GLG Chapter One

When planets formed, their composition primarily depended on ______.

How close to the hot sun they were

Closer to the sun you have (more or less) metal, rock, ice and gas density? Which are the top four?

More - Mercury -Venus -Earth -Mars

What are two of the most challenging issues that face geoscientists?

The inability to recreate the conditions of nature in the lab The immensity of geologic time

Which layer of the earth is the largest?

The mantle is the largest "zone"

The blank cycle describes the movement of water on earth, whereas the blank cycle describes the recycling of minerals into different liquid and solid forms within and on earth's surface.

hydroligic, rock

What are the three most common elements of earth by weight?

iron oxygen silicon

Earth's earliest creatures are very rare in the rock record because they did not have hard

skeletons, teeth, shells etc

The earth was formed by

by the accretion of gas and dust from the solar nebula

Increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere since the mid-1700s is an example of how a growing population

causes changes in natural systems

The immensity of geologic time and the inability to recreate nature in the laboratory are two of the most poignant ______ for geoscientists.

challenges

Planets nearest to the sun:

contain very few minerals and high melting tempature. They also typically contain a large amount of metallic iron.

The movement of water, chemicals, and rocks on earth are all __ in nature

cyclic

Because distance from the sun is the primary factor in determining a planet's composition, those that are very close to the sun have ______ water and gas.

very little or none

The , in earth's atmosphere and oceans originated when the early earth melted and differentiated, and it was released from

water

When earth was in the early stages of formation, the heat necessary to melt parts of it, which eventually led to differentiated layers, came from ______. (Choose all that apply.)

-the impact of dust particles -radioactive decay -the impact of meteorites

Rank the element composition of earth by weight with the most common element on top.

1. Iron 2. Oxygen 3. Silicon 4. Magnesium,

approximately how old is the atmostphere?

12-14 billion years old

Because __ engineered crops are expensive to create, the poor nations that need them may not be able to afford them. Also, it is possible that their overuse could result in a catastrophic loss. Encouragingly, they provide a real possibility to increase food production by creating crops that are hardy, __ resistant, and high yield.

Blank 1: genetically Blank 2: disease or pest

What is the worldwide distribution of population and resources?

Both are unevenly distributed

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

Both are used to explain natural phenomena, but a theory is well accepted and thoroughly tested, whereas a hypothesis is not.

What is the order of the Earth's layers?

Core, Mantle, and Crust Core= iron/metal/nickle Mantle= iron rich silicates such as silicon and magnesium Crust= the outer most/continent and oceans crust:this is thicker and less dense containing materials like calcium potassium, sodium and aluminium.

Once a hypothesis has been proposed, it is tested through experiments and the collection of data. What can happen next?

The hypothesis is modified. The hypothesis is thrown out. The hypothesis is accepted. The hypothesis is retested. Need help? Review these concept resources.Read About the Concept Feedback Next Question Reading ©

The ______ is between 12 and 14 billion years old.

Universe

Understanding natural hazards, finding mineral resources, studying climate change, and dealing with waste disposal are all issues that are handled in the field of

geology/geoscience

Food production in the United States is energy intensive due to

mechanized farming methods long transportation distances fancy packaging

The oceanic crust is ______ than the continental crust.

more dense, and thinner

Genetically engineered food has and will continue to help increase worldwide food production. However, many concerns exist, including

poor countries not being able to afford the special foodstuffs

Which of the following describe the Big Bang? (Choose all that apply.)

-Before it occurred, all matter and energy existed in an extremely dense and small space. -It is the leading scientific theory for the origin of the universe. - it concerns rapid expansion

How do we know what the composition of earth's inner layers are? (Choose all that apply.)

Analysis of meteorites Analysis of stars

Why might a theory be proved incorrect?

Because of new instrumentation and methods, previously unknown data is brought to light.

Which of the following are widespread, significant problems addressed by geologists?

Determining how climate changes Finding new sources of fossil fuels Predicting locations and conditions in which natural hazards occur

What is carrying capacity?

The earth's ability to sustain a population at a certain standard of living

What is the scientific method?

The study of the natural world

Given the scientific estimates that earth is 4.5 billion years old and humans have been around for 500,000 years, what percent of time have humans existed?

less than .1