Global Marketing Chapter 1, Global Marketing Chapter 2, Global Marketing Chapter 3

Which of the following are consequences of imposing tariffs?

International relations are weakened. The sources of supply for manufacturers become restricted. Government control in economic matters becomes greater. (All of these)

Which of the following statements is true regarding companies with "alien status"?

They are more likely to be treated unfairly or unfavorably by government officials.

Which of the following is a feature common of the no direct foreign marketing stage and the infrequent foreign marketing stage of international marketing involvement?

They are not the result of plans developed specifically to expand a business internationally.

Which of the following are characteristics of individuals with global awareness?

They are tolerant of cultural differences. They have knowledge of cultures and history. (All of these)

Which of the following statements is true regarding the internationalization of U.S. business?

U.S. companies are necessarily having to deal with foreign businesses, even within the United States.

Which of the following is most likely to achieve faster internationalization?

a company with high technology

A feature shared by the no direct foreign marketing stage and the infrequent foreign marketing stage of international marketing involvement is that both stages

are more reactive to circumstances than the other stages.

At which stage of international marketing involvement do companies begin their international involvement?

at any stage

A company becomes a multinational marketing firm when it

begins producing goods in countries beyond its home market.

Which of the following are types of exchange-control restrictions?

blocking currency government approval for foreign exchange (All of these)

Global awareness

concerns knowledge of world market potentials and global economic, social, and political trends.

Which of the following is a best practice by a manager in international marketing?

developing a marketing program that properly takes into account business climate uncertainties

The infrequent foreign marketing stage

does not call for a reorganization of company organization or its product lines.

A company's ability to engage in capital investment depends a great deal on

domestic economic vitality

When faced with a problem from any culture, people tend to react instinctively based on

knowledge that is a product of the history of their own culture.

To impede the entry of unwanted goods into its markets, countries commonly impose which of the following types of barriers?

legal exchange psychological (All of these)

A country resorts to protectionism in order to

prevent foreign companies from intruding on domestic markets.

Which of the following help spur internationalization?

small home markets large production capacities managers with good international connections (All of these)

The government of a nation imposes a tax on goods that enter its borders. This tax is known as a(n)

tariff.

Which of the following are the chief obstacles to being successful in international marketing?

the self-reference criterion ethnocentrism (All of these)

Which of the following are reasons that protectionists want government to impose restrictions on trade?

to maintain the standard of living to keep up employment and reduce unemployment to protect natural resources (All of these)

Which of the following are reasons for imposing certain nontariff barriers to trade?

to safeguard product quality to ensure safety to protect health (All of these)

The location of energy sources and other natural resources are _____.

geographic accidents

To analyze markets and their surroundings correctly, businesses should study the target markets'

geography.

Companies treat both their home market and the rest of world as one market during the _____ stage of international marketing involvement.

global marketing

Violators are assessed antidumping duties when

goods are sold in a market below cost

Balance-of-payment statements are mainly used by

government agencies.

Which of the following enabled U.S. companies to expand exports and investment worldwide following World War II?

growing consumer and industrial markets a rise in standards of living (All of these)

Which of the following are unintended consequences of globalization?

the loss of cultures exploitation of workers increased oil prices diminished national sovereignty (All of these)

The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act is designed to

handle what appear to be unjust trading practices deal effectively with trade deficits help businesses increase their international competitiveness (All of these)

The United States spread the ideal of capitalism worldwide after World War II in order to

hinder the spread of communism.

The development of the Internet and mobile telephones have affected which of the following?

the way businesses operate the way international business operations are managed economic growth (All of these)

The monetary barrier of blocked currency is used for which of the following purposes?

to help protect a balance-of-payments position

Which of the following are objectives of the International Monetary Fund?

to stabilize foreign exchange rates to help expand international trade to establish freely convertible currencies (All of these)

There is _____ as long as one group of people wants something that another group has, and there is a means of travel between the two groups.

trade

When there is ______ among countries, financial transactions take place between businesses or consumers of the countries.

trade

In a time when commerce is increasing among developing countries, the most rapidly expanding _____ are not the traditional ones.

trade routes

Since World War II, the institutions under the World Bank Group have been instrumental in the expansion of international

trade.

