GEOLOGY FINAL

When was the mid-ocean ridge first discovered? a. 1870s b. 1901 c. 1960 d. 1963 e. 2003`

A. 1870s

What is a scientific theory? a. a known b. a guess c. the result of an expirement d. a proposed idea

A. A known

Which is created by a collapsing volcano after an eruption? a. caldera b. crater c. landslide d. vent

A. Caldera

Which region in the earth is the lightest (has the materials with the lowest density)? a. crust b. mantle c. outer core d. inner core

A. Crust

Igneous rocks that contain 75% silica, are poor in iron, and are light colored are referred ti as being: a. felsic b. intermediate c. mafic d. volcanic

A. Felsic

How can plate speed be calculated? a. Hot spots b. tree roots c. mountain building d. a and c e. all the above

A. Hot spots

What is the MOST abundant element in the crust of the earth? a. oxygen b. silicon c. carbon d. iron

A. Oxygen

The lower limestone is a. reef b. lagoon that is shallow and muddy c. beach d. delta that is sandy e. wetland and swamp that is muddy and plant-rich

A. Reef

As a magma cools its chemical composition changes. a. true b. false

A. True

Basaltic lava flows indicate that central Southern California was a divergent plate boundary over a million years ago. A. True B. False

A. True

Diamonds are one of several gemstones that will scratch glass. a true b. false

A. True

Size of an atom can play a role in the substitution of one element for another. A. true B. false

A. True

Subduction CANNOT occur when: a. continental crust collides with continental crust b. ocean crust collides with ocean crust c. ocean crust collides with continental crust d. both b and C

A. continental crust collides with continental crust

The process by which an originally homogeneous earth developed a dense core and a light crust is called? a. differentiation b. metamorphism c. accretion d. compression

A. differentiation

The oldest rocks int he Atlantic Ocean are found: a. directly off the coast of Morocco and the eastern United States b. at the spreading ridge c. at the subjecting trench off Morocco d. off the coast of iceland

A. directly off the coast of Morocco and the eastern United States

The most dangerous volcanoes are those that have ______. a. High gas pressure and high viscosity b. low gas pressure and high viscosity c. high gas pressure and low viscosity d. low gas pressure and low viscosity

A. high gas pressure and high viscosity

Why is the moon 1/8th the size of the earth but only 1/50th the mass? a. it is composed of earths surface rocks b. its composed of earths inner rocks c. it is composed of a stony asteroid d. it is composed of iron steroids

A. it is composed of earths surface rocks

Bedding is formed in.... a. sedimentary rocks b. igneous rocks c. metamorphic rocks d. minerals

A. sedimentary rocks

The more angular a grain of sediment is than the ___ a. shorter distance traveled b. greater distance it traveled c. the softer the mineral is d. neither a or b as shape does not factor into transportation distance

A. shorter distance it traveled

When compared to the oldest continental rocks, the oldest rocks not he ocean floor are: a. significantly younger b. significantly older c. from the same age d. slightly older

A. significantly younger

Cinder cones like paricutin show that volcanoes can literally appear in a matter of days. a. true b. false

A. true

Earthquake depth varies with the plate boundary setting. a. true b. false

A.True

The eastern seaboard of the United States is an example of ____ a. an ocean crust colliding with continental crust resulting in subduction b. a passive margin c. a large, tectonic uplift forming the a mountain chain (Appalachian) d. a transform setting

B. A passive margin

What type of lava is most likely to erupt at a mid-ocean ridge? a. andesite b. basalt c. ehyolite d. all are equally likely

B. Basalt

Which two rocks are made up of the same minerals? a/ Granite and andesite b. granite and rhyolite c. andesite and gabbro d. basalt and granite

B. Granite and Rhyolite

Why doesn't granite subduct? a. it is too dense b. it is too light c. it is only found at volcanoes d. it is never found on the surface

B. It is too light

Which of the following volcanoes is NOT associated with a convergent plate boundary? a. Mt. Unzen, Japan b. Kilauea, Hawaii c. Mt. Rainier, Washington state, USA d. Mt. Pinatubo, Phillipines

B. Kilauea, Hawaii

The muddy shale is a a. reef b. lagoon that is shallow and muddy c. beach d. delta that is sandy e. wetland abd swamp that is muddy and plant-rich

