Geology 1500 Exam 2

Undercutting of a sea-side cliff will most likely cause what kind of mass movement? A. Creep B. Solifluction C. Sinkhole D. Rock Fall E. Avalanche

D. Rock Fall

What kind of fault is least likely to produce a tsunami? A. Normal Fault B. Reverse Fault C. Thrust Fault D. Strike-Slip Fault

D. Strike-Slip Fault

Which of the following is not true of P-waves generated by an earthquake? A. They travel through solids, liquids, and gases B. They travel the fastest of the energy waves C. They are the first to be recorded by a seismometer D. They are compressional waves E. They are surface waves

D. They are compressional waves

Large volcanoes that have a low, broad shape and are made of successive flows of low viscosity lava are called A. Stratovolcanoes B. Shield Volcanoes C. Cinder Cones D. Ignimbrites E. Composite Volcanoes

B. Shield Volcanoes

A large circular depression created by the collapse of a volcano into the drained magma chamber is known as a A. Caldera B. Flank Vent C. Crater D. Fissure E. Conduit

A. Caldera

An eroded granite covered by flat-lying sedimentary rocks is an example of a(n) A. Nonconformity B. Disconformity C. Inclusion D. Angular Unconformity E. Marker Bed

A. Nonconformity

Which type of structure would most likely form in a rift zone (from extensional stress)? A. Normal Fault B. Reverse Fault C. Left Lateral Strike-Slip Fault D. Dome E. Monocline

A. Normal Fault

Avalanches of dense, hot ash and gas that rush down the sides of a volcano during an eruption are called A. Pyroclastic Flows B. Lahars C. Pahoehoe D. Tephra E. Tsunamis

A. Pyroclastic Flows

The average time between successive earthquake events along a given fault is called a A. Recurrence Interval B. Seismic Gap C. Seismic Zone D. S-P Time E. Moment Magnitude

A. Recurrence Interval

Folds that have a trough-shape with limbs that dip toward the hinge are called A. Synclines B. Domes C. Anticlines D. Horsts E. Slickensides

A. Synclines

Which of the following is not a slope stabilization technique? A. Undercutting B. Terracing C. Revegetation D. Channel Diversion E. Installation of Riprap

A. Undercutting

In this image, we know that sedimentary unit A is older than sedimentary unit B because of the principle of A. Original Horizontality B. Superposition C. Uniformitarianism D. Lateral Continuity E. Inclusions

B. Superposition

Underwater avalanches of suspended sediments are called A. Subaqueous Avalanches B. Turbidity Currents C. Lahars D. Debris Avalanches E. Liquefaction

B. Turbidity Currents

What type of grains are going to have the steepest angle of repose when piled? A. Fine, Angular, and Dry B. Coarse, Angular, and Dry C. Coarse, Rounded, and Wet D. Fine, Rounded, and Wet E. Fine, Angular, and Wet

B. Coarse, Angular, and Dry

Which of the following is a method of numerical dating? A. Igneous Intrusions B. Dendrochronology (tree rings) C. Fossil Succession D. Unconformities E. Stratigraphic Columns

B. Dendrochronology (tree rings)

Put the geologic time segments in order from longest to shortest A. Eras, Eons, Periods, Epochs B. Eons, Eras, Periods, Epochs C. Epochs, Periods, Eras, Eons D. Periods, Eras, Epochs, Eons E. Eras, Epochs, Eons, Periods

B. Eons, Eras, Periods, Epochs

The point within the Earth at which the rock starts to break and slip on a fault is called the ___ of an earthquake A. Epicenter B. Focus C. Stress D. Body Wave E. Intensity

B. Focus

Which geologic time segment is known as the Age of Dinosaurs? A. Cambrian Period B. Mesozoic Era C. Proterozoic Eon D. Cenozoic Era E. Miocene Epoch

B. Mesozoic Era

A type of fault that occurs when the hanging-wall block moves up and over the footwall block at a steep angle is called a A. Normal Fault B. Reverse Fault C. Thrust Fault D. Strike-Slip Fault E. Inactive Fault

B. Reverse Fault

A different version of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called A. Radioactive B. Stable C. An Isotope D. The Daughter E. The Parent

