Global Issues Exam #1

What are the different kinds of weapons?

-Conventional weapons are those systems that make up the vast majority of all military arsenal. (guns, tanks, most artillery shells and bullets, planes, and ships. ) -Weapons of mass destruction are special weapons that have a devastating effect even when used in small numbers. (Nuclear, chemical, and biological systems)

What are the UN's different organs?

-General Assembly: The Assembly meets September-December and talks about worldwide issues. ---->Security Council: Keep peace and security in the world. They make recommendations to the general assembly. -Economic and Social Council: Central body for coordinating the economic and social work of the UN and its system. -Secretariat: Responsible for servicing the other organs of the UN and administering programs and policies laid down by them. -International Court of Justice: Court that settles legal disputes only between nations and not between individuals. The only organ located in Hauge, Netherlands. -Trusteeship Council: Supervise the administrations of 11 Trust Territories.

What caused WWII?

-Germany invading Poland -The Nazi rising -Japan bombing pearl harbor.

What was the legacy of WWI?

-Germany's economy was destroyed which lead to the Nazi group rise. -The Arab-israeli conflicts, including numerous wars. -Division of these countries after WWI, Balfour Declaration -Britain promise to India -UK/France-imperialism

What are some examples of globalization? Historical examples?

-HIV spreading around the world -South Korea's government lead a bad regime; democracy led by students -Traveling has been made a lot easier and faster -Mogol invasion of Europe and the middle east

How do we come to define threats of security?

-Human security threats would be if the state was not able to provide food, economic or social development -State security threats would be a threat that puts the state as a whole in danger of attacks by military

What are Global Issues?

-Issues that cross political boarders (country borders) = Issues that affect individuals in more than 1 country. -Issues that don't necessarily cross boarders but effect a large number of individuals throughout the world.

How did WWII change the world?

-It Gave Us The Word "Genocide" -It Changed Medical Ethics Forever -It Led To The Creation Of The United Nations -It Gave Us The World's First Real Computer.

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

-Organizations that work on global issues as part of civil society by working outside of government and compromise individual citizens working together on one or more problems. Tend to work on making their ideology better. -They are often made up of highly motivated people in the middle of a war or refugee camp, they can often achieve results that countries cannot. -They often pressure states to achieve a common goal, like pressuring states to take action to protect the environment.

What are the costs of globalization?

-Political: Unwanted external influence is difficult to keep out. -Economic: Explorative: economics only benefits a few which creates a gap between rich and poor -Cultural: Cultural imperialism: when dominate groups (primarily wealthier countries)force their cultures on others.

What are the benefits of globalization?

-Political: Weakens power of authoritarian government -Economic: Jobs, capital, more choices for consumers -Cultural: offers exposure to other cultures

What are some examples of each kind of power?

-Soft power: Talking things out and making the other person see your POV, vetoing. (diplomacy) -Hard power: Making military threats or using economic leverage to get what you want. -Smart power: Engagement of a strong military power and diplomacy.

What are the different kinds of power?

-Soft power: The ability to persuade/get someone to want what you want with attraction. -Hard power: Coercive power(involves military threats and economic stance). -Smart power: The mixture of both hard power and smart power. (knowing when to use which)

How do we proliferate?

-Vertical proliferation is the development and stockpiling of armaments in one country. -Horizontal proliferation is the spread of weapons or weapons technology across country borders.

Why is weapons proliferation a concern?

-Wars are fought with weapons to defend citizens -weapons are used by murderous regimes against their own people and by terrorists. -Some weapons have the capacity to destroy the entire planet. -we need to pay attention to what weapons exist, who has them, and how they should be controlled.

What were the stages of the Holocaust?

1. Creation of ghettos (seperation) 2. dehumanized 3.citizenship taken away 4.business struggling

How many died in the Holocaust?

10 million died; 6 million Jews-4 million others

What is a nation?

A large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.

What was Yugoslavia and how was it break-up significant?

A really interesting mix of identities that had an Ethic cleansing of Bosnian and Muslims (rape camps, men were not allowed to work and were also murdered) Why it was important: ethnic identity, religious identity, nationalist identity all combined into one place and the Bosnians got blamed for all of it and the society was eradicated. (people were raped and killed)

What is Nationalism?