B. Lagoon that is shallow and muddy

Which region is where you find convection cells? a. crust b. mantle c. outer core d. inner core

B. Mantle

Which volcano is it better to live by? a. Mt. Rainier b. Mt Shasta c. Yellowstone

B. Mt shasta

Ripple marks form because of a ______ a. directional current in a river b. oscillating current by the shoreline c. lahar being generated by a volcanic eruption d. landslide down a steep slope e. strong wind flow up a slope

B. Oscillating current by shoreline

What is the name for a group of minerals with the same chemical composition but with a different crystal structure? a. monochrome b. polymorph c. trichrome d. polycentric

B. Polymorph

What mineral would you not fine in granite? a. quartz b. sodium c. potassium. feldspar d. plagioclase feldspar e. false, all the above are in granite

B. Sodium

What is bathymetry? a. the study of mountains b. the study of sea floor contours c. the study of volcanoes d. the study of minerals

B. The study of sea floor contours

An example of of a double-chain silicate is a. olivine b. amphibole c. mica d. pyroxene

B. amphibole

What is an isotope? a. an element with a different number of electrons b. an element with a different number of neutrons c. an element with extra protons d. the basic building block of elements

B. an element with a different number of neutrons

Moon likely formed from ____ a. a large impact to the earth b. away from the earth and was captured by the earths gravity c. by a large impact with mars d. at the same time as the earth as a smaller accreting body

B. away from the earth and was captured by the earths gravity

The largest plutonic bodies of irregular shape ( >100 sq. km) that cut across the rock layering they intrude is called a : a. stock b. batholith c. dike d. bed

B. batholith

Minerals and elements are the same thing. a. true b. false

B. false

Which planet has active plate tectonics? a. mercury b. mars c. venus d. jupiter

B. mars

Which mineral is an all igneous rock? a. biotite b. plagioclase feldspar c. quartz d. potassium feldspar

B. plagioclase feldspar

Diamonds and graphite are a. polymorphs in that they have the same crystal shape b. polymorphs in that they have the same chemical composition c. isotopes in that they have the same crystal shape d. isotopes in that they have the same chemical composition

B. polymorphs in that they have the same chemical composition

Large, long-lived volcanoes that have low pressure and low viscosity are called: a. composite b. shield volcanoes c. cinder cones d. resurgent domes

B. shield volcanoes

The earth is _____ years old. a. 5,000 b. 12 billion c. 4.6 billion d. 550 million

C. 4.6 billion

A fining upward sequence is formed by a. a deep ocean current b. a mountain landslide c. a stream d. at the beach

C. A stream

The lower sandstone is a a. reef b. lagoon that is shallow and muddy c. beach d. delta that is sandy e. wetland and swamp that is muddy and plant-rich

C. Beach

Which is NOT a type of plate margin? a. Divergent b. convergent c. consequent d. transform

C. Consequent

What is the most common rock in earths crust? a. basalt b. granite c. gabbro d. rhyolite

C. Gabbro

Which of the following is an intrusive igneous rock? a. rhyolite b. basalt c. gabbro d. andesite

C. Gabbro

The earths core is mainly composed of: a. gold b. silicon c. iron d. oxygen

C. Iron

Why would a planet orbiting 2 suns be less likely to have life? a. it would be too hot b. it would be too cold c. it would be less stable d. it would be more stable

C. It would be more stable

Huge mudflows made up of wet volcanic debris are called____ a. tuffs b. diatremes c. lahars d. calderas

C. Lahars

Which hazard is affected by the time of the year? a. pyroclastic flow b. volcanic bombs c. lahars d. landslides

C. Lahars

Which type of igneous rocks erode faster? a. felsic b. clastic c. mafic

C. Mafic

Internal heat reaches the earths surface by: a. the geothermal gradient b. mainly conduction c. mainly convection d. equal amounts of convection and conduction

C. Mainly convection

Which region in the earth is molten? a. crust b. mantle c. outer core d. inner core

C. Outer core

Oil forms from ____ a. plant remains b. shells that sink to the ocean floor c. plankton that sink to the ocean floor d. a mixture of water and lava

C. Plankton that sink to the ocean floor

Except for hydrogen, all elements are produced by____. a. the molten interiors of planets b. the Big Bang c. stars d. black holes

C. Stars

The layer bellow the lithosphere is? a. the inner core b. the ocean c. the asthenosphere d. the crust

