GEOG 1303 Exam #1

The emphasis on participation in participatory development came about in reaction to a history of ___________ development projects that left local people with little to no sense of ownership of the projects undertaken by outsiders in their communities.

top-down

A name of a place, or place-name, is referred to as a:

toponym

Fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by geographers in the 21st century.

true

Gulags were remote prison labor camps located in remote regions such as Siberia.

true

Language and religion in Europe are spatially connected

true

New mosques and madrasas are being built in Russia, but fears of political separatists in Chechnya and Dagestan have created state limits on their construction.

true

Russia has the largest reserves of natural gas in the world

true

Russia is nearly twice the size of the United States.

true

Russia's male life expectancy is lower than female life expectancy, largely because of higher rates of alcoholism, accidents, AIDS, and suicide.

true

T-Shirt Travels demonstrates how a simple act of kindness, donating your old T-shirts to the Salvation Army or Goodwill, has resulted in undermining the textile industry in Zambia and other African countries where imported secondhand clothing is more popular than locally made clothing.

true

The Opium War (1839-1842) between Great Britain and China originated when the Chinese banned opium sales in China due to public health concerns. However, Britain's main concern was the huge trade deficit it was running with China.

true

The World Bank was initially created to provide loans for reconstruction and development following World War II.

true

Today, geographers no longer espouse environmental determinism, seeing it as a vast oversimplification of the world.

true

Unequal exchange occurs when laborers in one country produce a good receiving low wages and then the good is processed through a commodity chain incorporating shipping and marketing and is sold at a relatively high value.

true

Treeless and swampy conditions typify which climate region?

tundra

The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as:

urban hierarchies.

According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more?

10 %

In 2014, scientists estimated that what percentage of the air pollution in Los Angeles, California, actually originated in China?

12 to 24 percent

The Ural Mountains possess similarities to the:

Appalachians.

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)?

Economies were focused on tourism.

More than 50 percent of Europeans are fluent in a second language, and the most common is:

English

What does the term Scramble for Africa refer to?

European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second-largest continent among themselves.

Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked?

Luxembourg and Switzerland

The modern era in Russia began in the 1700s when the capital was moved to the new city of:

St. Petersburg

From the 1500s until 1918, what title did the rulers of Russia use?

Tsar

The terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of:

cultural landscape

Many urban dwellers today, especially in cities like Moscow, spend their weekends in:

dachas

Church attendance has grown in which region of Europe during the past 25 years?

eastern europe

As a result of environmental scrutiny from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), what does the World Bank require for World Bank-sponsored projects?

environmental impact statements

The map of world religions demonstrates the role of ______________ diffusion of ideas

expansion

The national identity of Belarus people since independence in 1991 is strong and vibrant.

false

A climate region of the world is a ________________ region.

formal region

Many people of the Islamic faith have become residents of Europe, especially from:

former colonies of Europe

A public school district in the United States is a _________________ region.

functional

Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage?

hegemon

In the 1400s, Russian leader Ivan III exerted greater territorial control toward the east by pushing out the:

mongols

Which of the following was not a driving force behind the Bretton Woods conference?

national defense

The first wave of Islam arrived in Europe with the Moors in Spain, followed by eastern Europe with the rise of the:

ottoman empire

The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to:

place

Land reclaimed from the seas and wetlands in the Netherlands is called:

polders

Development ideas that emphasize structure, or the global framework under which countries operate, say that the _______ between countries are as or more important than internal policies for determining the future development of a country.

relationships

Lake Baikal is the deepest lake on earth. It is part of a:

rift valley

Relative locations of places are shown on what type of map?

thematic

Which of the following is not one of the leading fair trade products?

tobacco

A high-pressure system over the Atlantic causes the climate of much of Europe to be:

warmer

The perception of place refers to a way people construct their ideas about:

what a place is like

Which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semiperiphery, and periphery?

world-systems theory

In Kazakhstan, the Kazak people account for about ___________ percent of the population.

60

_________ is the subdiscipline of geography concerned with the construction of maps.

Cartography

Since 2005, oil and gas exports from Central Asia have been redirected from Russia to:

China

Why do some scholars think China will supersede the United States as the dominant world superpower?

China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world

Starting in 1928 under Stalin, what did major land reforms in agriculture utilize?

Collectivization

The flow of migrants from Eastern Europe to Western Europe was precipitated by the end of the Cold War and:

EU expansion

The three major language groups in Europe are:

Germanic, Romance, Slavic

What is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere?

