Golden. patient management

Unbundling :分拆：

"the separating of a dental procedure into component parts with each part having a charge so that the cumulative charge of the components is greater than the total charge to patients who are not beneficiaries of a dental benefit plan for the same procedure."

Who pays for MediCare:

( my note on Dec: Medicare by federal goverment and medicaid by both federal and state) federal program that pays for covered health services for most people 65 years old and older and for most permanently disabled individuals under the age of 65. Medicare is funded by the Social Security Administration. Which means it's funded by taxpayers: We all pay 1.45% of our earnings into FICA - Federal Insurance Contributions Act - which go toward Medicare. Employers pay another 1.45%, bringing the total to 2.9%.

Introduction-where in article you find a summary

(ABSTRACT)

A behavior modification device (ie thumb sucking deterant) is an example of: positive or negative reinforcement and other conditioning terms POSITIVE PUNISHMENT拇指吸吮威慑

***POSITIVE PUNISHMENT mosby by ghaz: positive punishment: a negative consequence that decreases an undesirable behavior. e.g., giving a child an extra chore to do in response to his or her failure to brush his or her teeth may decrease the frequency of toothbrushing neglect. This also known as " aversive conditioning "

QUESTION: Type I - false rejection of null hypothesis (false negative/incorrect regection) = less dangerous in terms of research and Type II - false acceptance of null hypothesis (false positive/failure to regect) - less problematic bc no conclusion is made from a rejected null. But type 2 is more dangerous medically bc a patient is diagnosised as HEALTHY when they actually have the HIV.

,

Patient who has medical history but is not debilitating but will require medical management and dental modifications有病史但不衰弱但需要医疗管理和牙科修改的病人

- ASA 3

You help a child help recognize what they are afraid of and make outward positive connection:

- cognitive restructuring

QUESTION: Reason to not have parent in room with dentist and kid

- communication barrier between dentist and child.

HMO's

- dentists are paid a fixed rate for each individual per month. Dentist is paid regardless patient was seen or not. If value of services exceeds payments, dentists loss. If payment exceeds value of services, dentists gain.

classic condition, which is an example?经典的条件，这是一个例子？

- pain (as in, you see dentist, you assume pain is coming. Denti p574: Classical conditioning ( Pavlovain or respondent conditioning ) a mechanism by which behavioral responses are learned.OPERATES BY ASSOCIATING ONE STIMULUS WITH ANOTHER. A stimulus leads t response. if individulas in white coats give painful injections that cause crying, the sight of an individual in a white coat soon may provoke a crying outburst. if this is not reinforced, the conditioned response will no longer occur ( extinction of the conditioned behavior)

QUESTION: What is conditioned STIMULUS with pt that had previous bad experiences:

--dental chair or dentist dentin p#574:Classical conditioning is a form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a given response through associative training.

Personnel most at risk for eye injury

-dentist.

what is not included in the ADA code of ethics? • Licensure by credential • Advertising • Issues concerning pt • Fees

... • Licensure by credential

Chi test, two common variables

...Chi-square: measures the association between two categorical variable.

The best way to treat a developmentally disabled pt? Consistent / Permissive / Strict / Flatterness

...Consistent 脑有病就用permissive 要是发展有病就用--Consistent i checked sachin and noor said A. here is sachin explantion: A. Permissive 许可is for mentally disabled, for example Down's Syndrome, not developmentally disabled, like Autism. Developmentally disabled patients usually take things/ instructions in concrete way. Consistent only if "developmental" word is there or autism is mentioned final check on Dec: permisive

double blind q, except - you need 2 controls (you don't)

...Dentin p 585: DOUBLE BLIND STUDY: a study where both subjects and researcher are unware of which subjects belong to the experimental group or the control group to precent researcher and subject bias. best study method to prevent bias. ias 谁也不知道， 为了防止Bias wiki: A double-blind study is one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results. Double-blind studies are particularly useful for preventing bias due to demand characteristics or the placebo effect

what is not included in the ADA code of ethics? Fees (discusses overbilling), Advertising & marketing, ethics (patient values & harm), credentials (dentist cannot state they are certified in a speciality when they're not)

...Licensure by credential

Specificity?

...Proportion of truly nondiseased persons who are so identified by a screening test (measures "how good a test is at correctly identifying nondiseased persons). Sensitivity tests identifying diseased persons.

Like if a child came with a history of aggressive behavior and is crying then should the dentist show empathy or sympathy or control LOOK BACK

...control

Which is NOT a reason for dentist becoming addicted: easy access to and knowledge of drugs feel the pressure to be perfect feeling vulnerable

...feeling vulnerable

Fear: results from anticipation of a threat arising from an external origin. Anxiety: results from anticipation of a threat arising from an unknown or unrecognized origin. Anxious patients: most difficult patients as they often cause the dentist to become anxious as well.

...mosby: stress: Anxiety is a subjective experience involving cognition, emotion, behavior , and physiological arousal.

How is FACT witness is different from expert specialist?如何是事实证人是从专家的专业有什么不同？

...noor: If you are orthodontist, and you are called for giving expert opinion on difference between dental age and chronological age in case of child labor, then you are expert specialist. If someone who reported child labor is called, he is fact witness. Amir kamali: Factwitness is person with First Hand knowledge..and does not allowed to give opinion about treatment ...can not charge any fee also fact witness is not specialist.

Histogram Histogram is used to show?

...variance

What you do first before choosing informed consent: ......make sure patient can sign or has guardian, consult physician, discuss options with relatives

.make sure patient can sign or has guardian,

How do you control and minimize confounding variable?

1- Randomizing groups, 2-Utilizing strict controls. 3-Sound operationalization practice. All are contributing in eliminating potential third variables (confunding variable= mediator).

QUESTION: A kid is on recall appointment and is not cooperative. You should do voice control followed by? 1. Alternating appraisal 2. Extinguished the behavior 3. Not see the pt

1. Alternating appraisal交替评估

The closest a dentist should get to their patient is?

1. Tap their shoulder

Dry heat, chemical sterilization , know about them. What is the autoclav temprature?