The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act directs that

trading partners must be dealt with on the basis of how they actually act.

The International Monetary Fund was formed so that

unstable currencies would not become barriers to trade.

To convert resources into ______, a company must have raw materials and a cost-effective supply of energy.

usable products

President James Monroe is famous for a public statement that became a key element in the foreign policy of the United States. This document was called the Monroe _______________.

Doctrine

What is the fundamental difference between domestic marketing and international marketing?

Domestic marketing activities take place in only one country.

In which of the following areas was improvement made in the Uruguay Round agreement?

valuation of customs safeguards and standards antidumping rules of origin (All of these)

What were the purposes of making improvements in rules and procedures in certain areas in the Uruguay Round agreement?

to make them predictable to make them open to make them equitable (All of these)

Which of the following are objectives of the World Bank Group?

to promote sustainable growth to reduce poverty to improve standards of living (All of these)

Marketers should have some knowledge of the ______ of a country to discern the relationship between government and business, managers and those they manage, power structures within companies, and how the citizens feel about foreign businesses.

history

To truly understand the thoughts and actions of a nation or a culture, marketers must consider that region's

history and geography.

To appreciate how a society sees itself and how it views foreigners, a marketer should study the culture, both in the present and throughout its

history.

In addition to _____, the nations of the world derive energy from sources such as firewood, petroleum, nuclear power plants, ocean tides, and heat from the sun and from Earth itself.

human energy

In many underdeveloped countries, most of the energy is derived from

human labor.

International trade patterns were disrupted in the last half of the twentieth century because of the

ideological split between countries with a socialist Marxist approach and those with a democratic capitalist approach.

When internal conditions deteriorate, a country can strengthen its domestic economy by

imposing restrictions against foreign investment.

The level of technology is an uncontrollable element that can often be misread owing to the

vast differences that may exist between developed and developing countries.

_____________ marketing is the type of marketing that involves pricing and promoting the goods and services of a company to customers in more than one country.

International

Who bases their decisions and judgments about markets on a given perspective, and they need to be aware of what that perspective is.

International marketers

Some developing countries collect substantial fees by accepting ______ from other nations that are willing to pay for this disposal service.

wastes

In Japan, people traditionally have come together against outsiders who pose a danger to the

welfare of the community.

Which of the following services are performed by institutions under the World Bank Group?

providing investors with investment guarantees against noncommercial risk helping to settle disputes between governments and foreign investors lending money to strengthen the private sector of developing countries (All of these)

The limit that a government places on imports in terms of number of units or dollar amounts is called a(n) __________________.

quota

Trade treaties before the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade tended to

raise barriers.

When dealing with a difficult situation in a culture different from their own, people tend to

react according to their self-reference criterion.

A deficit results on a country's balance-of-payments statement when

receipts are less than international payments.

Countries use import licenses to

regulate the flow and amount of imported goods.

Many _____ discourage or prohibit family planning, which impedes population control.

religions

When a company is in the stage of regular foreign marketing, the company's marketing

remains focused on operations and production for servicing its domestic market.

Which of the following barriers impede market access?

restrictive technical standards customs barriers restrictive licensing requirements tariffs and quotas (All of these)

Companies are completely engaged in international marketing activities in the ______ stage of international marketing involvement.

international marketing

Which of the following is a social globalization measure?

international tourism

The unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decisions is known as a(n) ______.

self-reference criterion

Which of the following statements accurately describes domestic environment uncontrollables?

They can directly affect a foreign venture even though they are elements within a business's home country.

In regular foreign marketing, an increase in overseas demand leads to _____.

setting aside part of what is produced for foreign sales

Which of the following statements is true of some large foreign companies that entered the U.S. market by exporting their products into the United States?

