geography ch 3 quiz

Silicates have the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron as their structural unit. are a major component of continental crust. are classified on the basis of how the tetrahedrons join and share oxygen atoms. are a huge category of minerals and include the common minerals quartz and feldspar. All the possible answers are correct.

All the possible answers are correct.

What do mica and graphite have in common? Both are silicate minerals. Both have three directions of cleavage. Both are semiprecious stones. Both break in one preferential direction. Both react with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to "fizz" (bubble and produce carbon dioxide).

Both break in one preferential direction.

Why are cleavage and habit often confused? They both exhibit an identical and otherwise unique pattern when examined by X-ray diffraction. They both relate to the chemical destruction of minerals. They are both terms for conchoidal fracture. Both are exhibited strongly by sulfides but not other mineral families. Both can result in a mineral crystal having planar sides.

Both can result in a mineral crystal having planar sides.

Calcite and halite both have one direction of cleavage.

false (3)

For which of the following reasons is the methane within natural gas not a mineral? It's naturally occurring. There may have been biological processes involved in its formation. It has a specific composition. It is formed by geologic processes. It lacks a crystalline structure.

It lacks a crystalline structure.

Which of these statements is the most accurate statement about conchoidal fracture? It occurs in minerals that have one to three directions of cleavage. Halite has conchoidal fracture. Only carbonates and sulfates can have conchoidal fracture. Jewelers who are faceting diamonds attempt to find and break diamonds in conchoidal patterns. Mineral crystals that break in curved surfaces are exhibiting conchoidal fracture.

It occurs in minerals that have one to three directions of cleavage.

Identify the FALSE statement: There is an angle of 120° between each crystal face of the hexagonal column of a quartz crystal. Crystals can be a variety of geometric shapes, including cubes, trapezoids, pyramids, octahedrons, hexagons, columns, blades, needles, and obelisks. Negative ions (cations) have more protons than electrons; positive ions (anions) have more electrons than protons. The faces of a crystal need not be the same size throughout the crystal, but the angle of intersection between comparable faces is the same throughout. Crystals have symmetry.

Negative ions (cations) have more protons than electrons; positive ions (anions) have more electrons than protons.

Identify the FALSE statement: Diamonds are brought from the mantle to the surface in magma that hardens into kimberlite. are brought through the crust in large carrot-shaped structures called pegmatites. of industrial quality are used as abrasives. that have weathered out of ore bodies can end up in stream gravels. have been found in South Africa, India, northwest Canada, and the Rocky Mountains in the United States.

are brought through the crust in large carrot-shaped structures called pegmatites.

Identify the FALSE statement: Crystals have an orderly internal arrangement of atoms patterned as if attached to an imaginary framework called a crystal lattice. grow outward from a seed. are formed by the high-temperature, extremely rapid process known as solid-state diffusion. display symmetry. cause X-ray diffraction.

are formed by the high-temperature, extremely rapid process known as solid-state diffusion.

Calcite is a mineral that can constitute oyster shells, and, in such cases, is an example of which method of mineral formation? solidification of a melt precipitation from a solution solid-state diffusion biomineralization fumerolic mineralization

biomineralization

An unknown mineral sample can be scratched by a copper penny and will scratch the penny. It reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas. Which of the following could it be? calcite fluorite talc gypsum None of the above.

calcite

The tendency of a mineral to break and produce smooth, curving shell-shaped surfaces is termed luster. fibrous fracture. conchoidal fracture. streak. perfect cleavage.

conchoidal fracture

There are two physical properties of minerals that both result in smooth, flat surfaces with specific angles between them. The first property is the result of how the mineral forms; the second is the result of breaking a sample of the mineral. These properties are called hardness and cleavage. cleavage and hardness. crystal habit and cleavage. cleavage and crystal habit. crystal habit and hardness.

crystal habit and cleavage

Which is NOT a physical property commonly used in the lab or field to identify minerals? color streak luster diffraction specific gravity

diffraction

A geode is filled with anhedral crystals on its walls. True False

false

All precious and semiprecious stones must be transparent. True False

false

Color and cleavage are two very useful physical properties used to identify quartz. True False

false

Facets are created by jeweler's and exploit directions of weakness that exist because of crystalline structure. True False

false

The energy of various crystals has been shown by scientists to improve human health. True False

false

The mineral bronze is produced when humans melt copper and tin together. True False

false

Which pair of minerals listed below are polymorphs? calcite and dolomite quartz and halite graphite and mica diamond and topaz graphite and diamond

graphite and diamond

Which of the following is a mineral? amber (tree sap) ice sugar (formula C6H12O6) ivory (from animal tusks) coral (from reefs)

ice

Identify the FALSE statement: Formation of table salt is, in mineralogic terms, formation of the halide halite. takes place when a solution has become saturated. is an example of solidification of a melt. needs a seed crystal to begin. results in cubic crystals.

is an example of solidification of a melt.

Which of these is a special property that is NOT useful in differentiating most minerals from one another? cleavage streak hardness habit magnetism

magnetism

Which of the following is NOT a mineral? glacial ice, because ice isn't a rocky material salt, because it's not crystalline a gold nugget, because it's a native metal pyrite, because it's a chemical compound oil, because it's a liquid, not a solid

oil, because it's a liquid, not a solid

An unknown mineral scratches glass, has only average specific gravity, and shows no cleavage but does show conchoidal fracture. Which of the following could it be? quartz talc halite mica galena

quartz

Which of the following groups of silicate minerals exhibits a single strong cleavage in one direction? framework silicates sheet silicates independent tetrahedra silicates single-chain silicates double-chain silicates

sheet silicates

Which mineral group composes more than 95% of the minerals of the continental crust? carbonates sulfates sulfides silicates sulfates and sulfides when considered as one group

silicates

When you scrape a mineral along a ceramic plate to observe the color of its powder, you are checking the physical property known as streak. luster. cleavage. specific gravity. fracture.

streak

The expression 24 karat must mean that you're talking about the biggest diamond ever found. the gemstone is flawed by impurities. there are 24 cleavage planes present. the gold is 100% pure. the gold weighs 24 ounces.

the gold is 100% pure.

Graphite is the polymorph of galena. harder than glass. pure silicon. the lead in the pencil you write with. composed of carbon atoms, arranged as tetrahedrons, and held together with strong covalent bonds.

the lead in the pencil you write with.

A mineral can exist in a crystal lattice framework or as glass, an amorphous solid.

true

Examples of precious stones are diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds; examples of semiprecious stones are aquamarines, garnets, topaz, and tourmaline. True False

true

Glass is not a mineral because it doesn't have crystal lattice structure.

true

Gold and copper can both be found as native metals. True False

true

Ice crystals form by solidification of a melt. True False

true

Mica peels apart in parallel sheets because the chemical bonds between sheets are weak and the chemical bonds within sheets are strong.

true

Minerals generally can be destroyed by heating, dissolution or other chemical reaction. True False

true

Ore minerals are often sulfides and oxides of metallic elements. True False

true

The Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., is exceptional because in addition to being the subject of legends and curses, it is a blue diamond. True False

true