120 ce, 20 min, 15 Psi

Autistic kids have what characteristic? 1- Repetitive behavior 2- desire for physical contact. 3- sensitive to loud noise. 4- 1&3 5- AL

4- 1&3

Neuropraxia involves: 1- perineurium and epineurium 2-only perineurium 3-only epineurium 4-none of the above

4神经障碍涉及： 1-神经束膜和神经外膜 仅2个神经束 仅3只神经外膜

: Most of the dental payments are by?-

56% of all dental expenses are paid out of pocket by the patient(fee for service self pay)(dd) . 33 % third parties private insurance

Study says 95 out of 100 people had the disease what is lab value:

95% sensitivity

Study says 95 out of 100 people had the disease what is lab value:

95% sensitivity ( checked , true )

Health care plan adverse beneficiary risk is toward:保健计划不利的受益者风险是： -high risk-individuals that present a high risk for insur -low risk -equal

A

Pt complains of high fees of dentist, how should the dentist answer? Fee is fine according to the geographic area, it is fair and reasonable, I have to make a living too

A

Pt with manic depression disorder not willing to get treated for that is now getting dental treatment from you. What do you see in this patient:铂躁狂抑郁症不愿意得到治疗，现在正在从你的牙齿治疗。 你对这个病人有什么看法： A) bipolar. true b)depression c)excitement

A

Pt. says, "I do not have time to quit smoking." What stage is s/he in? Precontemplation contemplation, action, denial

A

Reason to not have parent in room with dentist and kid- communication barrier between dentist and child, osha violation, hipaa violation,

A

insurance question about adverse selection (adverse selection deals with the idea that those at higher risk are more likely to buy an insurance policy.逆向选择（逆向选择涉及这样的想法，那些处于较高风险的人更有可能购买保险单。 If the price for the policy is the same for non smokers and smokers, it is more likely that smokers will buy the insurance, because it is more "worth it" to them—because they are at higher risk for disease. This is adverse to the insurer. So the prices need to be different. • only take pt with high risk • only take pt with low risk • take both • something about taking pt of all ages

A ( checked on dec and true)

confounding variants?

A confounding variable, also known as a third variable or a mediator variable, can adversely affect the relation between the independent variable and dependent variable. This may cause the researcher to analyze the results incorrectly. The results may show a false correlation between the dependent and independent variables, leading to an incorrect rejection of the null hypothesis

•5-Macroglossia seen in all EXCEPT? A- marfan syndrome B- cretenism C- besckwith widman syndrome D- amyloidosis

A- marfan syndrome

What do general dentists report as being their biggest issue? A. Fearful patients B. Financial C. Staff training D. Dental skills

A. Fearful patients

Patient 2 yrs old and scared - ask parent to position patient for you get assistant to do it, you do it yourself, the point here is knee-to-knee position

A.ask parent to position patient for you the point here is knee-to-knee position

When should patient sign informed consent forms for surgery?

AFTER there has been a discussion w/ the dentist about the surgery

Who is protected under Americans with disabilities act?

AIDS pt. and accommodate the handicapped.

A 4 yr old child management-

ANS .empathy and respect ( checked on Dec and true)

The patient retires and loses health benefits.the treatment is done on the next day.the pt requests the dentist to enter the previous day date and the dentist does so.what is this called.

ANS. Fraud

I- menarche begins at what point in growth spurt?

After peak of growth-月经初潮开始，在井喷式增长点是什么？

A kid is on recall appointment and is not cooperative. You should do voice control followed by?

Alternating appraisal ( checked on Dec and true) mosby by ghaz: Altering consequences: altering the immediate consequences, such as in the use of a reward system ( providing positive reinforcement ) following a behavior, may alter future performance of the behavior.

Medicare is a federal thing that provide health care for . It does not cover dental.

Answer: Both statements are true

Voice control method used with children's :

Aversive conditioning= punishment to deter unwanted behavior ex Hand over mouth厌恶空调=惩罚，以防止不必要的行为前交出口 Dentin p 575: a technique in which punishment, unpleasant or painful stimuli are usde in the suppression of undesirable brhavio. in demtistry it is called the HAND-OVER-MOUTH technique. ( hamun positive punishment hast )

What does OSHA mandate in regards to hep b? • employers must take the vaccine • *employees have to take vaccine that are in contact with pt • Front office employees must take the vaccine

B

Patient says, "I've been brushing like you showed me but I still have cavities." What do you do? Go over OHI Tell him you understand that it is frustrating

B ( engar ASDA hast)

Which of the following represents the variability about the mean- value of a group of observations? A. Sensitivity B. Standard deviation C. t-Statistic D. Specificity

B. Standard deviation

Dentist can diagnose which of the following?

Bellumia.

Opening a dental practice - what makes it more successful:

Better communication

true or fasle: Dentists have to have proper accommodations for disable people. Dentists have to treat HIV people the same as others.

Both statements are true

23. When you smile what is the black space buccal of teeth and next to cheeks?

Buccal corridor颊走廊

Bill out for a core build up and crown and insurance says build up is only covered, what is this?

Bundling捆绑

QUESTION: Experiment was done and error 0.05 was the goal of the experiment. After experiment was completed the error was 0.01. The question asks what type of error was it? A) type I B) TYPE II C) no error Mohammed Noor C. For example, researcher is studying effect of paracetamol and pain relief. He sets the error bar at 0.05. He then gives paracetamol when patient reports pain and observes its effect after 10 minutes or so. Since he has set the error bar at 0.05, the effect of paracetamol in relieving pain will be established if 95% or more times, the pain relief is seen after taking medicine. 5% or less times, the pain relief does not come after medicine AND STILL, the relation will not be eliminated. But on observation, he found that only 1% of times, pain relief was not seen with paracetamol. It shows that the medicine (paracetamol) has direct relation with effect (pain effect). Therefore, no error is established. Type 1 error - there is no relation and you say there is relation. Type 2 error - there is relation and you say there is no relation.

C) no error Error of less or equal of 0.5 no statistical significance.. *If the observed probability is less than or equal to .05 (5%),the null hypothesis is rejected and outcome is judged as "no effect".in this case the alternative hypothesis is adopted *If the observed probability is greated than 5% the decision is to accept the null hypothesis and the results are called "not statistically significant.

QUESTION: While the dentist is preparing a large carious lesion in Tooth #30 for a restoration, a pulp exposure occurs. The patient angrily shouts at the dentist, "You incompetent 'creep'- -you're responsible for this problem!"- Of the following possible responses the dentist could make, which one is the most emphatic? A. Calm down, I can still restore your tooth adequately. B. Not when I'm preparing a tooth with caries like you had. C. I can see that you're very upset. You thought the tooth could be restored and now this problem has occurred. D. If you took care of your mouth the way you should, I wouldn't have been close to the pulp. E.I'm sorry this happened, but we must get on with the procedure.

C. I can see that you're very upset. You thought the tooth could be restored and ghaz checked and true

Want to compare 2 groups of people, male and female for something, what test do you look at?

Chi square Test.

Which of these tests are non-parametric?