They eventually became so successful selling their products to the U.S. market that they decided to open manufacturing plants in the United States.

Which of the following statements are true about companies engaged in regular foreign marketing?

They may have their own sales force in important foreign markets. They may employ domestic overseas intermediaries. (All of these)

Without reducing or at least stabilizing the population in developing nations, many countries will experience

slower economic growth. deterioration of public and social services. (All of these)

Which of the following is a practice that international marketers should follow?

They should seek to understand the people and their culture in each country in which the marketers will implement a marketing program.

It is important to build thriving economies worldwide and still preserve the environment for posterity. To address the problem of environmental degradation, governments, institutions, and commercial enterprises are emphasizing

social responsibility and ethics.

A feature of infrequent foreign marketing is that it

involves selling products that are not expected to remain available to foreign buyers.

Motwino, a popular footwear manufacturing brand, is performing clean-up operations across the world to reduce its industrial waste. The company is also insisting that suppliers follow suit. This is an illustration of Motwino's awareness of its

social responsibility.

Which of the following are reasons the import relief section of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act was created?

to reduce competitive pressure to combat severe financial harm to compensate loss of market share (All of these)

Which of the following can be presented before a panel of experts selected by the World Trade Organization?

issues related to foods that are genetically modified disputes related to quotas for raw materials matters regarding country-of-origin labeling (All of these)

Antidumping laws

keep out certain imports.

Cultural attitudes that encourage ______ are the main reason some societies have not achieved population control.

large families

Which of the following issues and laws were addressed in the export expansion section of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act?

promotion of exports export controls the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (All of these)

Which of the following arguments in favor of protectionism do economists support?

protecting infant industries strengthening national defense industrializing underdeveloped nations (All of these)

With increasing competition in world markets, there is growing tendency to adopt ______.

protectionism

To fully understand a country's culture in light of its commerce and politics, one must cultivate a(n) _____ of its history.

subjective perception

Many businesses are accepting the concept of _____ development as a scenario where all sides win.

sustainable

Each impressive new development in _____ has deeply changed human conditions, economic prosperity, and the way business operates.

technology

Which of the following are social globalization measures?

telephone traffic Internet users televisions foreign population (All of these)

Which of the following are features of international trade in the twenty-first century? (Select all that apply.)

Countries are more interdependent economically. There are greater opportunities for international trade. (All of these)

Which of the following are means by which governments create barriers to currency exchange?

the amount of exchange the rate of exchange rules regarding how quickly exchanged currency can be used (All of these)

True or false: Subjectively, Mexicans see the United States as a threat to their political, economic, and cultural sovereignty.

True Reason: Mexicans have a love-hate relationship with the United States because they see the United States as a threat to their political, economic, and cultural sovereignty.

Which of the following is the primary concern of an international marketer?

the challenging situations that must be handled depending on the location

Some evidence indicates that _____ decrease as economies grow.

fertility rates

China's struggle to manage _____ waste leads to other urgent dilemmas, such as how to manage hazardous waste.

industrial

When China imposes regulations on _____ waste, businesses must find ways to dispose of hazardous waste, which is _____ of measures to reduce pollution.

industrial; a by-product

A deficit on a country's balance-of-payments statement can be reduced or eliminated when

the country's international receipts increase. the country's expenditures decrease in other countries. (All of these)

Which of the following are accurate statements about a quota?

It places an absolute limit on imported items. It tends to raise prices.

Voluntary export restraints (VERs) impose restrictions on the

volume of exports.

In the context of international marketing, rank the following steps in a cross-cultural analysis that isolates the SRC influences in the correct order of occurrence, with the first step at the top.

1. Define the business problem in terms of home-country cultural traits, habits, or norms. 2. Define the business problem in terms of foreign-country cultural traits, habits, or norms by consulting with persons native to the target country. 3. Isolate the SRC influence in the problem and examine it carefully to determine how it complicates the problem. 4. Redefine the problem without SRC influence and solve for the optimum business goal situation.

