Geology Test #2

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phaneritic

-coarse -can see

andesite in the cascades is produced by melting

a mixture of ocean and continental crust

In geology, a mineral is defined as:

a naturally occurring inorganic solid consisting of chemical elements in specific proportions arranged in specific crystalline pattern

Mineral

a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

aphanitic

finely grained can't see glasssy

which texture results from a single, long period of cooling and crystallization

phaneritic

the plate tectonic explanation of volcanic activity in the cascades is

subduction zone

Fracture refers to the way a mineral breaks along flat planes of weakness in the crystalline structure

False

Quartz is the hardest known mineral thus it is nearly impossible to scratch it

False

most volcanoes are composed of basalt or andesite, but not granite (t/f)

TRUE

Aphanitic igneous rocks have mineral grains too small to be seen without magnification

True

Shield volcanoes are commonly composed of basaltic rocks

True

Specific gravity of minerals is the density relative to water (T/F)

True

Silicate

a member of the mineral group that has silicon and oxygen in its crystal structure

rock formed from lava with numerous gas bubbles that give it a jagged surface is

a'a

volcanic rocks are typically

a. intrusive b.coarse grained igneous rocks c. both a and b d. none of the above D

which igneous texture results from a short period of cooling and crystallization

aphanitic

most of the igneous rocks in hawaii are

basalt

if a mineral exhibits it

breaks consistently along distinct flat planes

a small volcano made up of small rock fragments blasted out of a central vent is

cinder cone

which of the following statements about mineral identification is NOT true

color is one of the most reliable ways by which minerals can be identified

the highest volcanic peaks in the cascades are

composite cones

mafic minerals have which properties

dark color, above average specific gravity

pillow lava

erupts under water

volcanic rocks are typically

extrusive igneous rocks

crater lake, orgeon was formed in 1980 when mt mazama volcano erupted

false

Most lava crystallizes to form igneous rocks with phaneritic textures.

false- it creates aphaneritic textures which are glassy fine grained

the gentlest least catastrophic type of volcano eruption occurs when magma is so fluid that it simply oozes from cracks to form

flood basalts

the primary difference between lava and magma is

lava is above ground surface magma is below ground surface

the plate tectonic explanation of volcanic activity is hawaii is

mantle plume and hot spot

the most recent major volcanic eruption is in the cascades was at

mount st.helens

which two minerals are very hard

quartz and diamond

the largest volcano in the Hawaiian islands are

shield volcanoes

mount rainer in washington was formed primarily by

subduction zone volcanics

two properties most used to classify igneous rocks are

texture and mineral composition

mohs hardness scale for minerals refers to

the resistance of a mineral to scratching

columnar joints form from contraction during the cooling of volcanic rocks

true

mount st helens in washington cascades is a classic example of volcanic activity near a subduction zone

true

the glassy texture in obsidian forms when lava cools very quickly

true

the hawaiian islands are long chain of volcanic islands that formed over millions of years as the pacific plate moved northwest over a relatively stationary mantle plume

true


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