Chi square test

What test measures 2 nonparametric data:

Chi-square

calculating for a non-paramater....what test would you use? Chi-square, normal distrubition, spearman, wilcoxin, kruskal wallis

Chi-square

Two common VARIABLE..what statistical test would you use? Chi-test, T-test, correlation analysis, or standard deviance

Chi-test,

in 1997 there was a program which stated that all children needed dental coverage (even with no insurance ):

Children's Health Insurance Program.

Efficacy功效, what study would u go? Cohort, longitudinal , multiple short ones, CASE CONTROL

Clinical trial ( mosby)

: Which one is related to a dental insurance, that only allows you to go to a group of dentists at a specific location? -

Closed Panel.封闭面板。

Insurance allows pt to only see certain set of providers....

Closed panel mosby 403: in the closed model, also known as the Exclusive Provider Organzation, the beneficaris has limited choice of offices..............this model is often used in a D-HMO or PPO plan.

What parameter study lets you have a risk quotient?-

Cohort

which type of study determines relative risk ratio:

Cohort ( true)

Study among smokers and nonsmokers in a period of 6 years (2000-2006) to develop disease? Cohort, cross sectional

Cohort,

How do you reduce confounding variable?

Controlled variables are used to reduce the possibility of any other factor influencing changes in the dependent variable, known as confounding variables.

Hazard Communication Standard:

Created by OSHA to make sure employees know about hazardous/toxic materials ( inkee by OSHA hast was in rq)

Myestena Gravis patients are involved in a study. The doctor is conducting a study and is trying to find out how many of these patients has periodontitis. What study is he conducting? -Cohort -Study case - cross sectional

Cross sectional

Research done to determine caries rate at a nursing home. What kind of study is this?

Cross-sectional

Researcher wants to find incidence of oral cancer in nursing home what study?

Cross-sectional横断面研究

The 16 yr old can take the decisions for the elder pts if: If the elders are deaf and dumb, if the boy makes thepayment, if the elders are over 60yrs, if the kid has the power of an attorney

D

A study is designed to determine the relationship between emotional stress and ulcers. To do this, the researchers used hospital records of pt's diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease and pt. diagnosed with other disorders over the period of time from july 1988 to july 1998 . The amount of emotional stress each pt. is exposed to was determined from these records. This study is: A) Cohort B)Cross-sectional C)Case-study D)Historical Cohort E)Clinical Trial

D)Historical Cohort

Know about capitation:

Dentist is paid a fixed fee to see patients enrolled in program

Disinfection?

Destroy majority of microorganisms but not bacterial spores.

: Your office is fee schedule and pt needs new crown but pt used up all of her allowance (or something like that) what do you do? Charge her a higher fee Cannot treat her Negotiate a lower fee Charge the same fee

E

Which is Not true of elder abuse: Most of the elder abuse is at victims home. mostly it is by victims relative. Elder's abuse is often over reported and exaggerated.

Elder's abuse is often over reported and exaggerated.

What is maturity: Environmentally dependent, environmentally independent

Environmentally Dependent, ( checked, True )

Replacing words like LA with sleepy juice is called as

Euphamism (relabeling)委婉语（重新贴上标签）

: Finding out wether a pt is listening:

Eye contact

If there is an adverse reaction to a medication in the office, who do you notify?

FDA

Temperatures for autoclaves is governed by:

FDA

Toxic reaction to a medication in dental office must be reported to:

FDA

REUD CONCEPT: MEMORIZE WELL ACCORDING TO FREUD, ANXIETY IS AN UNPLEASANT INNER STATE THAT PEOPLE SEEK OT AVOID. ANXIETY ACTS AS A SIGNAL TO EGO THAT THINGS ARE OT GOING RIGHT.

FREUD概念： 记忆好 根据弗洛伊德的观点，焦虑是一个人们不愿意接受的不愉快的内在状态。 焦虑作为一个信号，说明事情不合时宜。

A study failed to report 5 cases of caries. What is this called?

False Negative

Type I error

False positive Correct outcome True negative if P is more than 0.05 its type 2 accept, if its less than 0.05 its type 1 error reject ( wiki: In statistical hypothesis testing, a type I error is the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding), while a type II error is incorrectly retaining a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding).)

Desensitization works if the base of the behavior problem is

Fear. Dentin p 575: a technique used to eliminate maladaptive ANXIETY ASSOCIATED WITH PHOBIAS. the procedure involves the construction by the person of a hierachy of anxiety producing stimuli and the general presentation of these stimuli until they no longer elicit the initial response of fear.

Pt asks u to change date of service on insurance claim, what is this called?

Fraud

: A patient is going to the dentist and has never had local anesthetic. He recently got a vaccine and is now afraid of needles.The fear is due to what?

Generalization泛化错误

A successful practice is built on- friendship COMMUNICATION?

Good clinican-patient relationship

Patient is ready to hear your treatment plan, all of the following are true except? -

Guarantee the success of treatment!

QUESTION: If you need a medical record from your patient's physician, your patient, needs to give you a permission to do that. Based on which principal/policy?

HIPAA

Force put on crown, where is center of translation or rotation? Halfway down root, CEJ, past apex

Halfway down root people said center of the root this is actually the same

When treating elderly patients what should be your concern?

Health of patient

QUESTION: Which are the two most imp. steps for diagnosis:

History and clinical examination

Which are the two most imp. steps for diagnosis:

History and clinical examination

What is Trephination?环钻术？

Hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull钻孔或刮入人类头骨

Whats not found on the OSHA poster?-

How many days each employee is allowed to work with that chemicals. true ( confirmed by noor )

What are the qualities of a double blind study except?

I put everything EXCEPT 2 control groups. fer explanation: because neither the subject nor investigator knows which one is control or case group. it means we dont know case and control group

You have a test that is not accurate but gives consistent result:

I said this means test is reliable

What section states the purpose of the research?

INTRO (ABSTRACT)

Definition of disinfectants -

Innanimate objects( non living)无生命的物体（无生命）

2 year old kid, best technique? Knee to knee with head on dentist lap Knee to knee with head on parents lap

Knee to knee with head on dentist lap

Definition of non-malifacence -

Knowing your limitations and referring patients out to specialists

•6-All of the following are an indication for putting a temporary on a deep caries and restoring at a later time except? •

Lack of time due to, it is an emergency appt.

• Pt has pain lower right 3rd molar and can't take intraoral xray, what kind of xray indicated? Lateral oblique mandibular, reverse town's, lateral ceph, anterioposterior

Lateral oblique mandibular,侧斜下颌

T- Which muscle mainly responsible for positioning and translating condyles?

