GEOLOGY FINAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS

What is an advantage of using algae to produce oil? a) all of these are correct b) produces more oil than ethanol crops c) none of these are correct d) requires no soil e) requires no freshwater

A

What is an example of transmutation? a) 137 Cs used for food safety b) 137 Cs used in nuclear weapons c) 137 Cs used in smoke detectors d) all of these are correct e) none of these are correct

A

What is the federal recommendation for setback distance? a) E-60 b) E-80 c) none of these are correct d) E-40 e) E-10

A

What type of unconformity could be present between layers of sandstone and shale? a) disconformity b) angular unconformity c) none of these are correct d) nonconformity e) all of these are possible

A

Which discovery led to renewed interest in Continental Drift during the mid-20th century? a) magnetic anomalies in seafloor rocks b) the MOR c) all of these are correct d) none of these are correct e) mesosaur fossils

A

Which geologic principle is best for correlation? a) Faunal Succession b) Cross Cutting c) none of these are correct d) Superposition e) Original horizontality

A

Which metamorphic facies is associated with low grade metamorphism? a) xeolite b) hornfels c)none of these are correct d)greenschist e) blueschist

A

Which mineral is associated with the continuous branch of Bowen's reaction series? a) none of these are correct b) olivine c) biotite d) all of these are correct e)quartz

A

Which of the following is not a climate proxy? a) all of these are climate proxies b) biogeography c) none of these is a climate proxy d) tree ring width e) stable carbon isotopes

A

Which volcano recently started erupting in the Philippines? a) none b) Fuji c) Kilauea d) Pinatubo e) Tambora

A

Why did the Banquio damn fail? a) it was not designed to handle a 2,000-yr flood event b) none of these are correct c) sabotage d) it was poorly designed e) it was too old

A

Why is thermohaline circulation slowing down? a) the North Atlantic is getting warmer b) none of these are correct c) El Nino events are occurring more frequently d) all of these are correct e) the North Atlantic is getting saltier

A

___ form where two plates covered in continental crust collide. a) mountains b) transform boundaries c) none of these are correct d) all of these are correct e) subduction zones

A

_____ explains that natural processes occur today the same way they did in the past. a) Uniformitarianism b) Unification c) Catastrophism d) none of these are correct e) Unitarianism

A

_____ metamorphic rocks form as a result of ______. a) none of these are correct b) high grade; subduction c) nonfoliated; metasomatism d) schist; confining pressure e) foliated; contact metamorphism

A

Natural processes account for about ____% of warming over the past few centuries. a) 90% b) 50% c) none of these are correct d) 75% e) 25%

B

Nuclear fuel production requires about how much enrichment of uranium? a) 5% b) 90% c) none of these are correct d) 50% e) 25%

B

Which type of pyroclast can damage both vehicle engines and lung tissue? a) bombs b) ash c) none of these are correct d) all of these are correct e) lapilli

B

Why are sediments important? a) they play an important role in soil formation b) all of these are correct c)none of these are correct d) they contain most oil deposits e) they contain most fossils

B

Complete the effervescence reaction: HCl + ____ = ___ + Ca + OH + Cl (The numbers in the answers are subscripts, though they may not appear that way on your screen) a) CaO; CO4 b) none of these are correct c) CO3; CaCO2 d) CaCO3; CO2 e) CaO3; C2O2

D

What has been a disadvantage of nuclear power? a) power production price tripled b) "not in my backyard" fears regarding safety c) finding storage for nuclear waste d) all of these are correct e) none of these are correct

D

What is a drawback of most renewable energy sources? a) they are less safe than nonrenewables b) none of these are correct c) they produce lots of pollution d) they are more expensive than nonrenewables e) they attract hordes of brain-eating zombies to your doorstep

D

What is the Southern Oscillation? a) the latest dance craze in New Orleans b) water spinning backwards in an Australian toilet c) what happens to your stomach after eating bad BBQ d) the air pressure change associated with El Nino events e) a senator from Alabama flip-flopping

D

What is the difference between C3 and C4 plants? a) C3 plants contain more carbon b) one is good and the other is evil c) C3 plants contain less carbon d) none of these are correct e) they have different ratios of 13C/12C

