Gov 15 Court Cases

Which of the following Supreme Court cases involved the principle of "one person, one vote"? A) Baker v. Carr B) Roe v .Wade C) Mapp v. Ohio D) Korematsu v United States E) Gideon v Wainwright

A) Baker v. Carr

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated, "that the [Constitution] protects the right to possess a handgun in the home for the purpose of self-defense" and that the Second Amendment applied to the states through which of the following constitutional clauses? A) The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment B) The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment C) The equal protection clause of the Fifth Amendment D) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

B) The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Which of the following is an accurate description of the decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) ? A) The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was upheld as constitutional because regulating arms is an enumerated power. B) The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was upheld as constitutional because any interstate commerce is implied in the commerce clause. C) The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was struck down as unconstitutional because it exceeded the commerce clause. D) The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was struck down because it exceeded the state's power to regulate guns.

C) The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was struck down as unconstitutional because it exceeded the commerce clause.

The Federalist No. 78 says, "A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as a fundamental law. It therefore belongs to them to ascertain its meaning, as well as the meaning of any particular act proceeding from the legislative body." In which of the following decisions did the Supreme Court use an argument most similar to the one in The Federalist No. 78 ? A) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) B) Schenck v. United States (1919) C) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) D) Marbury v. Madison (1803)

D) Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Which of the following rulings is most likely to cite the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision? A) A ruling in favor of students to print their opinions in a school newspaper B) A ruling against a public school's practice of having prayer at school assemblies C) A ruling supporting the creation of gun-free zones in public schools D) A ruling enforcing mandatory vaccinations for all children before attending school

A) A ruling in favor of students to print their opinions in a school newspaper

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the reasoning for the decision in Baker v. Carr (1962) ? A) Because rural districts had fewer people, representation was unevenly distributed; thus, Baker was denied equal protection under the law. B) To ensure equal protection under the law, there should be an equal number of rural and urban districts in a state. C) There should be redistricting every ten years at the federal level, but the state can choose not to redistrict at the state and local levels. D) Congressional redistricting must involve traditionally excluded groups in the process or it violates the equal protection clause.

A) Because rural districts had fewer people, representation was unevenly distributed; thus, Baker was denied equal protection under the law.

The decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) reflected new ideas about federalism at the time that can be best characterized by which of the following? A) A consolidation of power in the national government based on national supremacy B) A delegation of power from the federal government to state governments, increasing state and local sovereignty C) A delegation of power from the state governments to the federal government, increasing the power of the United States government D) An increase in cooperative federalism, where power and duties are shared between the federal and state governments

B) A delegation of power from the federal government to state governments, increasing state and local sovereignty

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling? A) It ruled that the state had an overarching right to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding such action permissible under the Tenth Amendment. B) It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation. C) It balanced the school's interest in providing for an open and peaceful frame of mind for the school day with the interest of the students in not being subjected to the prayer, ultimately ruling for the state. D) It rejected the student complaint, as public school students have no free exercise rights in school.

B) It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

In the majority opinion of a United States Supreme Court case, Justice Alito wrote, "we now turn directly to the question whether the...right to keep and bear arms is incorporated in the concept of due process. In answering that question, . . . we must decide whether the right to keep and bear arms is fundamental to our scheme of ordered liberty." Which Supreme Court case is most aligned with Justice Alito's reasoning to treat gun ownership for self-defense as a fundamental liberty? A) United States v. Lopez (1995) B) McDonald v. Chicago (2010) C) Baker v. Carr (1962) D) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

B) McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated that, "[s]elf-defense is a basic right, recognized by many legal systems from ancient times to the present day" and that an individual's right to bear arms was "deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition." The quote points to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution as a basis to limit state action? A) The First Amendment B) The Second Amendment C) The Third Amendment D) The Fourth Amendment

B) The Second Amendment

Which of the following Supreme Court cases establishes that a woman has a due process right to make a decision whether or not to have an abortion? A) United States v. Lopez (1995) B) McDonald v. Chicago (2010) C) Roe v. Wade (1973) D) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

C) Roe v. Wade (1973)

At a public high school, several students raised a banner and wore clothing in support of a candidate running in the upcoming presidential election during lunch period. The principal asked the students to put away the banner, citing safety concerns. Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this scenario? A) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) D) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that "the doctrine of separate but equal has no place" in the Constitution? A) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) B) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) C) Engel v. Vitale (1962) D) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

D) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

A chief executive officer (CEO) of a corporation believes that the Republican candidate for president will enact policies that are more beneficial to her business. The CEO donated the maximum amount allowed by law directly to the candidate's campaign fund. To increase the candidate's chances for election, the CEO also directed her corporation to donate funds to an independent political action committee to create ads criticizing the opposing candidate. According to the decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), which provision of the Constitution protects her actions? A) Reserved powers in the Tenth Amendment B) Due process clause in the Fifth Amendment C) Freedom of association in the First Amendment D) Freedom of speech in the First Amendment

D) Freedom of speech in the First Amendment

Which of the following Supreme Court cases established that those accused of felonies who cannot afford legal counsel are entitled to legal counsel provided by the state? A) United StaD) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)tes v. Lopez (1995) B) McDonald v. Chicago (2010) C) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) D) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

D) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontations with police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested. Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario? A) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) B) Engel v. Vitale (1962) C) New York Times v. United States (1971) D) Schenck v. United States (1919)

D) Schenck v. United States (1919)

The Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) relates to foundational documents in which of the following ways? A) The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution reserves powers to the states, and Marbury v. Madison deals with whether the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over state courts. B) The Declaration of Independence describes circumstances in which people may demand a redress of grievances, and Marbury v. Madison is about whether courts can resolve these crises. C) The Federalist 10 describes how the expanded scope of the national government can alleviate the problems of factions, and Marbury v. Madison uses the national government to negotiate a compromise between two rival factions. D) The Federalist 78 is about the power and role of the federal courts, and in Marbury v. Madison, Madison expands that role by giving the courts the power to determine whether laws or executive actions conflict with the Constitution.

D) The Federalist 78 is about the power and role of the federal courts, and in Marbury v. Madison, Madison expands that role by giving the courts the power to determine whether laws or executive actions conflict with the Constitution.

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court ruling limited state action in segregating public school students based on their race, stating "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." The Court pointed to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution to achieve this ruling? A) The First Amendment B) The Fifth Amendment C) The Thirteenth Amendment D) The Fourteenth Amendment

D) The Fourteenth Amendment

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court stated that the plaintiffs "seek the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a non-segregated basis. In each instance, they had been denied admission to schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to race." The Supreme Court ruled "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Which of the following provisions of the United States Constitution did the Supreme Court use to strike down racial segregation in state public schools? A) The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment B) The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment C) The equal protection clause of the Fifth Amendment D) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

D) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs? A) United States v. Lopez (1995) B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) D) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

D) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Which of the following cases examined a state law that required all children to attend school through the twelfth grade in order to promote the general welfare of its citizens? A) Engel v. Vitale (1962) B) Marbury v. Madison (1803) C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969) D) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

D) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

In Marburv v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court assumed the power to A) decide whether internal congressional procedures are constitutional B) advise Congress on the constitutionality of a proposed law C) regulate slavery D) decide on the constitutionality of a law or an executive action E) approve executive agreements

D) decide on the constitutionality of a law or an executive action