Lateral pterygoids

Dentin page 592:MSDS

MATERIAL SAFTELY DATA SHEET FOR EACH HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL. *** documents that contain information concerning a hazardous chemical.

Who is in control of writing the material safety data sheet (MSDS):

Manufacturer

28. Advantage of rectangular orthodontic wires?

Maximum fircation, stabilization, maximum movement can be brouth with this. Easily manipulative and good movement to tooth and easily adapted in slot

What do you use for average Q? Mean, median, mode

Mean

Patient is very young and fearful first time you meet them - try to talk to them going down at their height.

Means upright the dental chair or make them seat into chair u also seat in chair and then talk

: New patient comes into office, not of record, what do you do 1st visit?

Med history

Best way to determine outcome of disease? Med history of the patient ESR lab results.the second important

Med history of the patient

QUESTION: Best way to determine outcome of disease?

Med history of the patientthis one is the most important.

What sector of government provides funding for dental care? Medicaid, medicare

Medicaid,

If you need a medical record from your patient's physician, your patient needs to give you a permission to do that. Based on which principal/policy? Medicaid/medicare e CDC, OSHA , bloodborne, some random nonsense. There wasn't HIPAA

Medicaid/medicare e CDC,

: Government spends most of the money in Medicare. Medicaid, HMO

Medicare. ( i checked on dec, it was true, Medicare.If q asked dental spends then ans is b)

Where would you look in a scientific journal to find the dependent and independent variables Intro Materials Methods ** Conclusion Summary

Methods

•3-Growth in buccal vestibule by flange of mandibular RPD?

Most likely traumatic neuroma

which statement was correct for HIPPA( health insurance privacy and portability act)?

Must give privacy form to pt but you don't need confirmation of receipt, fax and email standard, etc. by ghaz from net: HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portab ility and Accountability Act. Pa ssed in 1996 HIPAA is a federal law that sets a national standard to protect medical records and other personal health information. The rule defines "protected health information" as h ealth information that: 1. Identifies an individual and 2. Is maintained or exchanged electronically or in hard copy. If the information has any components that could be used to identify a person, it would be protected. The protection would sta y with the information as long as the information is in the hands of a covered entity or a business associate. The prot ections apply to individually i dentifiable information in any form, electronic or non - electronic. The paper progeny of electronic inform ation is covered (i.e. the information would not lose its protections simply because it is printed out of a computer), and oral communications are also covered.

Medicare cover dental routine care?

NO

: 8 year old boy, when will he behave better? Mom inside the dental office Dad inside the dental office Nobody inside

Nobody inside

Something about dentist needs to keep up to date with new technology and learn and practice new procedures:

Non-malfecience

: Dentist keeps on current dental medicine to provide current standard of care. What part of the ethical code does this relate to?

Nonmalefacence

Dentist keeps on current dental medicine to provide current standard of care. What part of the ethical code does this relate to?

Nonmalefacence

HAZARD COMMUNICATION LAW: a)OSHA b) what does it control: sharps blood amalgam

OSHA ( true) it controls all

If a dentist waives the copayment and doesn't tell the third party, what is this called?

OVERBILLING.

GI mild, moderate severe -

Ordinal

Dentist did not accept a copay and did not report it to the 3rd party (why would any dentist do this?

Over Billing

Patient is given oral habit reducing appliance to prevent an oral habit, what is this considered?

POSITIVE PUNISHMENT

Which one is related to employee insurance, where you get a discount from the insurance and also you can go to a dentist of your preferance?

PPO.

Definition of Empathy -

Patient wanted to give you paperwork, and you acknowledge their concerns

RETROSPECT study: Study that compares people that have the disease to people that do not have the disease. And also looks back to see how the risk for the disease is compared to actually getting that disease.

RETROSPECT研究：比较有疾病的人和没有疾病的人的研究。 同时也回顾一下这种疾病的风险与实际发病的相比。

Cemetoblastoma:牙骨质

RO mass that replaces root; tooth is removed with lesion. also page 74 dentin: treatment is ext

: Definition of rapport? mutual openness / harmonious relationship*

Rapport = mutual sense of trust and openness between individuals that, if neglected, compromises communication.

When do you most likely to get puncture wounds? Setting up Recapping Cleaning up

Recapping ( in golden is in cleaning up but i checked on dec and Deema and most of people answered Recapping which make more sense) i go for Recapping, see the following q

S- Extract a tooth and give Penicillin, the next day patient has high fever, swelling, dysphagia吞咽困难，, what do you do? Change to different antibiotic, Refer to OMFS, add another drug to regimen

Refer to OMFS,

Autistic kids have what characteristic.

Repetitive behavior

Management of moderately apprehensive child.

Replacing words like LA with sleepy juice is called as euphanism

What do you Not report to the ADA?

Reporting an advertisement for a colleague

27. Picture of ulcerated tumor on palate?

SSC

What is the purpouse of the voice control technique?

Sets boundaries Aversive conditioning Dentin p575: a technique in which punishmnet , unpleasant or painful stimuli are used in the suppression of undesired behavior.

Least chance of needle injury? Setting up, Cleaning up, Recap

Setting up, ( Dec, checked and true, if they asked whats the most: Recap)

Praising, smiling and congratulating is what type?

Social reinforcement

You were looking for a disease in a study, disease was not present, what's this called? -!

Specificity

An outlier has the biggest effect on which of the following?

Standard deviation ** ( 100% true) Outliers control is: a.mean b. median c. mode d. standard deviation

Who pays MedicAid:

States and the federal government share in the cost of Medicaid. States may pay health care providers directly on a fee-for-service basis or states may pay for Medicaid services through prepaid, capitated payments to health plans or other entities. Within federally imposed upper limits for certain services, each state has broad discretion to determine the payment method and payment rate for services. wiki:The Medicaid program is jointly funded by the federal government and states. The federal government pays states for a specified percentage of program expenditures, called the Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP). FMAP varies by state based on criteria such as per capita income.

Analyze statistical difference between two means?

T-test exactly in mosbey: t-test is used to analyze the statistical difference between two means.it provides the researcher with the statistical difference between tretment and control groups or groups receiving treatment A versus treatment B.

What test for every year? HepB TB

TB ( checked 100% sure on dec )

fail to reject, what null?

TYPE II error if P is more than 0.05 its type 2 accept, if its less than 0.05 its type 1 error reject. type 1 is false accepting and type 2 is false rejecting

: Dental anxiety can be caused by Pt‟s helplessness. What would reduce it?

