GOV 2305 6,7,8

according to dalton which of the following is true regarding political participation by americans -fewer americans tend to vote than before, but have found other ways to engage politically -fewer americans vote than before, and they also have lost interest in reaching out to their representatives -americans are more likely to vote than now, but are also more willing to engage via other forms of political participation -more americans are voting now than ever before

fewer americans tend to vote than before, but have found other ways to engage politically

what are the consequences of Diverter's Law for political parties -joining one of the major parties guarantees that a candidate will have sufficient financial resources to run a competitive campaign -they must join one of the existing parties -office seekers usually join one of the two competitive parties rather than pursuing office as independents or third-party nominees -it forces candidates to strategically align their positions of the issues with they party so they can take full advantage of the party label

office seekers usually join one of the two competitive parties rather than pursuing office as independents or third-party nominees

reports to the media, news conferences, and demonstrations are all examples of -insider tactics used by interest groups -insider tactics used by PACs -outsider tactics used by interest groups -ineffective efforts are changing policy

outsider tactics used by interest groups

which of the following is an activity that Russell Dalton would consider to be duty-based citizenship -actively seeking alternative views on abortion -voting -paying taxes -submission to health care purchasing requirements

-actively seeking alternative views on abortion

in An Economic Theory of Democracy, Anthony Downs defined a political party as -a team of men seeking to control the governing apparatus by gaining office in a duty constituted election -a machine with interchangeable parts -a body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavors and the national interest, based on some particular principle on which they are all agreed -any organization that seeks to influence the outcomes of elections

a team of men seeking to control the governing apparatus by gaining office in a duly constituted election

most successful large organizations circumvent the collective action problem by offering "selective incentives" -in essence, the threat of some consequence to the group whenever an individual defects -benefits that can be denied to individuals who do not join and contribute -benefits available to everyone regardless of membership in the group -the foundation of the rationale behind free riding

benefits that can be denied to individuals who do not join and contribute

since politicians know that lobbyists are advocates, they can only trust a lobbyists information when -information is independently confirmed by an expert -party leaders vouch for the lobbyist -the lobbyist donates a substantial campaign contribution -both sides expect to have a continuing relationship

both sides expect to have a continuing relationship

Before Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, federal law prohibited which of the following? -corporations and unions from using their general treasury funds to make independent expenditures for speech defined as an electioneering communication -foreign governments from using their general treasury funds to make independent expenditures for speech defined as an electioneering communication -individual citizens from using their general treasury funds to make independent expenditures for speech defined as an electioneering communication -interest groups from using their general treasury funds to make independent expenditures for speech defined as an electioneering communication

corporations and unions from using their general treasury funds to make independent expenditures for speech defined as an electioneering communication

Madison and de Tocqueville both believed that voluntary groups -were unlikely to form in a republic -were a nuisance; placing the right to assemble in the constitution had been a mistake because it led to the establishment of so many interest groups -despite the risks, were essential to an egalitarian social and political system -threatened democracy and should be prohibited

despite the risks, were essential to an egalitarian social and political system

the experiences of Uber demonstrate that -digital social networks can reweigh the calculus of political activism by making it almost costless and that can deliver policy victories -the most effective way to break existing iron triangles is donating money to candidates who are not beholden to existing interests -the fragmented universe of interest groups makes it harder for new interest to break in and find a piece of turf on which they can be successful -even with changes in technology that promise to overcome the problems of free riding, efforts still fall flat

digital social networks can reweigh the calculus of political activism by making it almost costless and that can deliver policy victories

typically more than half of voters tell pollsters that the two major parties -have co-opted the best ideas from the constitution party -satisfy their policy options so no additional parties are needed other than the green party -do such a great job that a major third party is not needed -do such a poor job that a third major party is needed

do such a poor job that a third major party is needed

why did the framers have such a pervasive fear of political parties -historical experiences about the dangers that resulted from factional strife along with eighteenth century social beliefs caused the fear -the strength of the british crown was rooted in the party system -because men could not be trusted, nay permanent alliances would naturally lead to tyranny -the rigidity of the party system in the colonies generated a great deal of free riding and nearly undermined the american revolution

historical experiences about the dangers that resulted from factional strife along with eighteenth century social beliefs caused the fear

universal suffrage for women was achieved -through state-level action alone; the national government has never formally changed the constitution but has simply reinterpreted it to include women -at the end of WWII with the adoption of the Universal Womens Suffrage Act -in 1920 with the adoption of the nineteenth amendment -after the civil war with the adoption of the fourteenth amendment

in 1920 with the adoption of the nineteenth amendment

spending in presidential campaigns -has decreased substantially since all candidates accept public financing -is focused on television advertising especially in the battleground states -is increasingly devoted to efforts that will mobilize voters more effectively -is distributed nationally because that is the only way to win the national popular vote

