Geography Ch.1

According to a 2008 European Commission study, what % of the world's population is more than two days' travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more?

10%

Globalization of the world's people and places began at about:

1500

The greenhouse effect keeps the Earth at a livable temperature. About how many degrees Fahrenheit (33 degrees Celsius) cooler would Earth be without the greenhouse effect?

60

As a result of environmental scrutiny from nongovernmental organizations, what does the World Bank now require for World Bank-sponsored projects?

Environmental impact statements

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following was not true of the first wave?

Europeans colonized the interior of Africa.

Research in new regional geography sees regions as:

Human constructs

Early European colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system?

It had a global reach.

Globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in the Maghreb, and the ______ in the Pacific.

Japanese

Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked?

Luxembourg and Switzerland

During the Age of Exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture?

Mediterranean

Political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. What are the countries and centuries of these four hegemons?

Spain-1500s, the Netherlands-1600s, Great Britian- 1700s and 1800s, the United States- 1900s

What was the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (US, France, Britian, Russia, and China) with permanent seats and veto power?

The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized.

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the second wave (1825-...)?

The power of first wave colonizers grew even stronger

Relative locations of places are shown on what type of map?

Thematic

All maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. They are all inaccurate.

True

Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to:

enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others.

Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making exporting

expensive

Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points?

hub-and-spoke system

Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe > Africa > the Americas > Europe, within the foundations of the capitalized world economy.

manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.)

In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was:

need for resources and tribute

Modern colonialism began in 15th century Europe. It was different from the Roman or any other preceding empire because the focus of the era was specifically on gaining:

power

What aspect of climate change most concerns scientists connected with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?

the extent to which human activity causes it

Which of the following describes the process that accelerates the speed of time and reduces the significance of distance using networks?

time-space compression

Ideas and goods diffuse from the hearth:

to other places most connected with the hearth.

The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as:

urban hierarchies

The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as:

Glocalization

Nations within countries are not granted representation in the UN, making it difficult for these groups to gain independence. Some examples include the Kurds of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria; the Tibetians of China; and the Basques of Spain and France.

True

Geographers recognize the power of individuals to affect a wide range of issues, such as the content of national policies or the behavior of multinational companies. The ability of individuals to impact broader scale issues is often referred to as:

agency

The influence of human behavior on Earth since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era called the:

anthropocene

What is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials?

by sea

Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across state boundaries?

globalization