C. The asthenosphere

What is the smallest unit of matter having a given set of characteristics? a. proton b. nucleus c. atom d. mineral

C. atom

Yellowstone is a very dangerous volcano because ____ a. it has basaltic lava b. of it is frequent and powerful eruptions c. granite is being assimilated into a large magma chamber changing the chemistry of the eruptions d. it is located near the densely populated region of san Francisco

C. granite is being assimilated into a large magma chamber changing the chemistry of the eruptions

How does granite reach earths surface? a. it erupts from strata volcanoes b. it erupts from shield volcanoes c. it cools underground then is uplifted d. granite is not found on the surface

C. it cools underground then is uplifted

What is the Roche limit? a. the distance the moon orbits at b. the distance earths magnetic field extends to c. the closest distance from the center of a planet than an object can approach without being pulled into the planet d. the furthest extent of the atmosphere

C. the closest distance from center of a planet than an object can approach without being pulled into the planet

Rounding and sorting in sedimentary rocks tell us ____ a. the power of a volcanic eruption b. minerals that are present c. the distance traveled d. the type of fossils found

C. the distance travelled

Geology is the science of? a. inorganic material b. organic substances c. the earth d. dead creatures

C. the earth

Which mineral is important for trapping carbon dioxide gas? a. olivine b. quartz c. k-feldspar d. clacite

D. Calcite

Clastic sedimentary rocks are mainly defined by what characteristics? a. color b. origin c. mineral percent d. grain size

D. Grain size

Yellowstone has geysers because it is a ____ a. composite volcano b. cinder cone c. hot spot where magma intrudes from a shallow depth from the asthenosphere d. hot spot where magma intrudes from a great depth from the mantle-core boundary

D. Hot spot where magma intrudes from a great depth form the man;y-core boundary

Which region in the earth consists primarily of solid iron and nickel? a. crust b. mantle c. outer core d. inner core

D. Inner core

_____ released large amounts of ash that caused the climate to cool on a global scale a. Kilauea b. Mt. St. Helens c. Lake Nios d. Mt. Pinatubo

D. Mt. Pinatubo

Which two minerals are unlikely to be found in the same rock? a. pyroxene and plagioclase b. quartz and orthoclase c. biotite and plagioclase d. quartz and olivine

D. Quartz and olivine

All of the following are volcanic hazards except _____ a. lahars b. ash flows c. ash falls d. smoke

D. Smoke

Which is the basic building block of silicate minerals? a. the silicate octahedron b. the silicate pentahedron c. the silicate quadform d. the silicate tetrahedron

D. The silicate tetrahedron

Huttons phrase, "the present is the key to the past" relates to: a. Plate tectonics b. catastrophism c. anthropology d. uniformitarianism

D. Uniformitarianism

A fine-grained igneous rock cooled: a. in the mantle b. beneath the earths surface c. in the asthenosphere d. at the earths surface

D. at the earths surface

Calcite is composed of ____ a. silicon dioxide b. sodium chloride c. Calcium phosphate d. Calcium carbonate

D. calcium carbonate

Which layer of the earth is molten? a. crust b. mantle c. inner core d. outer core

D. outer core

A "well sorted" rock is one in which the grains are nearly all the same: a. weight b. density c. volume d. size e. type

D. size

How does granite reach earths surface? a. it erupts there b. erosion c. uplift d. A and B e. B and C

E. B and C

What rock(s) would form from magic magma? a. granite b. granite, granodiorite, rhyolite, and dacite c. basalt, andesite d. diorite, andesite e. basalt, gabbro

E. Basalt, Gabbro

You would not find which mineral in rhyolite? a. biotite b. potassium feldspar c. quartz d. plagioclase feldspar e. false, all of the above are in granite

E. False, all the above are in granite

What rock type might you find ripple marks in? a. basalt b. gabbro c. rhyolite d. granite e. sandstone

E. Sandstone

The carbon beds are a. reef b. lagoon that is shallow and muddy c. beach d. delta that is sandy e. wetland and swamp that is muddy and plant-rich

E. wetland and swamp that is muddy and plant-rich

The upper shale is a a. reef b. lagoon that is shallow and muddy c. beach d. delta that is sandy e. wetland and swamp that is muddy and plant-rich

E. wetland and swamp that is muddy and plant-rich