_____ refers to the efforts that international marketers make to foresee how foreign and domestic uncontrollable factors affect a marketing mix and then to implement appropriate changes to the mix.

Adaptation

Which of the following are typical reasons for exchange-control restrictions enacted by a government?

Balance-of-payments positions are preserved. Particular industries are encouraged. (All of these)

The treaty of Nanjing specifically included provisions allowing ______ throughout the realm.

Christian evangelism

Match the various kinds of floats (in the left column) with their corresponding descriptions (in the right column).

Clean float: Countries are not permitted to manipulate currencies Dirty float: Countries are permitted to manipulate currencies

______ can be sufficiently diverse to require major adjustments even within a single national market. For example, products may need alterations due to different environmental conditions.

Climate

Which of the following statements are true of the global marketing stage of international marketing involvement? (Check all that apply.)

Companies adopt this stage once they cross the threshold at which more than half their sales revenues come from abroad. Companies in this stage define market segments based on income levels and usage patterns. (All of these)

The ______ philosophy, which stresses the importance of loyalty, has been part of Japanese culture since ancient times.

Confucian

The people of Japan have a long history of emphasizing qualities such as devotion, dependability, hard work, and skill. These cultural values are based on ______ philosophy.

Confucian

Theodore Roosevelt used the Roosevelt ______ to pressure the Dominican Republic to accept an economic adviser from the United States; he soon became the country's financial director.

Corollary

Match the types of accounts in a balance-of-payments statement (in the left column) with the items they contain (in the right column).

Current Account: unilateral transfers of funds; merchandise imports, exports; services Capital Account: short-term capital movements; portfolio investment; direct investment Reserves Account: increases or decreases in foreign exchange; increases or decreases in liabilities to foreign central banks

Which of the following are elements of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

Customs tariffs can be used to protect domestic industries. Problems in global trade will be solved through consultation. Trade will be nondiscriminatory. (All of these)

Which of the following statements is true about foreign environment uncontrollables?

Determining how to adjust to foreign environment uncontrollables is difficult because of unfamiliar cultural, political, and economic factors.

Which of the following are results of the trade barriers that governments set up?

Development of domestic industry is encouraged. Existing industry is protected. (All of these)

Which of the following is a factor that complicates the international marketer's task?

Each country that a company does business in will have uncontrollable factors that differ from those of other countries.

The dramatic increase in economic growth in the industrialized world and the push for industrialization in the remaining world have put tremendous pressure on which of the following?

Earth's energy resources

Which of the following led to the creation of new global marketing opportunities?

Economic cooperation and assistance developed at a large scale. Countries that were previously underdeveloped and economies that were war-torn grew rapidly. (All of these)

______ reveal where goods and services are located and where they are needed, and they offer a way to communicate immediately across vast distances.

Effective communications

_____ problems become more obvious as nations around the world continue to build their industries and expand their economies.

Environmental

True or false: The World Trade Organization (WTO) has strict means of enforcing decisions that are made by the panel of experts.

False

True or false: Countries involved in economic progress believe that environmental protection is optional, not imperative.

False Reason: This statement is false. In general, societies have come to believe that environmental protection is essential.

True or false: Protests against global organizations, such as the WTO and IMF, stem from the basic complaint that globalization hinders international trade efforts.

False Reason: This statement is false. The basic complaint of protesters against the WTO, IMF, and others is the amalgam of unintended consequences of globalization.

True or false: Only governments, corporations, and special interest groups are responsible for preserving the environment.

False Reason: This statement is false. The responsibility for protecting the environment rests with each citizen.

In the context of infrequent foreign marketing, which of the following is a feature of sales to foreign marketers?

Foreign sales can be made when surplus production makes goods available.

______ (the study of the world's terrain, climate patterns, nations, and civilizations) is an aspect of the business environment that cannot be controlled.

Geography

Which of the following statements are true?

Global awareness is related to "cultural intelligence." Global awareness includes a willingness to learn how cultures differ from one another. (All of these)

What are two primary reasons people migrate from rural to urban areas? (Select all that apply.)