Telling Pt to raise her/his hand when feels pain mosbyb by ghaz: provide the patient with a sense of control: use hand signal,

Bundling of procedures:

The systematic combining of distinct dental procedure codes by third-party payers that results in a reduced benefit for the patient/beneficiary.

explanation for above question:

The used data is of group of patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer. The other group is patients with other disorders. These 2 groups are analyzed - Cohort. And the years range is given - Historical data.

What do Freud and Erikson say about anxiety?

Their inability to overcome a conflict in a particular stage that will lead to anxiety. Inadequate resolution ->Anxiety (fer: resoution az resolve miad , yani nemitune resolve kone) Know this. will give you a point on your exam. What do Freud and the other guy say about anxiety? I put something about how it's a part of personality that must be controlled to be socially acceptable. According to Erikson, a child will go through each of these stages. In each stage, a child will go through a conflict. For example, from age 0 to 1.5, a child will struggle to create trust in their environment. If they fail to create this trust, they develop mistrust. The result of developing mistrust is an Inadequate Resolution. An inadequate resolution indicates a developmental problem. An inadequate resolution in this case would indicate a child's insecurity and anxiety. An Adequate Resolution would mean that a child was able to overcome the conflict in each stage a develop properly.

: What best characterizes rapport?

Understing patients feeling and talking with patient

Which one applies to OSHA guideline? -

Update it once a year!

: Patient is in your office for a treatment plan, all of the following should be done when you explain the proposed treatment to the patient, except?

Use professional terminology.

If dentists tells his patient that he needs to take of amalgam fillings bc they are not good for his health what principle of ethich did he vilolated?

Veracity-truthfulness.

Dentist potential for abuse not likely due to Vulnerability Pressure of being perfect Knowledge and access to drugs Stress

Vulnerability

what is progressive relaxation a. intermittent relax & tense (T/F) b. something about visualized images or something... (T/F)

aa. intermittent relax & tense什么是渐进式的放松 一个。 间歇性放松紧张（T / F）

Boy 4 yrs old:

afraid of unknown.

Difference between fear and axiety- which ones are correct? fear is on something anxiety is everythin (harder to treat) Fear decreases pain and anxiety increases pain, fear is painful, anxiety is a disease, Fear is local, anxiety is generalized 1.2,3 all

all are correct ( checked by noor on oct )

Prevalence -

all cases

study how do you find causation?

analytic analytical (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort)al

What is conditioned response?条件反应 dentist chair anxiety

anxiety in the exmple of dentin p574: conditioned response is crying conditioned stimuls: an individual in a white coat.

: What principle has to do with patient self-governance and privacy?

autonomy

Dentist lets the patient sign informed consent-

autonomy

Define anxiety according to Freud and K-

aversive inner state that people seek to avoid or escape厌恶的内心状态

What cannot be advertised by a general dentist? a. Cost b. Specialty c. License agreement

b

What is the name of the federal funded medical care for the elderly and its coverage? a. medicare wI dental coverage b. medicare w/o dental coverage. true c. medicaid wI dental coverage d. medicaid w/o dental coverage

b

You work at a HMO office and the patient has used up all his yearly benefits, what can you do? a. still accept the same fee under the HMOs b. Charge your regular fee like you would for cash pt

b

which does not show empathy to the patient? a. open-mindedness b. sharing personal experiences** c. reflection and showing understanding

b

- a) Cognitive dissonance, b)congnitive restructuring, c)operant, d)sensitization

b)congnitive restructuring

QUESTION: A dentist has an ethical obligation to report a colleague is all situations ... except? a. working under substance abuse b. Advertising on electronic media c. abusing patients

b. Advertising on electronic media

: Dentist charge for crown $500. insurance only covers $400.Dentist waves copayment($100) but still let insurance he charges $500 for crown. what this action called? a.Down coding b. Overbilling c.Price fixing d.Unbundling

b. Overbilling

patients with autism will usually show? a. decreased rate of caries b. heightened sense of lights and sounds c. the compassion to interact with people Children with autism are easily overwhelmed by sensory overload. This can cause "stimming" (flapping of arms, rocking, screaming, etc). Autistic children are hypersensitive to loud noises, sudden movement, and things that are felt.

b. heightened sense of lights and Side note: Children with autism are easily overwhelmed by sensory overload. This can cause "stimming" (flapping of arms, rocking, screaming, etc舔手臂，摇摆，尖叫). Autistic children are hypersensitive to loud noises, sudden movement, and things that are felt.

Benchmark for sterilization: =

bacillus spores

Treatment without informed consent is

battery---医生未经病人同意即实施手术这一行为可能被当作"非法侵犯"而起诉，尽管病人的确从手术中获益

: a patient have been visiting several dentist in the past, the first time she see you she tells you that she likes you and she will refer family and friends to your office, what type of attitude is she showing ?

borderline

Patient has been to multiple other dentists before you and says you are the best what does her personality resemble: schizoid, borderline, paranoid, etc

borderline

pt comes in saying she's been to 5 different dentists the last 6 months. A few mins later she's telling you how great of a dentist you are and that she'll refer all of her friends to you. What mental condition she is suffering from? This example is...schizo, narcissistic, paranoid

borderline边缘 mohammad noor:borderline personality disorder --- is impressed very fast irrationally, gets irrationally upset when high expectations not met. That is why changed so many, very soon she will move over you and will tell next dentist how bad you were.边缘性人格障碍---非理性地非常快速地被打动，当没有达到高期望时，会非理性地打乱。 这就是为什么改变了这么多，很快她会移动你，并告诉下一个牙医你是多么糟糕。 paranoid is getting suspicious about everyone and everything.偏执狂对每个人和所有事情都怀疑。

: Hazardous communication regulation a. train worker right after you hire (True/F) b. train worker when new hazardous product in office (T/F)

both true

If a pt presents with a problem reflexted in the mouth , how the dentist recongnize the problem :

bulimia贪食症

The dentist charges separately for core build up and the crown but the insurance company says that the core build up is part of crown.what is this called?

bundling

Elder abuse using ATM card of elder is not applicable but some suitation is not under consideration--- A)both true, B)both false. C)1st true 2nd flase D)1st false and 2nd true

c

What is it called when a patient charges several procedures instead of one? a. upcoding b. downcoding c. unbundling d. bundlingD

c

During the child's first visit, the dentist requested that the parents wait in the reception room. The child cried moderately, but tearfully, throughout the dental examination and prophylaxis. The dentist "gave her permission" to cry while he/she worked and then took no notice of her crying. Her crying diminished in intensity over time and then stopped. With respect ONLY to the crying behavior, the dentist has) A. used positive reinforcement. B. used negative reinforcement. C. extinguished the behavior. D. ignored the problem.