D

What is the most abundant element in Earth's crust? a) iron b) nickel c) silicon d) oxygen e) aluminum

D

What process helps tectonic plates move? a) fusion b) accretion c) lava gnomes tunneling their way to the surface to conquer the puny human race d) slab suction e) none of these are correct

D

What type of lake is associated with glacial erosion? a) playas b) kettles c) none of these are correct d) tarns e) all of these are correct

D

What type of plate boundary experiences lots of underwater volcanic eruptions? a) convergent boundaries b) all of these are correct c) subduction zone d) a seafloor spreading site e) none of these are correct

D

Why does only one Hawaiian island contain active volcanoes? a) none of these are correct b) the other islands are too far from the hot spot c) the other islands are too small d) the other islands have too many mountains e) the other islands are too close to the MOR

B

Why is a 3⁰ global average temperature increase considered problematic? a) sea level would drop significantly b) many species would likely go extinct c) all of these are correct d) none of these are correct e) volcanic activity would increase

B

Your idiot roommate botches their chemistry lab final and exposes the rest of the class to 400 mrem of radiation. What symptoms will everyone develop? a) immediate hair loss b) none of these are correct c) radiation poisoning with death almost certain d) cancer rates 5 years from now will be high e) mild radiation sickness

B

___ and ____ are depositional features associated with glaciers a) all of these are correct b) kettles; kames c) esker; tarn d) drumlin; moutonnee e) none of these are correct

B

____ and _____ are erosional features associated with glaciers a) horns; aretes b) all of these are correct c) U-shaped valleys; cirques d) none of these are correct e) striations; hanging valleys

B

____ igneous rocks may have a ____ texture. a) none of these are correct b) extrusive; glassy c) intrusive; aphanitic d) volcanic; pegmatitic e) all of these are correct

B

_____ is the point directly along the fault where movement occurs during an earthquake. a) none of these are correct b) focus c) magnitude d) epicenter e) facies

B

_____ transport heat from the Equator to about 30⁰ latitude a) none of these are correct b) Hadley cells c) Ferrel cells d) all of these are correct e) thermohaline circulation

B

recent study of volcanic eruptions focused on what feature? a) none of these are correct b) dikes c) all of these are correct d) hot spots e) tephra cones

B

Which correlation method utilizes unconformities? a) all of these are correct b) lithostratigraphy c) none of these are correct d) sequence stratigraphy e) chemostratigraphy

D

Which helps us study the interior of the Earth? a) volcanic eruptions b) meteorite compositions c) seismic waves from earthquakes d) all of these are correct e) none of these are correct

D

Which igneous rock composition has the highest silica content? a) ultramafic b) intermediate c) mafic d) felsic e) these all have about the same silica content

D

Which metamorphic rock formed as a result of differential pressure? a) none of these are correct b) hornfels c) all of these are correct d) gneiss e) marble

D

Which of the following is not a geologic structure? a) none of these are geologic structures b) joint c) all of these are geologic structures d) the Grand Canyon e) right lateral strike slip fault

D

Which region is at a high risk for desertification? a) none of these are correct b) the western US c) most of the Middle East d) all of these are correct e) areas just south of the Sahara

D

Which supervolcanic eruption caused 'the year without a summer'? a) Krakatoa b) Toba c) Yellowstone d)Tambora e) none of these are correct

D

Which system is involved in the biological pump? a) the lithosphere b) none of these are correct c) the biosphere d) all of these are correct e) the atmosphere

D

Who proposed uniformitarianism? a) Beyonce b) Justin Bieber c) Adam Levine d) James Hutton e) Tom Brady

D

Why does El Nino cause weather changes in South Carolina? a) because it's stupid and I hate it b) the Gulf Stream gets displaced c) none of these are correct d) the Jet Stream gets displaced e) it slows the thermohaline current

D

_____ are small stream branches near the mouth of the river. a) trellises b) tributaries c) lobes d) distributaries e) none of these are correct

D

_____ refers to how much the parent rock was altered; ____ refers to a set of index minerals. a) retrograde; prograde b) none of these are correct c) facies; grade d) grade; facies e) prograde; retrograde