C. An Isotope

Hot, thin, runny lava flows with low silica content are typically A. Rhyolitic B. Andesitic C. Basaltic D. Pyroclastic E. Plinian

C. Basaltic

Which of the following would result from the same sense of stress and likely to be found together? A. Anticlines and Normal Faults B. Domes and Rifts C. Basins and Domes D. Strike-Slip faults and Synclines E. Reverse Faults and Grabens

C. Basins and Domes

What does strain mean to a geologist? A. Amount of pressure on a rock B. Amount of stress on a rock C. Change in shape of a rock D. Change in compression of a rock E. Tension on a rock

C. Change in shape of a rock

Which feature distinguishes the different types of faults? A. Direction of Erosion B. Age of Rock C. Direction of Movement D. Depth of Rock E. Location of Joints

C. Direction of Movement

What term is used to identify the length of time it takes for 50% of the parent isotopes to decay to daughter isotopes? A. Radioactivity B. Alpha-Decay C. Half-Life D. Closure Time E. Productivity

C. Half-Life

Sand volcanoes are surface expressions of A. Landslides B. Tsunamis C. Liquefaction D. Fault Displacement E. Firestorms

C. Liquefaction

What feature would be considered a plane of weakness within a sequence of sedimentary rocks? A. Exfoliation Surface B. Foliation C. A Shale Bed D. A Dike E. A Sill

C. Shale Bed

"The present is the key to the past" best describes the principle of A. Original Horizontality B. Superposition C. Uniformitarianism D. Lateral Continuity E. Inclusions

C. Uniformitarianism

A mud flow created by the mixing of volcanic ash with meteoric water or melting snow and ice is called A. An Avalanche B. A Slump C. A Debris Avalanche D. A Lahar E. Solifluction

D. A Lahar

Mountains are currently forming in all of the following tectonic situations EXCEPT A. Continental Rift B. Subduction Zones C. Where two continents are colliding D. Continental Cratons E. Convergent-Plate Boundaries

D. Continental Cratons

Yellowstone is a classic example of which type of volcanism? A. Continental Rift B. Mid-Ocean Ridge C. Convergent Volcanic Arc D. Continental Hot Spot E. Island Arc

D. Continental Hot Spot

A plate boundary where shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes all occur is most likely a A. Divergent Boundary B. Continental Rift Zone C. Transform Fault D. Convergent-Plate Boundary E. Mid-Ocean Ridge

D. Convergent-Plate Boundary

Effusive eruptions occur when magma is A. Water Rich B. High in Volatiles C. Cool D. Low in Viscosity E. Rhyolitic

D. Low in Viscosity

The largest mountain in the Solar System, called Olympus Mons, is an enormous shield volcano on A. Venus B. Saturn C. Jupiter D. Mars E. Earth's Moon

D. Mars

Engineered structures for slope stability include all of the following except A. Rock bolts B. Retaining walls C. Riprap D. Avalanche Shed E. Barrier Island

E. Barrier Island

Which type of mass movement has very slow, but constant movement intimately related to the freeze-thaw cycle? A. Landslide B. Slump C. Mud Flow D. Rock Fall E. Creep

E. Creep

Which of the following is true? A. Stress is the reaction to strain B. Forces are described as stress per unit area C. Tension occurs when rocks are squeezed D. Shear strain develops when rocks are pulled apart E. Pressure refers to an object feeling the same stress on all sides

E. Pressure refers to an object feeling the same stress on all sides

Which of the following is NOT a product of effusive, Hawaiian-type eruptions? A. Lava Tubes B. A'A' Lava C. Pillows D. Pahoehoe Lava E. Rhyolite Domes

E. Rhyolite Domes

Which of the following is false? A. Stress causes strain B. Warmer rocks tend to deform plastically C. A sudden change in shape creates breaking D. The composition of rocks affects the way they deform E. Rocks break under high pressure

E. Rocks break under high pressure

A fault moving one block horizontally with respect to the other with no up-and-down motion is called A. Oblique Slip B. Normal C. Reverse D. Thrust E. Strike Slip

E. Strike Slip