c 使用积极的强化。 B.使用负强化。 C.熄灭了行为。 D.忽视了这个问题。

For a population, the research divides the number of disease cases by the number of people. By so doing, this investigator will have calculated which of the following rates? a. incidence b. odds ratio c. prevalence d. specificity

c. prevalence ( checked and true ) if it said new cases, it would be

Asepsis - antiseptic...can be safely applied to tissues, but will kill most living organisms

can be safely applied to tissues Denaturation of the proteins - alcohol and autoclave Coagulation of proteins - dry heat蛋白质的变性 - 酒精和高压灭菌器 蛋白质凝固 - 干热

HMO =

capitation dental plan人头牙科计划 mosby: D-HMO is also called ,capitation dental plan, which derives from the payment mechanism, Dentist are paid non aper capita basis at a fixed ( usually monthly ) rate for each individual or family. the dentist is paid irrespective of number or types of services provided or the number of beneficiaries seen. The dentists individually at risk in D_HMOs....

The problem with this study is that you don't know if the disease came from drinking or not. What study is it?

case control doubt list Dec: i think B

Edema in eye due to?

chemosis球结膜水肿 Edema in the eye is called Chemosis. Just a special name

2 groups of 100 ppl, gave them different foods & asked how they felt afterwards; which test to compare the 2 groups

chi squared test

A study is done to determine the effectiveness of a new antihistamine .To do this ,25 allergic pt‟s are ASSIGNED to one of the two groups ,the new drug (13 pt‟s) , placebo (12 pt‟s) . The pt‟s are followed for 6 months . This study is called: Cohort, Cross-sectional, Case controlled, historical cohort, clinical trial.

clinical trial. ( assigned or give is the clue )

mosbey page 386: in the retrospective section:

cohort RISK factors in each subject that may have predicted the subsequent outcome.

Specificity -

correctly identifying dx free people

Sensitivity:

correctly identifying those ppl who have disease and correctly identify by a possitive test.

Inform consent most contain all except:

cost of Tx.

Dentist is doing research on 5 unrelated patient with different background. He record data ......etc. Dentist is doing what kind of research? a. clinical trial b. cohort c. cross sectional

cross sectional

I had one about a teacher and doing a survey on kids =

cross sectional

: Doctor conducting a study on myasthenia gravis patients wants to know how many of these patients have periodontitis. This is a study case,

cross sectional ( 100% true ) Noor:. No past, no future, thus no temporal order or establishment of causality; just a snapshot in time, a type of descriptive study.

Outliers control is: a.mean b. median c. mode d. standard deviation

d. standard deviation

constantly exposing the pt to get from the fear factor is--

desentisization.

If you are an employer and you provide your employee with reimbursements for dental care they received from a dentist of their choice it is called:

direct reimbursement.直接报销

QUESTION: Don't have parent in room with child because:

disrupts relationship between child and dentist

MOST of the questions where of behavior modification techniques in children and "what would you say" questions: Autistic kid, down syndrome Kid that kicks and screams Shy kid

dont know

Which example is not discussed in the HIPAA ethical privacy manual? Something about providing privacy information to patient and document, sending information over email and fax, idk

doubt list

Dentist do the treatment for 2 crowns but the insurance company pay the money for one crown what is it:

downcoding.

You performed a two surface restoration and coded it that way. Insurance came back with coding it as only one surface restoration. What is this called...

downcoding.

Which method of sterilization needs higher temperature:

dry heat-320

QUESTION: Proper order for treatment planning is:

emergency care, disease control, reevaluation, definitive treatment, maintenance care

Proper order for treatment planning -

emergency care, disease control, reevaluation, definitive treatment, maintenance care

Rapport best with :

empathy

: what is the best to communicate with patient-

empathy.

cracked tooth with no pulpal involvement, what is the treatment? extracoronal restoration, occlusion reduction, amalgam with adhesive.

extracoronal restoration,

A patient comes in with rampant decay. What is the primary responsibility of the dentist?

figure out etiology of decay FIRST

: Mentally disabled, approach by dentist? Strict, freedom

freedom

Patient comes in and they say "oh I hate the dentist, I hate being here" • What would be your response

from group:Ya, a simple, "why do you hate being here?" would be great to begin. It is important to validate his concerns. from group:ask the pt what makes him think so and ask about his past dental experiences

Patient had a flu shot done and she is afraid of dental needle even though she never had one: what is term called

generalization

What is the best way to treat a developmentally disabled patient? Consistency Permissiveness

given answer is pemissiveness Noor on Dec: B. Permissiveness. Developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, Down's Syndrome.

Patient with bipolar disease comes in for dental care, choses not to take his medication and states he is in the "manic phase," what do you expect from treating this patient?: he will have unpredictable reactions during the treatment, he is will be obsessed about is esthetics (not sure if it means he is going to be continuously manic or just general bipolar disorder)

he will have unpredictable reactions during the treatment, ( checked and true on dec)

QUESTION: What are the hep b vaccine rules by OSHA?

hep B must always be offere at no cost for all employees.

If a dentist was able to correctly ID disease free patients w/ the diagnostic study, it has?

high specificity.

If there is an old women in ur chair and u think there might be abuse what do you have to do?

human health services.

F- Best to use on infected oral wound?

hydrogen peroxide.过氧化氢

Emancipated minor:独立自主能力的人

if if the kid is under 18, know exceptions of how they become emancipated minor, page 230 - If he graduated from high schoo, has been married, has been pregnant, or responsible for his or her own welfare and is living independently of parental control and support.the kid is under 18, know exceptions of how they become emancipated minor, page 230 - If he graduated from high schoo, has been married, has been pregnant, or responsible for his or her own welfare and is living independently of parental control and support.

dentist in his clinic notice new diseases this is ?

incidence

Crossover study advantages? Consider two subjects are used for testing effect of alcohol on human body. First subject is a habitual drinker while second person never drank in his life. If we make first person as experimental (given alcohol) and second person as control (given soda only), then result may show alcohol has negligible effect on body. If alternatively, second person is made experimental (given alcohol), and first as control then it might be reported that alcohol has significant effect on small dosage. This problem is solved by cross-over study design. I will explain it below. Same subject/ person is given both treatments (for example, alcohol and soda) at different times and effects of each on same person is noted. This is cross-over study design. Subject A + medicine --- subject A + placebo. Benefits of cross-over design --- 2 benefits --- first, it reduces bias due to confounding. For example, since same person gets both treatments (experimental and control treatment), other effects related to individual persons is neutralized. Second benefit is that it increases statistical efficiency. It means we need fewer subjects to complete study!

influence of confounding covariates is reduced because each crossover patient serves as his or her own control and are statistically efficient and so require fewer subjects than do non-crossover designs (even other repeated measures designs). Note: The null hypothesis (H0) is a hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify. The 'null' often refers to the common view of something, while the alternative hypothesis is what the researcher really thinks is the cause of a phenomenon.