Health care Job prospects (All of these)

In the context of a nation's balance-of-payments statement, which account is primarily of interest to international business?

the current account

Jake, an international marketer, is creating a marketing program for a culturally diverse foreign country. To avoid errors in his decisions, he decides to conduct a cross-cultural analysis that isolates the self-reference criterion (SRC) influences. He begins by defining his business goals in terms of home-country cultural traits and foreign-country cultural traits. Which of the following must he do next?

Isolate the SRC influences in the problem and examine them.

In the context of controlling imports, which of the following is a true statement about an import license?

It can be used to restrict imports on a case-by-case basis.

Which of the following statements is true about infrequent foreign marketing?

It can result from temporary surpluses in product caused by variations in production levels or demand.

Which of the following statements is true about the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

It created a forum in which member countries could seek lower tariffs for their products.

Which of the following statements about the original General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade is true?

It created an agency to oversee international business transactions.

Which of the following is a typical consequence of company's having "alien status" in the context of international marketing?

It increases the difficulty of gauging changes in the international business climate.

Which of the following statements is true about the history of a country?

It influences the way a country views itself in comparison to other nations.

Which of the following statements about the World Trade Organization are accurate?

It issues binding decisions on members. It is an institution. It encompasses the structure of GATT. (All of these)

Which of the following statements is accurate about infrequent foreign marketing?

It produces little financial return for the short duration of international sales.

Which of the following are accurate statements about a nation's balance-of-payments statement?

It records all financial transactions between residents and the rest of the world. It maintains records through a double-entry bookkeeping system. (All of these)

Which of the following are accurate statements about the General Agreement on Trade in Services?

It sought to make additional changes in opening up the telecommunications and financial services sectors. It set up procedures concerning business and investment. (All of these)

Which of the following international situations have an effect on U.S. businesses, even those that are not involved in international trade?

the economic and political power of the European Union the success of South Korean exports China's changing economy the political turmoil in the Middle East (All of these)

The concept of ______ helped convince the people of the United States that the nation should absorb Texas, Oregon, New Mexico, and California and later become engaged in Cuba, Alaska, Hawaii, and the Philippines.

Manifest Destiny

The most broad reading of ______ indicated that God had selected the people of the United States to set up a society that would serve as an ideal pattern for the rest of the world to follow.

Manifest Destiny

Which of the following statements about U.S. companies and foreign firms is correct?

Many well-known U.S. companies have been bought or will be bought by companies in other countries.

Which of the following statements is true about the global marketing stage of international marketing involvement?

Market segmentation decisions are not necessarily based on country-to-country criteria.

The U.S. program to help Europe rebuild after World War II was the

Marshall Plan.

______ often occurs when people want better opportunities for education, health care, and jobs.

Migration

The ______ mandated three things: Europe would not be allowed to continue colonizing the two American continents; it would not meddle in governments there; and the United States would not meddle in European politics.

Monore Doctrine

Many citizens of the United States believe that the ______ prevents Europe from colonizing and politically manipulating Latin America.

Monroe Doctrine

Some Latin Americans think that the ______ is an annoying example of the United States meddling in Latin American affairs.

Monroe Doctrine

The ______ mandated three things: Europe would not be allowed to continue colonizing the two American continents; it would not meddle in governments there; and the United States would not meddle in European politics.

Monroe Doctrine

Which of the following statements is true about international marketing?

More and more companies have found that it has become a business necessity to participate in international markets. Marketers cannot control certain elements of marketing, such as competition, legal regulations, and consumer sentiment. International marketers need to recognize that they will need to make cultural adjustments when working in foreign markets they do not know well. (All of these)

Which of the following show that the World Trade Organization has gained acceptance by the trading community?

More than 60 countries have joined the WTO. The WTO has actively settled trade disputes. The WTO has conducted successful negotiations to open markets in information technology and telecommunication. (All fo these)

_____ growth in some regions has become too low to maintain current levels because of factors such as women opting for careers instead of building families, and working couples deciding not to have children.