Haiti

Which of the following is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of World War II?

International Reserve Bank

What is the significance of the Brundtland Commission Report of 1987?

It defined and popularized sustainable development.

Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system?

It had a global reach.

Which of the following is not a criticism of weak sustainable development?

It requires reconceptualizing development as a process that does not include increasing consumption.

Three major reformers of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century were Martin Luther, John Calvin, and:

Jan Hus

Globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in the Maghreb, and the _____________ in the Pacific.

Japanese

Which area was used by the Soviet Union for testing nuclear explosives, negatively affecting the habitat?

Kazakhstan

After World War II, _______ was formed to stop the growing influence of the Soviet Union.

NATO

What is the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the United Kingdom, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power?

The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized.

Which of the following is the most remote place in the world (in terms of the number of people who live far from a city of 50,000 or more)?

The Tibetan Plateau

What was the reasoning behind the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs to promote free trade?

The World Trade Organization was interested in expanding its authority.

We often perceive regions to exist even though we have never been to them. A strong example of regional perception in the United States is:

The south

Which of the following is a humid continental climate region that is well suited for growing crops?

Ukraine and western Russia

As in much of eastern Europe, Christianity came to Russia in the tenth century and was made the official religion by:

Vladimir the Great.

The world climate regions as classified and defined by _______________ and modified by Alan Arbogast may be used to denote regions.

Wladimir Koppen

What does the North Atlantic Drift affect?

climate

The Holodomor in 1932 and 1933 created a long-lasting hatred of Stalin and Russia by the Ukrainians. What is the Holodom

closing of all Ukrainian schools

What is the leading fair trade product?

coffee

Since the end of the Cold War, the residences in the city center of Prague have:

declined in number.

During the Soviet era, people were __________________ to live in the northern zones.

encouraged

Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to:

enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others.

According to world system theorists, Rostow's stages of economic growth will occur, thanks to a set of exploitative relationships between more developed and least developed

false

By informal agreement, the president of the World Bank is always a European and the president of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is always an American.

false

Social, political, or intellectual context often has no bearing on the theories and ideas that are popular at a certain time.

false

Unlike much of Europe and Japan, the population of Russia is growing.

false

Wealth generated by economic growth is usually spread across a population evenly.

false

Geographers often describe the nature of economies in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities. Which of the following is not part of secondary activities

fishing

Improvements in a country's natural resource base often ________ development.

further

The northern plains of Europe found in Finland, Germany, Poland, Holland, and elsewhere were formed by

glaciers

Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries?

globalization

The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as:

glocalization.

Several components in the atmosphere are responsible for the greenhouse effect, including water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. Collectively, these are known as:

greenhouse gases

The __________ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the statistic tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world.

gross national income

The origin or place that a new good or service is initially produced is referred to as the:

hearth

In general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel-efficient vehicles:

in response to a significant increase in gasoline prices.

What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century?

industrialization

The USSR was officially a centrally planned economy under communism, but a free market economy survived as part of the:

informal economy

Incoming solar radiation that influence temperatures is called:

insolation

What influences the climate of North and Central Eurasia?

latitude

The peninsula of Europe is part of the Eurasian continent. It does not have its own _____________ plate.

lithospheric

Geographers recognize the power of the content of national policies or the behavior of multinational companies to influence events and a wide range of global issues. What are these influencers called?

local actors

According to the Globalization and World Cities Study, which of the following is the most important world city in Europe?

london

One method of finding absolute location on a map is by using:

longitude and latitude

Which of the following is not one of the most common measurements of wealth?

purchasing power

A transportation network that favors movement to and from a central point or location, such as a capital city to a residential area, is known as what type of network?

radial

The Industrial Revolution spread from ___________ into Europe.

russia

Multiple regions exist within a large area such as Africa (West Africa, East Africa, etc.). This is an example of the importance of _____________ in the study of regions.

scale

What is the characteristic of the steppe climate commonly found in the region around the southern Volga River?

semiarid

An isostatic rebound refers to land:

sinking

Nearly all of North and Central Eurasia are tied together in the twentieth century through the history of the:

soviet union

Geography is the study of people, place, environment and :

space

What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to?

space

What is the degree of contact between people and places?

spatial-temporal connectivity

Most of the countries of Central Asia in the twentieth century were part of:

the Soviet Union

The Urals divide the glaciated east European plain from:

the West Siberian plain.