D

A recent study indicates that San Francisco is sinking at a rate of _____ a) none of these are correct b) 1 mm/yr c) 1 cm/yr d) 1 in/yr e) 1 ft/yr

C

Accommodation space measures the space available for ______ . a) Lindsay Lohan's 'medications' b) Bieber's hair care products c) sediment deposition in a basin d) storing all those dog masks worn by Eagles fans e) Beyonce's entourage

C

Dinosaurs lived during which geologic eon? a) Jurassic b) Mesozoic c) none of these are correct d) Cenozoic e) Archean

C

Feldspar chemically weathers into kaolinite in the presence of ____ and ____ . a) HCl; water b) none of these are correct c) H2CO3; water d)H2SO4; H2CO3 e)CO3; HCl

C

How do groins prevent coastal erosion? a) they redirect waves to hit other areas b) they disrupt longshore currents & drift c) all of these are correct d) they reduce wave energy e) none of these are correct

C

How old is Earth? A) 6 Ga b) 4.5 Ma c) 4.5 Ga d)6 Ma d) none of these are correct

C

Minerals are classified into groups based on their ____ a) fracture b) hardness c) none of these are correct d) luster e) streak

C

Stable isotopes in what type of fossil can provide quantitative temperature data? a) fish bone b) all of these are correct c) plankton shells d) none of these are correct e) invertebrate shells

E

The comet hypothesized to have struck Earth 12.8 ka resulted in _____ a) all of these are correct b) dinosaurs going extinct c)none of these are correct d)widespread volcanic eruptions e) a 1,000 year cold period

E

The process that formed Earth was ____. a)fusion b)density stratification c)none of these are correct d)all of these are correct e)planetary accretion

E

Recurrence interval measures the time between _____. a) raids by the lava gnomes upon the puny floodplain dwellers b) any two floods c) any two floods of the same size (water level) d) any two floods that cause equal damage e) none of these are correct

C

The explosiveness of an eruption is measured with which scale? a) Mercalli Index b) none of these are correct c) VEI d) Fujita e) Richter

C

Which best describes a magnitude XII earthquake? a) they only occur once every 12 years b) none of these are correct c) the fault slipped 12 meters d) ground shaking was 12x greater than background levels e) there was massive property damage

E

Which of the following is needed in order to conduct radiometric dating? a) the parent atoms must all be gone b) at least 10 half-lives must go by c) all of these are correct d) the daughter atoms must all be gone e) none of these are correct

E

Which scale do scientists use to measure earthquakes? a) all of these are correct b) Richter c) none of these are correct d) Mercalli e) Moment

E

Which state recently linked increased seismic activity to increased waste water fracking? a) Kansas b) none of these are correct c) all of these are correct d) Texas e) Oklahoma

E

Which type of aquifer is associated with artesian wells? a) unconfined b) perched c) all of these are correct d) none of these are correct e) confined

E

Why is North Africa covered in desert? a) none of these are correct b) the area was decimated during the Last Great Lava Gnome War c) it's in a rain shadow d) it's in the middle of a large continent e) it's located near 30⁰ latitude

E

___ % of land area is desert. a) 1% b) none of these are correct c)10% d)5% e) 20%

E

___ magma contains about _____% SiO2 a) andesitic; 60 b) none of these are correct c) rhyolitic; 70 d) basaltic; 50 e) all of these are correct

E

____ explains the formation of our solar system. a) none of these are correct b) Solar Disk Model c) the Theia Impact d) Planetary accretion e) the Nebular Hypothesis

E

____ refers to removing only fine grained material from the surface of a desert. a) all of these are correct b) none of these are correct c) outwash d) pavement e) deflation

E

____ seismic waves are _____. a) S; able to move through fluids b) all of these are correct c) L; compressional d) P; shear e) none of these are correct

E

_____ is a measure of reflectivity a) obliquity b) aphelion c) all of these are correct d) none of these are correct e) albedo

E

_____ refers to things made by or caused by humans. a) none of these are correct b) anthropologic c) anthropomorphic d) arthropodic e) anthropogenic

