GOL 105 LAB FINAL

By what motion(s) do sediment particles move in a stream?

all of the possible answers are correct.

By what process(es) are V-shaped stream valleys formed?

all of the possible answers are correct.

Earth's internal structure includes

concentration of the densest materials in the Earth's core.

The gradient of a stream describes

the steepness of its path through the landscape.

Waves are caused by

wind.

Information on the borders of a topographic map includes all except

the types of rocks present in the map area.

If Earth entered another ice age and continental glaciers expanded (not likely in the current situation, but it's happened before),

sea level would drop and most stream gradients would increase.

The zero contour line is also known as

sea level.

The Public Land Survey System is used in all of the following states except

Massachusetts.

A hypothesis is

a tentative explanation for a natural phenomenon or Earth material.

What is true of arid regions?

all of the possible answers are correct.

Arid landscapes tend to

change more slowly than humid landscapes.

Which of the following rock types would make a good tombstone in an arid region but not in a humid region?

marble

Meridians of longitude

meet at the North and South Poles.

Base lines and principle meridians are reference lines in the

township and range (Public Land Survey) system.

Why is vertical exaggeration often used on maps and map profiles?

to make topographic features like hills and valleys more visible

On a map with a scale of 1:48,000, a distance of 1 mile would be represented by how many inches?

1.32

To show topography in a rugged, mountainous area, the most appropriate contour interval would be

100 feet.

You have been asked to draw a map of a part of your campus on an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet of paper. You first try a scale of 1:1,000, but the paper is not large enough. Which of the following scales might work better?

1:5,000

To show topography in a flat coastal area, the most appropriate contour interval would be

5 feet.

What does a map scale of 1:24,000 indicate?

All of the possible answers are correct.

What is true of map projections?

All of the possible answers are correct.

What most likely will happen if the water table is at the surface of the ground?

All of the possible answers are correct.

Why is the scientific study of our planet difficult?

All of the possible answers are correct.

What may happen to a contaminant if it enters the groundwater in an area?

It may become a problem for those using groundwater for their homes.

Two maps have been drafted so that each fills a sheet of 8 1/2 x 11 paper, one at a scale of 1:24,000, and the other at 1:62,500. Which of the following statements correctly describes these maps?

The map with the scale of 1:62,500 covers more area than the other.

What does a map scale of 1:24,000 describe?

a map where 1 inch corresponds to 2,000 feet on the ground

A benchmark is

a permanent marker on the ground that indicates location and elevation.

By what means can waves erode solid rock?

abrasion

Shoreline features are

among the most rapidly changing landscapes.

What type(s) of area constitutes a stream channel?

an area in which its water normally flows

A theory is

an explanation that has been tested many times and been shown to be correct in all tests.

Landforms in arid regions are more ____ than in humid regions because ____.

angular; soil creep is less common

Limestones are easily eroded in humid regions. In arid regions, limestones

are more resistant and can form cliffs because of the scarcity of water.

Spits and barrier islands are

deposited by longshore drift.

A talus pile is a/an ____ feature produced by ____.

depositional; physical weathering and gravity

Small tick marks (hachures) on contour lines indicate

depressions.

By what process is groundwater erosion accomplished?

dissolution of soluble rock types

Which of these map elements is not shown on an aerial photograph?

elevations and slope steepness

Sea stacks are the result of

erosion isolating resistant bedrock remnants.

Properties required for a material to be an aquifer include

high porosity and high permeability.

The base level of a stream controls

how deeply in can erode its channel.

The sinuosity of a stream is a measure of

how much it meanders.

The movement of water molecules as a wave passes is

in a circular path.

During longshore drift, sand grains move

in a zigzag pattern.

Contour lines on a map connects points

of equal elevation.

If the water table in an area drops below the level of stream channels,

stream levels will drop as water leaks from the streams into the ground.

The term wave base refers to

the depth beneath waves to which water motion reaches.

A drainage basin is

the entire area that feeds water into a stream.

In transverse sand dunes,

the gentle side faces the direction from which the wind is blowing.

