown arches are all examples of. -ethnic homelands -ethnic substrates -ethnic neighborhoods -ethnic flags -ethnic islands

ethnic flags

What is the term for a group of people who share a common ancestry and cultural tradition, often living as a minority in a larger society? -insurgency -host culture -ethnic substrate -racial minority -ethnic group

ethnic group

What is the term for a sizeable area inhabited by an ethnic minority that exhibits a strong sense of attachment to the region and often exercises some measure of political and social control over it? -ghetto -ethnic substrate -ethnic homeland -ethnic island -ethnic neighborhood

ethnic homeland

What is the term for a small rural area with a discernible ethnic identity? -ethnic substrate -ethnic island -ethnic neighborhood -ethnic homeland -ghetto

ethnic island

What is the term for a region that contains some distinct traces of an ethnic group that has assimilated? -ethnic homeland -ethnic island -ghetto -ethnic substrate -ethnic neighborhood

ethnic substrate

Which of the following was an important premise of the Heartland Theory? -Gaining total control of enemy airspace would always be the earliest objective of any land-based invasion. -The movement of foodstuffs and fuel from the periphery of the Eurasian landmass to the interior would be cost-prohibitive to support an invasion of the Heartland. -Sea power was capable of surrounding any land-based power with a naval blockade, thus rendering land-based powers helpless. -The upsetting of the existing balance of power would allow a state or combination of states to achieve world domination.

the upsetting of the existing balance of power would allow a state or combination of states to achieve world domination