E

The resource measurement does not include which of the following? a) deposits known to exist b) none of these are part of the resource size c) deposits too expensive to currently mine d) amounts ready for immediate use e) all of these are part of the resource size

E

Viscoisty is mainly controlled by ___ and ____ . a) temperature; pressure b) silica content; gas content c) temperature; gas content d) none of these are correct e) temperature; silica content

E

What contaminated groundwater near Love Canal? a) biologic waste b) radioactive waste c) none of these are correct d) all of these are correct e) chemical waste

E

What economic resource is found in the continental shelf? a) diamonds b) gold c) coal d) none of these are correct e) oil

E

What is an advantage that all fossil fuels typically have? a) they produce little pollution b) they're renewable c) they are distributed equally worldwide d) all of these are correct e) none of these are correct

E

What is the EPB for wind turbines? a) about 2 yrs b) greater than 3 yrs c) about 1 yr d) none of these are correct e) 2-3 yrs

E

What is the albedo of snow and ice? a) none of these are correct b) 4-6% c) 90-95% d) 15-25% e) 40-90%

E

What problem can result from overdrafting? a) none of these are correct b) saltwater contamination c) cones of depression d) subsidence e) all of these are correct

E

What type of porosity is most important in most locations? a) vuggy b) fracture c) confined d) none of these are correct e) intergranular

E

-____ is a ____ mineral and one of the last to form in Bowen's reaction series. a) quartz; felsic b) none of these are correct c) olivine; ultramafic d) olivine; felsic e) quartz; mafic

A

14C can potentially date specimens that are up to about _____ years old. a) 10,000 b) 1 million c) 57,000 d) none of these are correct e) 5,730

A

A ____ forms as a ______ response to ______ force. a) fold; ductile; compressional b) joint; plastic; shearing c) all of these are correct d) none of these are correct e) fault; ductile; tensional

A

Climate reflects surface conditions on Earth over _____ timescales a) decadal b) monthly c) annual d) seasonal e) daily

A

Density stratification within the Earth resulted from what? a) the Theia Impact b)plate tectonics c)all of these are correct d)planetary accretion e) none of these are correct

A

Fossil fuels provide about ___% of our domestic energy needs. a) 81 b) 50 c) none of these are correct d) 75 e) 33

A

Given an erosion rate of 10 ft/year, the E-40 line should be drawn ____ ft from the current shore. a) 400 b) 50 c) 4 d) none of these are correct e) 30

A

Global warming contributes to what problem? a) all of these are correct b) none of these are correct c) desertification d) strengthening of hurricanes e) cryosphere reduction

A

Nuclear waste with a half-life of > 20 years is ______. a) trans-uranic b) GTCC c) safe to dump in the ocean d) none of these are correct e) stored at Barnwell, SC

A

Recently erupted lava with a stringy, ropey appearance is called _____ a) pahoehoe b) none of these are correct c) lahar d) really freaking weird! e) Aa

A

The boundary between the saturated and unsaturated zones below ground is the _______ a) water table b) vadose zone c) aeration zone d) none of these are correct e) phreatic zone

A

To be a desert, an area must have ______. a) none of these are correct b) avg temperature > 15⁰ C c) avg temperature > 20⁰ C d) avg temperature > 10⁰ C e) avg temperature > 25⁰ C

A

What is a drawback of solar power? a) none of these are correct b) EPB is unreasonably high c) PVCs must use toxic cadnium d) we'll drain all the Sun's energy, turning Earth into a frozen wasteland ruled by penguins e) PVCs can never exceed 40% efficiency

A

What is a reason that scientists no longer use the Richter Scale? a) The Moment Scale can be used even if your seismometer didn't record data during a quake b) none of these are correct c) The Mercalli Index is more accurate d) The Moment Scale is cheaper to use e) Because it's stupid and I hate it

A

A _____ fault forms as a result of _____ force. a) left lateral; shearing b) all of these are correct c) normal; tensional d) reverse; compressional e) none of these are correct

B

A _____ is a scientific idea that has lots of support from being repeatedly tested. a) hypothesis b) theory c) law d) principle e) none of these are correct