A shared sense of identity based on important social distinctions that have the purpose of gaining or keeping control of the group's own destiny. ->People unite into groups in pursuit of certain goals. Often this sense of shared identity becomes political. When the goal is self-determination for the group, the shared identification has become nationalism. Thus national self-determination is the main purpose of nationalism.

What is state sovereignty?

A state (also referred to as a country) is a political unit that has sovereignty over a geographical area. Sovereignty refers to the fact that the state is self-governing; that is, there is no external group or person that has authority over it. "boss of your own turf."

How is a nation different from a state?

A state has defined borders, a nation doesn't because its a shared identity.

What caused WWI?

A toxic mix of nationalism, militarism, and imperialism -> The direct cause of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

What is the United Nations NOT?

A world government. As a matter of fact, respect for state sovereignty is one of its founding principles.

What should we learn from the Holocaust?

Be wary of any politician/leader who does so by dehumanizing a particular class of people. This type of behavior is similar to what the Nazis did starting the Holocaust. -We also learn that this was a multistep process, that took time and planning and political effort over multiple years. -It can happen anywhere.

How would you describe the global distribution of wealth and power?

Big impact on countries, power over things sometimes the government can't even control, money influences.

Where are the world's top buyers of conventional weapons?

China

What kinds of nationalism are there?

Civic: based on citizenship; associated with the Western experience. individual rights, tolerance and diversity Ethic: Based on ethnicity. It's dependent on blood ties, bonds to the land, and native traditions. Rose in the East and the South as a response to the west; Pro-state: supports the existing state. It tends to originate in, or at least be guided by, the rulers of the state and is often termed official nationalism. It acts as the link between a unified people and their legitimate government. Anti-state: It is the unifying ideology of a people who oppose what they see as an illegitimate state. anticolonialism: a group of nationalists unites and organize their people in order to overthrow a foreign, colonial state.

How are MNCs involved in globalization?

Due to their economic strength and global networks, Nike, Apple, Toyota, and many other TNCs have gained increasing power in recent years to affect global issues. MNCs boost states economic growth. They bring with them huge investments and capital. And then through subsidiaries, joint ventures, branches, factories they promote rapid industrial growth.

What are some examples of nationalism?

Ethic: A Kurd is an ethnic nationalist Civic: a person born in the USA being proud of being American, and supporting the ideals of the state.

What was the Warsaw Pact?

Formally was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland between the Soviet Union and seven Eastern Bloc satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.

Why should you care about global issues?

Global issues allows us to understand how certain problems are affecting either at an international or national level. It is important to be aware of these issues, as it will determine the future of a state, community or civilization.

What are the different conceptions of security? How are they different?

Human and security, people have different definitions depending on what state they live in.

What is security?

Human security: Social, food, economic State security: military

What are some examples of terrorist organizations?

ISIS, the Taliban, Al-Shabaab

How is the concept of nationality changing?

Internet communications(faster and easier communication) help groups of people find and connect with one another as long as they feel connected to that state, culture, religion, etc.

Why is Nationalism Important?

It can liberate, oppress or empower people These communities determine how we interact with others and with whom we interact. They affect our perception of ourselves and of others.

What is a possible future of the state system?

It depends on the state; one state can have a very developed state system while another can be very corrupt. Such things are global warming can be a factor that affects states system.

How is WWII related to the evolution of the international system?

It helped add on to the Israeli conflict

What are the costs of a NGO membership?

It is very limited as they focus on just one thing. It also does not have the same power as an IGO.

Why is sovereignty important in the international system?

It keeps the countries in check depending on how much power they have. -It allows for structure to be made

What are the benefits of a NGO membership?

It will allow the organization to focus on one specific problem, and have the best working solution.

What are some examples of Nations?

Jewish, Kurds, scots, Lakota, and Hmong.

What are the benefits of an IGO membership?

Mutual defense and cooperation between states, it gives legitimacy on the international stage and can also be very beneficial for less powerful states.

What are Multinational Corporations (MNCs)?