The principle of uniformitarianism states that

the present is the key to the past.

Properties required for a material to be an aquitard include

very low permeability.

Tsunamis are the result of

volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in the oceans.

With which landscape or feature are floodplains associated?

broad valleys with broadly meandering streams

Groundwater is unique among all the erosional agents because it

carves landscapes from below the surface.

The latitude of a location is based on the

equator.

Streams are able to carry clasts ranging from mud to medium-sized boulders depending on their

kinetic energy.

Streams deposit sediment when

water slows down.

By which means does wind erode solid rock?

abrasion

A good map must contain a way to accurately determine which of the following?

all of the possible answers are correct

By what feature(s) might emergent shorelines be characterized typically?

all of the possible answers are correct

Groundwater is part of the hydrosphere in which water does which of the following?

all of the possible answers are correct

The severity of the impact of coastal hurricans on the shoreline depends on which of the following?

all of the possible answers are correct.

Contour lines on a topographic map

are usually brown.

To conserve the groundwater supply, fields and gardens should be irrigated

at night to minimize evaporation.

Isotherms on weather maps differ from contour lines on topographic maps in that they

do not show changes in elevation.

The water table is lowered

during periods of drought.

The release of oxygen by green plants during photosynthesis is an example of a

flux involving the biosphere and atmosphere.

A cone of depression

forms locally when a user removes groundwater.

In the Earth System concept, minerals and rocks are found in the

geosphere.

Sinkholes typically have steep-walled sides because

gravity causes the roof of an area hollowed by solution to collapse.

The ____ of a stream are where it begins, and its ____ is where it flows into another body of water.

headwaters; mouth

Chemical weathering in arid regions is

much less effective because there is little water available.

A direction of 315° in the azimuth system corresponds to

northwest.

The longitude of a location is based on the

prime meridian.

Dendritic, trellis, and rectangular drainage patterns are the result of the

structure and erodibility of the rocks underlying the region.

The uplift of new mountains and the erosion of old ones

take place over hundreds of millions of years.

The major source of energy that melts rock within the Earth, causes earthquakes, and builds mountains come from

the Earth's internal heat.

Sedimentary gold deposits form when dense gold nuggets are deposited as water slows down in

the inside of meander loops.

What are the latitude/longitude and UTM systems used to describe?

the location of points on a globe

A vertical exaggeration of 1.00 x on a topographic profile means

the vertical scale of the profile is the same as the map scale.

Wind erosion and deposition are more important landscape forming agents in arid regions than in humid regions because

there is no soil moisture to hold sand grains together at the ground surface.

In making scale models to help understand Earth processes, the one factor that cannot be scaled down is

time.

The dominant cause of erosion along lake and ocean shorelines is

waves.

When does groundwater deposition occur?

when water evaporates, leaving a chemical sediment

The water table seperates

a zone where all pores are saturated with water from one in which some are filled with air.

Which of the following show(s) the topography of a landscape?

all of the possible answers are correct

By what feature(s) might submergent shorelines be characterized typically?

all of the possible answers are correct.

In a basin surrounded completely by mountains (like Death Valley), what can streams do?

all of the possible answers are correct.

Shorelines can be made of?

all of the possible answers are correct.

The shape of a sand dune and its position relative to the wind depends on which of the following?

all of the possible answers are correct.

What could cause sea-level changes along a coastline?

all of the possible answers are correct.

What might streams in arid regions do?

all of the possible answers are correct.

Which of the following could be the base level of a stream?

all of the possible answers are correct.

The principle of uniformitarianism is useful for interpreting most ancient geologic events except those that

happened early in Earth history and do not occur today.

The basic principle in hydrofracturing (fracking) for petroleum and gas is that it

increases permeability, making it easier to extract oil and gas.

Remnants of highlands nearly covered by a blanket of sediment are called

inselbergs.

The increase of temperature with depth within the Earth

is called the geothermal gradient.

Physical weathering in arid regions

is slower than in humid regions because some processes are less effective.