Florid Osseous dysplasia:花状骨性发育不良：

involves entire jaw

DR( direct reimbursement):

is a self-funded group dental plan in which the employee is reimbursed based on a percentage of dollars spent for dental care provided. allows employees to seek treatment from the dentist of their choice. from net: Direct reimbursement plans are self-funded plans and not insurance. In this type of plan your employer pays for dental visits with its own money rather than paying premiums保险费 to an insurance company. What you pay: After treatment, you pay the dentist in full and give the receipt to your employer.

- cognitive restructuring认知重构

is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts,是一种学习识别和解决非理性或适应不良思想的心理治疗过程，

temperature :

kelvins is ratio and Celsius is Interval

Disinfectants-

kills mycobacterium (benchmark organism)

First step before/in treatment planning: make sure patient doesn't need translator, consult with physician about pre-existing medical conditions

make sure patient doesn't need translator,

MSDS:

manufacture directions.

Bundleing :

many procedure to a crown they only pay u for one.

OSHA does all except:

material safety data sheet MSDS (by manufacterur)

Which does not describe the spread of data?

median.

If a dentist is reading an article, where should he look for the definition of dependent and independent variables? method - introduction- discussion- results summary

method (true)

Q- a dentist putting an elastic around patient's maxillary centrals to close diastema.: I put: eventual loss of teeth due to elastic traveling upwards. No clue

necrosis

When do most punctures occur? pre procedure, during, post-proceduring cleanup, needle recapping

needle recapping

Neurapraxia describes:

nerve damage in which there is no disruption of the nerve or its sheath. In this case there is an interruption in conduction of the impulse down the nerve fiber, and recovery takes place without true regeneration. This is the mildest form of nerve injury.神经损伤，其中没有神经或其鞘的破坏。 在这种情况下，神经纤维下的冲动传导被中断，恢复发生而没有真正的再生。 这是最温和的神经损伤形式。

child with fear is best treated with :

nitrous oxide

Dentist refers a difficult case to a speacialist-

non malfiecence

Dentist keeping up with new data -

non-malfecence

Something about nonverbal vs verbal communication -

nonverbal is not as reliable

Patient complains of pain in relation to a particular tooth.So the best answer/reply of the dentist would be : If you came here earlier things would not be bad If you took more care this would not have happened I will take care of everything

not confirmd yet ？？？？？？？？？？？？

Whats true about abuse cases? You'll see at least 2 a year.not sure about 2 years but the other is corrct Child abuse sign multiple untreated injuries lag time bt injury and tx comminuted facial fractures parents with different stories Most common in children under 3

not sure about 2 years but the other ones are correct Dentin p 578: child abuse most commonly involves newborns and children up to age 3 years.

Case control study =

odds ratio ( true, approve by noor that odds ratio related to case control ) An odds ratio (OR) is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure.

•1-Which is least complicating for OH?

open contact.

•4-Older woman tooth extract 3 years ago, still hurts and exudate, shows cotton-wool •-radiograph what is it? Residual cyst, osteomyelitis.

osteomyelitis.

Most dental procedures for the elderly are paid for by

out of pocket cash

You let patient not pay copay but you tell insurance that you charged the pt

overbilling

Impending doom: panic attack, fear, anxiety, pain

panic attack

The restraining of uncooperative 2 yr child should be done by. Dentist, Assistant, Parent

parent ( checked and true )

8 year old patient, 1st time ever, scared of dentist? Whats the most likely answer? Television Parents Tv

parents

: Definition of Autonomy -

patient choose to sign consent

6 year old mentally retarded child.Treatment is recall. Would you give sedation, antianxiolytic, voice control positive reinforcement.

positive reinforcement Deema on Dec: Positive reinforment ,,, but if this pt is crying and not cooperative we can use voice control

What is the statistical measure for the total number of cases per population, regardless of time of onset?

prevalence

Anti-retraction valves for what?

prevent patient to patient cross-contamination抗回缩阀是为了什么？

Patient has dental fear, what is most likely due to? -

previous traumatic dental procedure.

Which describes a stage in Piaget's model of congnitive development?

properational sachin: Piaget's four stagesof intellectual (or cognitive) development are: Sensorimotor. Birth through ages 18-24 months Preoperational. Toddlerhood (18-24 months) through early childhood (age 7) Concrete operational. Ages 7 to 12 Formal operational. Adolescence through adulthood 萨钦：皮亚杰的智力（或认知）发展的四个阶段是： 感觉运动。 18-24个月出生 预操作。 蹒跚学步（18-24个月）到童年（7岁） 具体操作。 7至12岁 正式运营。 青春期到成年

Behavior shaping:

providing positive reinforcement for approximation of behavior you are desiring Dentin p575: behavior shaping ( successive approximation逐次逼近): an operant conditioning technique used in behavior therapy in which new behavior is produced by providing reinforcement for progressively closer approximations of the final desired behavior.... continue

pulse n bp what kind of measurement -

ratio

BP, pulse, Kelvin -

ratio ( only celcius is INterval)

It is required mandatory to report all except - child abuse, reaction to drug, one more choice

reaction to drug, ( 100% sure on dec, i checked by Noor and Deema )

Most injury/percutaneous经皮 cuts happen when

recapping needles

How do you compare between 2 constant variables?

regression analysis

How do you compare between 2 constant variables?

regression analysis 2 continous variables it will be. There is nothing called constant variable. It can either be a constant or a variable :) Answer should be regression analysis. Now whats regression analysis? It is about 2 or more variables, like age and blood pressure. Now both can be stated in terms of continous variables like 23, 24, 140, etc. With regression analysis, we find out how rise in one is related with rise in other. In regression analysis, one is always independent variable while other is dependent variable. Chi-square is about comparing means of 2 sets of categorical data. Cohort is a type of analytical study where we can find temporal order and relative risk Chi-square is about comparing means of 2 sets of categorical data. Cohort is a type of analytical study where we can find temporal order and relative risk In chi square we find if two sets of data are related or dependent or they r both independent.

The power of a statistical analysis is ultimately to:

reject the null Type I and Type II Null hypothesis.

