GEOL 122 LAB 5
What type and sedimentary environment does Sandstone with fossils belong to?
Clastic rocks, Lagoon
What three major categories are sedimentary rocks grouped into?
1. clastic (detrital) 2. biologic 3. chemical
What is the delta plain a mixture of?
A mixture of sand (delta front) and mud(prodelta)
Why is quartz the most abundant mineral in clastic sedimentary rocks?
Because it is resistant to mechanical weathering and chemical weathering
What are two examples of carbonate shelves?
Bermuda and Reefs
What type and sedimentary environment does Coal belong to?
Biochemical rock, Deltaic sediments
What type and sedimentary environment does Shale belong to?
Clastic Rocks, Basin sediments
What kind of rocks can be deposited in high-energy river channels?
Conglomerate rocks
What are stream deposits called?
Fluvial deposits
What kind of rocks can be deposited in slow meandering rivers?
Muds
What are the most common sediment types found in lagoons?
Muds with large fossils
What is the typical component of beach sands?
Quartz, the most durable of common minerals
What are two common chemical sedimentary rocks?
Rock salt and gypsum
What are Eolian Sediments?
Sediments carried by the wind
What are Estuarine and Lagoon Sediments?
Sediments in a semi-enclosed body of water where seawater is diluted with fresh water (mouths of rivers)
What are the two non-marine sedimentary environments?
Stream Sediments and Eolian Sediments
What are source areas and source terrains?
The locations from which the particles in the rock were derived, determine the composition of the particles
What determines the classification of a rock?
The size, shape, and sorting of the particles determine the classification of the rock
How are sedimentary rocks classified?
Their composition and texture
Where do Chemical Sedimentary rocks form?
These rocks usually form in lakes or shallow seas where circulation is poor and evaporation is high.
How are Eolian sediments different from other processes?
These sediments tend to be finer than sediments moved by other processes
What are Carbonate Shelves?
They are an accumulation of carbonate biogenic sediments on continental shelves
What are Clastic or detrital sedimentary rocks composed of?
They are composed of particles of older rocks
What are Chemical sedimentary rocks and how do they form?
They are crystalline and form as a result of the precipitation of ions from water, typicaly due to evaporation
What are Basin Sediments?
They are fine grained sediment, carried in suspension to form shales and mudstones
What are barrier islands?
They are long accumulations of sediments which are parallel to the coast and separated from it
What are Biological sedimentary rocks made of?
They are made up of particles of biologic origin
Where are Deltaic sediments most common?
They are most common in passive tectonic settings
What do Deltaic sediments represent?
They represent a complex interaction of riverine and marine processes
What do streams principally do?
They transport sediments across the land
What type and sedimentary environment does Bioclastic limestone belong to?
biochemical rock, carbonate shelves
What type and sedimentary environment does Fossiliferous limestone belong to?
clastic or detrital sedimentary rocks, carbonate shelf
What type and sedimentary environment does Sandstone belong to?
clastic rocks, barrier islands
What type and sedimentary environment does Finer Grain Sandstone belong to
clastic rocks, basin sediments
What type and sedimentary environment does Conglomerate belong to?
clastic rocks, river (stream sediments)
What type and sedimentary environment does Sand belong to?
no type, desert
What four constituents are the vast majority of sedimentary rocks composed of?
quartz, calcite, clays, and rock fragments