Population

_____ is most likely in a society that has sufficient money, food, health care, widespread literacy, education for women, family planning, and a culture that places less emphasis on large families.

Population control

The ______ declared that the United States would prevent non-American entities from meddling in Latin American affairs; it would police the region; and it would ensure that Latin American countries would comply with their obligations to other nations.

Roosevelt Corollary

The ______ helped the United States obtain the Panama Canal Zone from Colombia and organize a provisional government in Cuba a few years later.

Roosevelt Corollary

Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine with provisions called the __________________ ___________________.

Roosevelt Corollary

______ development is an attempt to balance the needs of the environment, the economy, and people.

Sustainable

Which of the following are correct statements about tariffs?

Tariffs tend to discourage the importation of goods. Tariffs are based on quantity or value of goods. Tariffs help generate government revenue. (All of these)

Which of the following are problems associated with a government requirement that exchange amounts be on deposit for a period of time prior to the date goods are imported?

The Importer does not have use of the funds for other business purposes. The practice tends to raise the price of the imported goods. The value of the funds can be reduced by inflation. (All of these)

In the context of a nation's balance-of-payments statement, which of the following reasons explain why the current account is of particular interest to international business?

The account shows all payments and receipts from investments and overseas employment. The account records the value of all imported and exported merchandise and services. (All of these)

Which of the following statements is true about U.S. companies with only domestic markets?

The companies have difficulty in sustaining their customary growth rates when compared to their multinational competitors.

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding U.S. companies with only domestic operations?

The companies in manufacturing are outperformed by their multinational competitors.

Which of the following statements is true about a company in the no direct foreign marketing stage?

The company does not actively seek customers outside national boundaries.

Which of the following statements are accurate about a company in the no direct foreign marketing stage of international marketing involvement?

The company may make sales to trading companies. The company may make sales to foreign customers who contact the firm directly. Some of the company's products may reach foreign markets. (All of these)

A country signs the the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and becomes a member. In doing so, the country agrees to which of the following?

The country will use consultation in resolving global trade issues.

Which of the following factors give a company "alien status"?

The management of the business is unfamiliar with the culture of a host country. The business is controlled by foreigners. (All of these)

Which of the following statements is true concerning how international marketers must implement their plans?

The plans can vary considerably depending on the country, but marketing principles and concepts can be applied anywhere.

Which of the following is true of almost all American businesses today?

Their performance is at least partly influenced by events in other countries.

Which of the following is true of individuals with global awareness?

They accept and work with people who have cultural differences.

Which of the following statements about tariffs is true?

They are arbitrary.

_____ keep the world connected, make distances seem shorter, bypass natural barriers, compensate for scanty resources, and reduce the basic differences between societies and economies.

Trade routes

______ are often established when countries surmount economic and social imbalances caused to some extent by their geography.

Trade routes

True or false: A firm may be in more than one stage of international marketing involvement at any given time.

True

True or false: A voluntary export restraint is called "voluntary" because limits on the volume of exported goods are set by the exporting country.

True

True or false: In the no direct foreign marketing stage of international marketing involvement, unexpected orders from a foreign buyer can prompt interest in pursuing international sales.

True

True or false: Sometimes trade can be restricted by using standards.

True

True or false: The source of most of the problems that foreign marketers have with their marketing programs is the marketers' unfamiliarity with their environment.

True

True or false: The surpluses of product that result in infrequent foreign marketing are typically only temporary surpluses.

True

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade became a part of the World Trade Organization with the ratification of the

Uruguay Round agreements.

The World Trade Organization was created following the signing of the

Uruguay Round trade agreement.

Laws related to antidumping policies are permitted under the rules of the

World Trade Organization.

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was signed by the United States and 22 other countries in the years immediately following

World War II.

After China was humbled by foreigners during the Opium Wars, the people felt ______ toward the Chinese government.

a loss of confidence

The key issue that drove the Opium War (1839-1842) was

a power struggle between China and foreign merchants.