Def of Operant extinction?操作灭绝

removal of reinforces to decrease a behavior Operant extinction: child cries don't give attention.( dentin p574)

Def of Operant extinction?

removal of reinforces to decrease a behavior ( true) mosby p 412 of mine: operant extinction id the removal of reinforces to decrease a behavior. for example: if a young patinet learns that if she cries at the dentist's office, her mother will give her much-needed attention and terminate the dental treatment. Asking the mother to refrain from providing this attention.......over time, decreases the crying behavior.

Allergy to meds or dental instrument -

report to FDA

which of the following is the leading payer for dental treatment?

self pay

Uncooperative 2 year old-

separation anxiety

sensitivity=

sick people

G- Initiation of first menstruation cycle is best indicative of what?

skeletal age ...

Child patient - you smile, tell him good job, and pat him on the shoulder. negative reinforcement, social reinforcement, t oken reinforcement.

social reinforcement

Eye contact, smiling, and telling pt doing good job:

social reinforcement

You suspect child abuse. Who do you call?

social services.

You have pano, what can't you do without intraoral photos?

space analysis

"if test determines those who do not have the disease is...specificity, sensitivity, validity.

specificity

Dentist finds a group of individuals are free of (do not have the) dental disease:

specificity

investigator finds patients that don't have a disease:

specificity

One patient left, and before getting another patient, how would you clean your operatory?

spray disinfectant for 10min, then wipe off

R- No obvious clinical caries in a child. Radiographically, interproximal caries on primary tooth T. Best tx: Stainless steel crwon. MO and DO composites, MOD amalgam,

stainless steel crown.

What most common form of standard deviation?

stand deviations (answer) Note: Measures the typical or average deviation from the mean.

what test for variability standard deviation

standard deviation

Cohort:

studying for the next 10 years

How to reduce Stress-dental anxiety?

tell-show-do

82 y/o pt comes w/ younger person who hands dentist paper saying the pt has a legal guardian. Now what?

that you must have consent of this guardian before treating the 82 y/o pt

Chi_square ( x2) test ( mosbey 392)

the chi-square test measures the association between two categorical variables. it is used for comparisoon of groups when the data is expressed as counts or proportions.

Whats not the reason for rising dental costs?-

the number of dental students in dental schools.

according to OSHA guildline, if an employee doesn't want to be vaccinated then:

the proof with employee signature must be avaliable.

Z test:

to see if the means of two groups are statistically different. If the variances like standard deviation are known. ' Large sample size.

Pt was bothering the dentist and dentist got upset. His assistant was watching this sudennly drop an instruments on the floor and as a resul of this, the dentist was so piss that he had it out with the assistant : how you you call that reaction ?

transference移情 Transference: is a phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another.

First step in tx planning is? treat the initial pain and discomfort of the pt. others, see how you can make a preventitive plan, treat all restorations.

treat the initial pain and discomfort of the pt.

Freud anxiety concept Kid overcomes it

true

There are 4 people with a disease and guy wants to report/describe them: I said ti was case report but idk

true i found this on internet: In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence.

Specificity,

true negative

Systemic desensitization...identify fear. T

true 系统脱敏...识别

Trying to change person what is most important:

trying to determine whether they are willing to change.

When you charge for multiple codes when you actually did one thing

unbundle

Doctor billed insurance for couple of procedures, when actually there is a global procedure that combines them all, what did he commit? -

unbundling

mosby by ghaz: Capitation:

under capitation, the dentist is paid a FIXED AMOUNT ( usually on a monthly basis)directly by the capiation plan. For this periodic per capita payment, the dentist agrees to provide specified dental services for patients who present and who are assigned to him or her by the capiation plan. this plan provides dentist with: predictable income influx of new patients control the type and frequency of services provided.

T test:

used to compare whether the means of two groups are statistically different—assume that standard deviation is unknown. Small sample size

Which of the following are necessary for a test to be accurate: Specificity, reliability,validity.

validity.有效性

Biggest difference across cultures regarding pain?...

variability in pain tolerance rather than pain threshold.

Histogram is used to show (standard deviation):

variance

Means of caries risk assessment for 3 groups: white, black, Hispanic what test do u use to compare? t-test chi square variance ANOVA

variance . ANOVA melat migan variance hamun Anova hast

Periapical Cemento-Osseous dysplasia:根尖周牙骨质骨的发育不良：

vital, lower anteriors, middle age women, RL then RO; No symptoms

Pedo t 1st visit. Multiple carious teeth on anteriors. During anesthesia is well cooperative and doesn't cry or move. Once begin tx, begins to cry. What do. Keep working Voice control ** More anesthesia ** Oral sed N20

voice control ( checked true on Dec )

dentist and drug abuse. all are true except: high stress, perfectionist personality, vulnerability, knowledge and access to drugs

vulnerability

When should the dentist NOT use paraphrasing改述? When trying to speak to a patient in his second language, When the dentist is upset with what patient says, when giving factual values.

when giving factual values.

Modeling behavior is used when:

when the kid is afraid and use a sibling or someone older to show how they should behave

If kid complained and whined in the beginning but at the end were very good:

you compliment how well they were at the end of the procedure

P-significant value is equal to 0.01,

your theory should be right, so you will reject null hypothesis ( coz its less than 0.05 ) In statistical hypothesis testing, a type I error is the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding), while a type II error is incorrectly retaining a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding).

what is a 2 yr old most afraid of? 4 yr old?

• 1-3 yr old: SEPARATION • 4-6 yr old: UNKNOWN

Pt pays for service fee/insurance pays the rest:

• Insurance pays a flat fee/patient pays the rest - co payment • Provider is payed per patient not per procedure - capitation • HMO - limited to selection • PPO - allows patient selection

QUESTION:\

• Private insurance

Empathy-indifferent; Empathy-to walk in their shoes, share the emotional state they are feeling; Sympathy-to be concerned about someone, do not have to share the same emotional state as them.

同情，冷漠; 同情 - 走进自己的鞋子，分享他们感受到的情绪状态; 同情 - 关心某人，不必与他们分享同样的情绪状态

Panic attacks usually produce a sense of unreality, a fear of impending doom, or a fear of losing control.

恐慌发作通常会产生一种不真实的感觉，对即将到来的厄运的恐惧，或对失去控制的恐惧。

QUESTION: Health behavior: Precontemplation/contemplation/action definition

沉思 行动

Neuropraxia: It is a transient episode of motor paralysis with little or no sensory or autonomic dysfunction. Neurapraxia: describes nerve damage in which there is no disruption of the nerve or its sheath.

神经障碍：这是一种短暂的运动性麻痹，很少或没有感觉或自主神经功能障碍