Often referred to as transnational corporations (TNCs), They're corporations that work on one issue, but tend to stick to issues that will benefit them when solved. Their job is to make money and use money to get what they want. Ex: Apple may put out a lot of ads about saving the earth but that is because they are being paid to advertise that.

International Organizations (IGOs) What are they? What do they do?

Organizations made up by states that want that want to work together to make an effort to keep peace in the world, regulates what states do in order to avoid war and conflicts. They also promote human rights, environmental protection and social development.

What are some negative aspects of state sovereignty?

States can not control what happens in another state (China's bad treatment of muslims)

What are the costs of an IGO membership?

States must give up part of their sovereignty, must agree to work under the rules of the organization.

What countries were involved in WWI?

The Allies (Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States). VS. Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria).

What was the Cold War?

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States because they both had nuclear weapons.

What are some examples of "proxy wars" fought during the Cold War?

The Korean War (1950 -1953), the Vietnam War (1955 - 1975) and the Soviet Afghanistan War. The United States and the Soviet Union also tried to fight the Cold War by demonstrating its power and technology.

What was NATO?

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949.

What are some examples of NGOs?

The Red Cross, Greenpeace, Amnesty International, World Vision, and Doctors Without Borders are just a few of the thousands that exist.

What was the legacy of the Cold War?

The United States emerged as the sole superpower in the world and ideology wise, capitalism trumped communism.

What is power?

The ability to get others to do what they would not have otherwise done

What is the United Nations (UN)?

The broadest and strongest International Governmental Organization (IGO) ever created in the 1945 aftermath of WWII to try and bring cooperation between different states.

What is Weapons Proliferation?

The expansion of weapons. (Either selling or buying)

What are some positive aspects of state sovereignty?

The government is able to govern over its people if doing so properly, and the state will run well in all aspects; economically, politically and socially -people have a stake in their government, and governments sought legitimacy for their rule.

What are some examples of attempts made to stop or slow weapons proliferation?

The government regulating it. through... -Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) was an agreement to halt the spread of nuclear weapons beyond the five declared nuclear powers. -The Biological Weapons Convention of 1972 was the first major effort to gain some control over the world's deadly biological arsenal. More than 140 countries agreed to ban the development and stockpiling of biological agents. -Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC): This treaty committed all signatories to cease development and stockpiling of chemical weapons. and a bunch of other damn treaties

What countries were involved in WWII?

The main combatants were the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) VS. Allies (France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China).

What is terrorism?

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

What is Globalization?

The way countries and people of the world interact and integrate. The intensification of economic, political, social and cultural relations across borders.

Why is the NATO and Warsaw Pact significant?

They were significant because they were defense alliances that were meant to defend its member nations in order to deter an enemy attack.

How did the state come into being?

Through government power, geographical border lines (mountains, rivers), Wars also defined how countries were divided. Reparations (France on Germany)

What are the UN's founding objectives?

To form peace and help states have economic and social development.

How was WWI related to the evolution of the international system?

Two things that came out of WWI.. -Treaty of Versaille: the USA ways to align with the free world; ended WW1 -League of Nations: Help maintain world peace

What are some examples of IGO?

UNICEF, United Nations, World Bank, European Union

Why do certain states have different conceptions of security?

USA sees it different because each state has different struggles or issues.

Where are the world's top sellers of conventional weapons?

United States

What countries were the main antagonists in the Cold War?

United States and soviet union

How are the 5 permanent members of the Security Council?

United States, Russia France, China and the United Kingdom. Biggest Global Impact of Power

What are WMDs?

Weapons of mass destruction: Chemical, biological, Nuclear

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis and why was it significant?

When the soviet union started operating in Cuba with the Castro administration; the USA was scared as missiles were pointed at the country and communism was too close to home It was significant because the world could be destroyed. The missiles were very close to the U.S

What is a State?

a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government. Ex: USA, France, Russia, etc.

What was the legacy of WWII?

human suffering stands out as the key legacy of WW2 -the creation of the UN -Israel; the separation of the middle east

Why do states want WMDs?

security and prestige

What are conventional weapons?

those systems that make up the vast majority of all military arsenal. Tanks, AK-47, machine guns.