The issue of how open foreign markets are for the entry of U.S. goods is addressed by way of market _____________.

access

Which features of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act have helped to improve export trade?

access to trade data through the National Trade Data Bank filing and tracking of export license requests using computer-based procedures (All of these)

Successful international marketing depends on

adjusting to how market environments differ from one another.

Which of the following trends will substantially affect world business and world economic conditions?

aging of the global population increasing population in the developing world (All of these)

Which of the following refers to the situation in which a country does not allow goods or services to be exported to a specified country?

an embargo

The country of Cileria refuses to sell goods to its neighboring country Isotola after a series of armed border clashes with Isotola troops. In this scenario, Cileria's decision is an example of

an embargo.

For each dollar of gross national product, China spends three times as much for energy as an average country would, which indicates

an inefficient use of energy.

If imports economically harm a U.S. company even though the imports are fairly priced, the company can

ask the government for temporary relief.

An ever-expanding variety of goods and services are in demand by consumers all around the world. Given the importance of world trade, countries are inclined to

attempt to control the trade for their own benefit.

The international financial transactions of a nation are recorded by a system of accounts. This system of accounts is known as the ______________ ___________ _________________.

balance of payments

The perception of historic events is always somewhat skewed by one's own ______ and ______ criteria.

biases; self-reference

Negotiations of trade treaties were historically made on a ______ basis.

bilateral

A political dispute arises between the governments of two trading countries, Ataya and Hembark. Consequently, the government of Ataya decides to restrict the import of goods from Hembark and sever all trading relations with it. In this scenario, Atava's decision is an example of a government

boycott.

The complete restriction that a government places on buying or bringing in specific goods from another country is called a ________

boycott.

Nations that most often experience major ______ tend to have the poorest economies.

calamities

A feature of the controllable elements of marketing decisions is that they

can eventually be changed if necessary.

A country wants to maintain a record of its direct investment. The entry should be made in the ______ account.

capital

Mountains, oceans, rain forests, and other natural barriers can substantially reduce

commerce and economic expansion.

Which of the following is one of the foundations of all trade?

communication

Each innovative _____ has generated new business models, but some firms have missed these opportunities and gone out of business..

communications technology

Which of the following is an uncontrollable element of marketing decisions?

competition

In the context of international marketing, a relatively new problem facing U.S. companies is

competition from their global competitors in the United States.

In evaluating potential ______ markets, businesses should value the presence of large numbers of people.

consumer

The importance of ______ for the good of all is a basic belief in Japanese culture.

cooperation

Which of the following are international investments (the minus side) on the U.S. balance-of-payments statement?

cost of goods that are imported cost of foreign military and economic aid money spent by U.S. tourists overseas new overseas investments (All of these)

Understanding the history of Japan helps a foreigner learn ______ and comprehend why the Japanese behave the way they do.

cultural sensitivity

The way a population usually responds to various circumstances can be referred to as

culture.

In industrial countries, the population is _____ and _____. Meanwhile, in developing countries, the population is growing rapidly.

decreasing; aging

China is struggling with an urgent dilemma, the _____ of hazardous wastes without merely dumping the problem in a new location.

disposal

The character of a region's land and climate, floods and other natural catastrophes, wars, and mismanagement of resources can cause financially unstable countries to slide deeper into

economic stagnation.

The expansion of commerce has been made easier by constantly improving ______ communications.

electronic

An objective of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is to

eliminate barriers that discriminate against foreign services.

The World Trade Organization has achieved success by

engaging in continuous discussions to resolve issues that hinder trade.

All nations must address mounting worldwide _____ problems such as ecosystems being degraded, hazardous waste being improperly managed, and people being forced to find new homes.

environmental

During the past decade, countries, companies, and societies in general began to believe that _____ is a fundamental element of doing business.

environmental protection

Many people now believe that every individual has a social and moral imperative to view ______ as one of the most important personal priorities.

environmental protection

Debra is a technical analyst at an IT solutions firm. She believes that co-workers who come from the same country and share her background have the best solutions to work-related problems. She always seeks the help of such co-workers when dealing with issues at work. In the context of obstacles to marketing, this scenario illustrates

ethnocentrism.