B

About how many magnitude 2 quakes occur on Earth each year? a) 25-50 b) none of these are correct c) 5-10 d) 10-20 e)0-1

B

Air bubbles trapped in glacial ice provide what climate information? a) all of these are correct b) CO2 levels in the ancient atmosphere c) none of these are correct d)ancient ocean temperature e)ancient air temperature

B

Commercially available PVCs are in the range of ____ efficiency a) 20-30 b) 10-20 c) 40-50 d) 30-40 e) none of these are correct

B

During El Nino, _______ is ________ in the _______ Pacific a) precipitation; reduced; western b) all of these are correct c) none of these are correct d) air pressure; reduced; eastern e) water temperature; higher; eastern

B

Earthquakes with unusually deep foci are associated with what? a) the MOR b) subduction zones c) none of these are correct d) transform boundaries e) lava gnomes tunneling through Earth's crust to conquer the puny surface dwellers

B

Evaluate this statement: the Moon lacks a plate tectonic system like that found on Earth a) bad hypothesis b/c it's an opinion b) good hypothesis b/c it is testable c) none of these are correct d) bad hypothesis b/c it can't be tested e) bad hypothesis b/c it's too difficult to test

B

Formation of a laccolith would result in what type of metamorphism? a) regional metamorphism b) contact metamorphism c) none of these are correct d) metasomatism e) fault metamorphism

B

Fossil fuel burning has altered the ____ ratio in the atmosphere. a) 18O/16O b) 14C/12C c) all of these are correct d) 14C/13C e) none of these are correct

B

Glaciers that cover a large portion of an entire continent are _____ a) mountain glaciers b) none of these are correct c) valley glaciers d) all of these are correct e) alpine glaciers

B

South Carolina represents which type of continental margin? a) none of these are correct b) passive c) emergent d) submergent e) active

B

Temperature change with increasing depth below the surface is referred to as _____ a) metasomatism b) geothermal gradient c) progradational d) none of these are correct e) retrogradational

B

The lack of _____ results in more _____ in deserts. a) none of these are correct b) water; physical weathering c) all of these are correct d) vegetation; chemical weathering e) water; biogenic sedimentary deposits

B

To be a candidate for generating wind power, an area must be classified as ______ a) Class 2 or higher b) Class 3 or higher c) Class 4 or higher d) Class 1 or higher e) none of these are correct

B

What energy source can provide all of society's needs with no drawbacks? a) a giant hamster running on a giant treadmill b) all energy sources have some drawbacks c) love d) Red Bull e) unicorn tears

B

What is misleading about this statement: "It was very cold this past winter in the US, so global warming is obviously fake news". a) it only considers one country b) all of these are correct c) it ignores how many record highs there were d) It only considers one season e) none of these are correct

B

What material is safest to build on in areas prone to earthquakes? a) all of these are equally safe b) bedrock c) saturated sediment d) none of these are correct e) mud

B

What property is diagnostic for carbonate minerals? a) none of these are correct B) all of these are correct c) their hardness d)their streak e) their luster

B

What type of glacial sediment deposit has the best sorting? a) till b) loess c) none of these are correct d) moraines e) outwash

B

What type of hazard is associated with explosive eruptions? a) lahars b) all of these are correct c) pyroclasts d) pyroclastic flows e) none of these are correct

B

What was one result of the Love Canal crisis? a) all of these are correct b) the Superfund Act was passed c) the city was found guilty and had to pay fees d) none of these are correct e) chemical dumping was banned near schools

B

When is the Hypatia Stone hypothesized to have formed? a) none of these is correct b) before our solar system formed c) 5 Ma d) 50 Ma e) 5 Ga

B

Which Milankovitch cycle describes the wobble of Earth on its axis? a) Hadley b) Precession c) Obliquity d) none of these are correct e) Eccentricity

B

Which area recently experienced a magnitude 6.4 earthquake? a) none of these are correct b) Taiwan c) Alaska d) all of these are correct e) Oklahoma

B

Which environmental factor causes the biggest change in half-life duration? a) presence of water b) none of these affect half-life c) pressure d)temperature e) pH

B

Which facies is associated with contact metamorphism? a) blueschist b) hornfels c) greenschist d) xeolite e) none of these are correct

