Give Me Liberty Chapter 20 Vocab

Stock Market Crash

A name given to October 29, 1929, when stock prices fell sharply. Soon after, stock prices were able to recover. It was a signal regarding the weakness in the American economy, not the main cause of the Great Depression.

Hays Code

A sporadically enforced set of rules that prohibited movies from showing any nudity, long kisses, or adultery, and also stopped scripts that portrayed any clergymen in a negative way or showed sympathy towards criminals.

"Flapper"

Girls who are rebelling with their bobbed hair, short skirts, public drinking and smoking, and the use of birth-control methods (which they were unapologetic about it). The "flapper" showed the change of standards with sexual behavior (mostly in large cities). They would perform "wild" dances in dance halls and clubs, dances like the Charleston. They also went to sexually charged Hollywood films with the provocative "It Girl" Clara Bow and the "Latin Lover" Rudolph Valentino (which died suddenly of an illness in 1926 and grieving women kept trying to storm the funeral home).

Immigration Restriction

Growing immigration population had created social problems, disagreement on how best to respond. Introduction of immigrants was polluting the nation's racial stock. Applying science to humans, inequalities hereditary and that immigration was contributing the multiplication of the unfit. Theodore Roosevelt supported immigration restriction. Powerful opponents were employers who saw immigration as a source of cheap labor, immigrants themselves

Bonus Marchers

In 1932, 20,000 World War I veterans who were unemployed went to Washington to demand an early payment of the bonus due in 1945. However, they were drove away by federal soldiers led by Douglas MacArthur.

Rise of the Stock Market

In the 1920's, the market attracted more investors. Many assumed stock values would rise forever. By 1928, 1.5 million Americans owned stock (still a minority of 28 million American families but far more than in the past)

"New Negro"

It was associated with pan-Africanism and the militancy of the Garvey movement. This mean the rejection of common stereotypes and a search for black values to put in the place of those stereotypes.

American Civil Liberties Union

It was formed from the Civil Liberties Bureau (1917) which was formed after the arrest of antiwar dissenters under the Seditions and Espionage Acts. In 1920 it became the American Civil Liberties Union. This union would take place in many of the landmark cases that help bring out a "rights revolution." It also helped to give meaning to many of the traditional civil liberties and came up with some new ones (such as right to privacy).

Scopes Trial

John Scopes, a Tennessee public school teacher, was convicted for teaching evolution. The trial pitted religion against science, but more importantly, the traditional, fundamentalist values against the modern, secular perspective. It was the epitome of the culture wars.

"Clear and Present Danger"

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes spoke for the court saying that the First Amendment did not stop Congress from prohibiting speech and that presented a "clear and present danger" that could inspire illegal actions."

Fundamentalism

No wiggle room in interpretation, a strict adherence to a core set of beliefs. It was mainly a Protestant movement calling for the literal interpretation of the Bible and found large support in the rural areas of America (south & west).

Equal Rights Amendment

Proposed to eliminate political distinctions concerning sex.An amendment that was promoted by Alice Paul and the National Women's Party that wanted to eliminate any legal distinctions because of what sex the person was. Over debate were the topics of woman's freedom where one was based on motherhood and one was based on individual autonomy.

Sacco-Vanzetti Case

Sacco and Vanzetti were 2 Italian immigrants convicted for a crime with very little evidence. Their guilty verdict reflected the anti-immigrant and anti-radical attitude of American citizens, sentenced to death because they were anarchists and Italian. Worldwide protests happened as a result

Teapot Dome Scandal

Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall accepted almost $500,000 from private businessman who he leased government oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming. This was the most notorious scandal and he became the first cabinet member in history that was convicted of a felony.

Second Ku Klux Klan

Spurred by intense nativism and fundamentalism, we see the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, this time they were against immigrants, feminism, and unions. It was a rural movement rising against the urban forces. Resurgence of the Klan after a lynching in Atlanta. It grew to over 3 million by the mid 1920's.

"Illegal alien"

The law of 1924 established that any Chinese who tried to enter the country while there was the exclusion legislation would be classified as an "illegal alien." This was later to be exclusively with Latinos, it at first was referred to eastern and southern Europeans who wanted to get across the border from Mexico or Canada.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

This agency became a government lending bank. It was designed to provide indirect relief by assisting insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, and railroads.

"Welfare Capitalism"

Business leadership concerned with the wellbeing of workers. It was a more socially conscious business leadership than in the past. This also trumpeted the fact that people now paid more attention to the "human factor" while employing.