The belief that the way people in your own company or culture do things is the best way of doing them is known as

ethnocentrism.

A country's balance-of-payments statement serves which of the following purposes?

evaluating the country's international economic position

International trade contracts are commonly written in terms of special drawing rights because ______ do not usually affect special drawing rights.

exchange-rate fluctuations

Which of the following are crucial for U.S. trade, according to the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act?

expansion of exports import relief access to market (All of these)

Participants in the Basel Convention signed an agreement mandating that countries had to obtain approval before disposing of wastes in other countries. Later the agreement was altered to prohibit developed nations from

exporting any hazardous wastes.

Which of the following is the most common way governments try to lower birthrates?

family planning

Financial considerations, self-esteem, religious views, the political environment, and the average person's level of education greatly influence a society's beliefs about appropriate

family size.

The treaty of Nanjing was insignificant because it failed to settle the issue of

foreign access to Chinese trade.

A U.S.-based multinational has its operations in a developing country. Owing to the election of a president with conservative trade policies in the host country, operations have been brought to a standstill. This scenario illustrates

foreign environment uncontrollables.

After millions of people died during the Taiping Rebellion in the mid-1800s, the Chinese leadership became distrustful toward ______ and ______.

foreign influences; religious movements

The second Opium War (1857-1860) led to more privileges for _____.

foreign merchants

The global marketplace has forced nations to become more competitive by building infrastructure to cope with ______ barriers. One example is the tunnel below the English Channel.

geographic

A U.S.-based multinational set up a manufacturing plant in a foreign country. The international marketers assumed that the understanding of the concept of preventive maintenance for machinery was the same in the host country as in the United States. However, the general population that was hired lacked an adequate level of technical knowledge to maintain the plant equipment properly. Identify the element in the uncontrollable foreign environment that is illustrated in this scenario.

level of technology

Trade barriers are primarily encouraged by

local industries.

Which of the following will affect global economic growth and commerce in the coming decades?

location of resources availability of resources quality of resources (All of these)

Which of the following are nontariff barriers?

market barriers boycotts monetary barriers quotas (All of these)

The basic needs of _____ include readily available minerals and ways to produce energy.

modern technology

International marketing is more difficult than domestic marketing because international marketing

must cope with a unique set of uncontrollable factors in each country in which it does business.

In the case of less-privileged countries, ______ tend to make it more and more difficult for them to resolve their persistent economic problems.

natural calamities

A government can accomplish currency blockage by

not allowing importers to exchange their national currency for the sellers' currency.

After World War II, the United States helped build new markets and strengthen the economies of noncommunist countries by

offering financial assistance.

Which of the following are receipts (the plus side) on the U.S. balance-of-payments statement?

payments of interest and dividends on investments abroad foreign government payments to the United States export sales of merchandise (All of these)

The history of a country is one factor in the way a nation

perceives itself.

At the regular foreign marketing level of international marketing involvement, a company has

permanent production units for the production of goods and services for foreign markets.

People's ______ affects their interpretation of history and their opinions on various other subjects.

perspective

Which of the following elements in international marketing are uncontrollable elements of the domestic environment?

political and legal forces competition economic climate (All of these)

The Basel Convention produced a treaty that demonstrated influence and leadership. These qualities are also evident in the way that industries and societies have begun to address

pollution problems.

Changes in the demographics and location of the world's _____ will deeply affect demand for products and services in the future.

population

Characteristics that determine a region's climate -- such as altitude, moisture, and fluctuating temperatures -- affect the performance of

products and equipment.

Money constantly flows into and out of a country in which of the following ways?

when a country makes foreign investments when a country exports and imports products and services when countries exchange monetary gifts when a country receives cash receipts or makes cash payments (All of these)