B

Which incident shut down the development of nuclear power plants in the US for about 30 years? a) Oak Ridge b) Three Mile Island c) none of these are correct d) Love Canal e) Chernobyl

B

Which is a type of tectonic force? a) transform b) all of these are correct c) none of these are correct d) divergent e) convergent

B

Which of the following can cause erosion? a) glaciers b)all of these are correct c)none of these are correct d)water e)wind

B

Which of the following can make a slope unstable? a) the slope exceeds the angle of repose b) all of these are correct c) too much water present d) too little water present e) none of these are correct

B

Which of the following is a mechanical layer of the Earth? a) none of these are correct b) all of these are correct c) asthenosphere d) lithosphere e) inner core

B

Which of the following is not a hydrocarbon? a) none of these are hydrocarbons b) coal c) methane d) all of these are hydrocarbons e) tar sand

B

Which of the following traits is not included in the definition of mineral? a) naturally occurring b) amorphous c) inorganic d) all of these are correct e) none of these are correct

B

Which river has been the cause of lawsuits between states regarding water availability? a) Tennessee b) all of these are correct c) none of these are correct d) Catawba e) Colorado

B

The uppermost mechanical layer of the Earth is the _____. a) crust b) outer core c) none of these are correct d) inner core e) mantle

C

What is the most dangerous type of low-level nuclear waste (use US terminology)? a) trans-uranic b) Class B c) none of these are correct d) Class A e) Class C

C

What specimen could you potentially date using the carbon 14 method? a) a caveman's saber-toothed kangaroo pelt (yes, there really used to be saber-toothed kangaroos Be afraid. Be very afraid) b) a caveman's wooden spear c) all of these are correct d) a caveman's bone necklace e) none of these are correct

C

What stable isotope ratio can provide quantitative temperature data? a) 13C/12C b) none of these are correct c) 14C/12C d) 14C/13C e) all of these are correct

C

What temperature is a critical part of the oil window? a) 50 ⁰C b) 350 ⁰C c) 150 ⁰C d) none of these are correct e) 250 ⁰C

C

What type of sand dune is associated with coastal areas? a) barchan b) transverse c) parabolic d) none of these are correct e) linear

C

Which absolute dating method does not rely on radioactive isotopes? a) chemostratigraphy b)dendrochronology c) all of these are correct d) sequence stratigraphy e) none of these are correct

C

Which geologic principle tells you that a dike is younger than the strata the magma moved through? a) Faunal Succession b) Original horizontality c) Cross Cutting d) none of these are correct e) Superposition

C

Which group of minerals compose the shells of most seashells? a) oxides b) phosphates c) carbonates d) silicates e) sulfates

C

Which layer has the most ductile behavior? a) asthenosphere b) inner core c) outer core d) none of these are correct e) lithosphere

C

Which rock would melt at the lowest temperature? a) a dry rock under high pressure b) the rock would melt at the same temperature under all these conditions c) a wet rock under low pressure d) a dry rock under low pressure e) a wet rock under high pressure

C

Which species would be the best index fossil? a) none of these are correct b) a coral that lived only in tropical waters c) a marine phytoplankton that went extinct in less than 1 million years d) a lizard that's existed for 80 million years e) a rodent found in only two jungles on Earth

C

Why has the coal industry been in decline? a) new mining techniques require few workers b) regulations due to toxic waste products c) all of these are correct d) none of these are correct e) methane is cheaper

C

Why was Continental Drift initially rejected? a) none of these are correct b) it had no data to support it c) it couldn't explain how continents moved d) it was just an opinion e) no one tested it

C

Why would an unconformity form? a) none of these are correct b) the sediment supply ran out c) all of these are correct d) erosion occurred faster than deposition e) there was no accommodation space

C

_____ are meanders that have been cut off from the channel. a) levees b) point bars c) oxbows d) none of these are correct e) cut banks

C

_____ refers to the breakdown of rocks; ______ refers to the transport of sediments. a) mass wasting; weathering b) erosion; mass wasting c) weathering; erosion d) erosion; weathering e) none of these are correct

C

______ explains the unusually fast movement of some glaciers. a) ablation b) none of these are correct c) basal slip d) all of these are correct e) plastic flow

C

______ sediments compose _______. a) loess; moraines b) till; drumlins c) outwash; eskers d) all of these are correct e) none of these are correct

C

A recent study suggests cooling 2.7 Ma was caused by what? a) breakage of the land bridge that connected Antarctica and South America b) development of the Gulf Stream current c) a change in Earth's obliquity d) dust blown into the Pacific e) none of these are correct

D

About how many people worldwide live in areas at risk of desertification? a) 1 billion b) none of these are correct c) 10 million d) 100 million e) 1 million

D

After the ocean, where is most of the water on Earth stored? a) rivers & lakes b) groundwater c) none of these are correct d) glaciers e) the atmosphere

D

An increase in CO2 results in higher temperatures, which in turn cause CO2 levels to rise again. What type of cycle is this? a) closed system b) open system c) none of these are correct d) positive feedback e) negative feedback

D

How do waves change as they approach shore? a) their height decreases b) all of these are correct c) their wavelength increases d) none of these are correct e) their speed increases

D

How does fracking differ from conventional oil production? a) none of these are correct b) it drills deeper c) it creates less pollution d) all of these are correct e) it drills faster

D

How does the Sun differ from a protostar? a) Protostars are larger b) the Sun is colder c) the Sun is older d) Protostars don't have fusion occurring

D

How does the lithosphere affect climate? a) creating rain shadows b) formation of land bridges c) none of these are correct d) all of these are correct e)destruction of land bridges

D

How long is one half-life? a) 4.4 billion years b) 5,730 years c) 22.3 years d)the time needed for half the parent atoms present to decay e) none of these are correct

D

If a specimen was an open system and parent atoms were leached out, what will happen when you date that specimen? a) the age you calculate will be correct b) the age you calculate will be too young c) you will be banished from the geology lab forever d) the age you calculate will be too old e) none of these are correct

D

If an igneous rock has the same chemical composition as the magma it was derived from.... a) it underwent decompression melting b) it underwent fractional crystallization c) it underwent wet partial melting d) it underwent equilibrium crystallization e) none of these are correct

D

What can be done to stabilize a slope? a) none of these are correct b) increase the grade of the slope c) cut down all the vegetation present d) install drainage devices e) all of these are correct

D

What happens to upwelling in the eastern Pacific during an El Nino event? a) none of these are correct b) upwelling changes to downwelling c) upwelling speeds up d) upwelling stops e) upwelling moves to the western Pacific

D

A modern collision zone boundary is found where? a) the west coast of South America b) all of these are correct c) none of these are correct d) the west coast of North America E) the Himalayas

E

Evaluate this statement: Thor: Ragnarok was the best movie of 2017. a) none of these are correct b) bad hypothesis b/c Logan was better c) good hypothesis b/c it's testable d) good hypothesis b/c it's predictive e) bad hypothesis b/c it is an opinion

E

Greenhouse gases compose about how much of the atmosphere? a) 5-10% b) 1-5% c) greater than 10% d) none of these are correct e) less than 1%

E

How does continental crust differ from oceanic crust? a) all of these are correct b)none of these are correct c)oceanic crust is more brittle d) oceanic crust is older e) oceanic crust is denser

E

Lowering of ground level is called _____. a) deposition b) frost wedging c) cementation d) weathering e)none of these are correct

E

Melting all Earth's glaciers would cause sea level to rise about ______ meters. a) none of these are correct b) 30 c) 200 d) 350 e) 65

E

Potable water must be ____ and ______ a) clean; imported b) clean; cheap c) cheap; free from biological waste d) chemical waste; expensive e) safe to drink; tastes good enough to drink

E

Shield volcanoes typically have what type of eruptions? a) eruptions of mostly just pyroclasts b) none of these are correct c) eruptions of rhyolitic magma d) explosive e) non-explosive

E

For nuclear fuel, you want your uranium enriched in the ____ isotope relative to the ____ isotope. a) 238; 236 b) none of these are correct c) 235; 240 d) 235; 238 e) 236; 238

d