is focused on television advertising especially in the battleground states

what kind of incentives motivate individuals to contribute to groups espousing causes they care about without worrying whether their contribution will make an appreciable difference -personal -selective -moral -doctrinal

moral

political parties are -prohibited by the constitution, although the first amendments overrides the prohibition -not mentioned in the constitution -prohibited by the constitution, although the supreme court struck down the prohibition shortly after the first congress met

not mentioned in the constitution

what is the term used to describe politicians awarding jobs, offices, government contracts, and other benefits to their supporters -patronage -graft -soft money -kickback

patronage

what have scholars discovered about voting based on a number of different field experiments -americans have become so apathetic that there is very little that can be done to increase voter turnout above 50% -telephone calls stressing the importance of voting increased turnout the most -television advertising about the closeness of election had the greatest effect on turnout -personal visits combined with a message about the closeness of the election increased turnout the most

personal visits combined with a message about the closeness of the election increased turnout the most

Mitt Romney won the republican party presidential nomination by -portraying himself as a "severe conservative" and adopting issue positions consistent with this portrayal combined with superior financial resources -presenting himself as a socially conservative candidate which enables him to overcome his lack of financial resources -maintaining a consistent record as a moderate governor who could win a general election -using the delegate allocation rules to his advantage so he was able to dispatch all of his challengers rather easily

portraying himself as a "severe conservative" and adopting issue positions consistent with this portrayal combined with superior financial resources

interest group leaders and their constituents are involved in what relationship with all the familiar problems and challenges such relationships pose -fiduciary -social benefits -candidate- driven -principal-agent

principal-agent

the sons of liberty and the english bill of rights society were early examples of -public good lobbies -public interest lobbies -public participation lobbies -public purpose lobbies

public interest lobbies

the effect of the supreme court decision in Buckley v Valeo was that -corporations were entitled to the same free speech protections in the first amendment as individuals -reporting requirements and contribution limits were constitutional, but limits on spending violated the free speech protections of the first amendment -limits on aggregate contributions from individuals was unconstitutional -congress did not have the authority to establish campaign finance laws because elections were regulated by the states

reporting requirements and contribution limits were constitutional, but limits on spending violated the free speech protections of the first amendment

in general, what can be said about the relationship between disasters and elections -representatives are more likely to succeed in getting re-elected if they perform reasonably well in responding to a disaster -if the disaster is bad enough, no elected official is likely to remain in office -disasters have no effect on the likelihood of getting re-elected -disasters help officials get re-elected, regardless of how well they perform

representatives are more likely to succeed in getting re-elected if they perform reasonably well in responding to a disaster

elections allow ordinary citizens to, in aggregate, -essentially support the status quo -express how they feel about government although elected officials do not take the voters views into account when they make policy choices -reward or punish elected officials for their performance in office -avoid working for the duration of election day

reward of punish elected officials for their performance in office

the 2014 election -allowed democrats to recapture control of the House of Representatives so there was unified government -maintained the status quo of a republican majority in the house of representatives and a democratic majority in the senate -saw republicans expand their majority in the house of representatives while recapturing a majority in the senate -maintained a republican majority in the house of representatives, but resulted in a 50-50 tie in the senate

saw republicans expand their majority in the house of representatives while recapturing a majority in the senate

the system of proportional representation -guarantees that no party will receive a majority -tends to produce more legislative parties, but it has never tried in the united states on any significant scale -has declined in popularity around the world because having too many legislative parties creates too much uncertainty in government -encourages voters to behave strategically by turning to one of the less objectionable major party candidates who has a chance to win

tends to produce more legislative parties, but it has never tried in the united states on any significant scale

The experiences of Michael Dukakis in 1988 or Mitt Romney in 2012 illustrate that -a campaign cannot succeed if they do not spend a significant amount of money promoting their message -the actions of candidates can convey a message subverting the one intended -candidates can be successful even without having a particularly memorable message -it is important to develop a message and communicate it before your opponent does

the actions of candidates can convey a message subverting the one intended

what were two of the more important reforms of the progressive era -the coal brigade and the provision of civil war pensions -the poll tax and the spoils system -patronage and the provision of national pensions -the australian ballot and primary elections

the australian ballot and primary elections

why is it logical for citizens to not vote -the system of separated institutions sharing powers provides more influence to the unelected branches of the government such as the judiciary and the bureaucracy -votes do not really matter because politicians can manipulate the public into believing whatever they what -the benefits are individual, but since governments do not provide many tangible benefits, the costs of voting outweigh the benefits -the benefits are collective and they enjoy the payoff even if they have not helped to produce them by voting

the benefits are collective and they enjoy the payoff even if they have not helped to produce them by voting

according to Dalton, which of the following would not be included as causing the political transformation of the american electorate -the increase in the ability for political parties to draw voters to the polls -the urbanization and suburbanization of society -the civil rights movement -the social status of women

the increase in the ability for political parties to draw voters to the polls

which of the following statements about spending in House elections is true? -the only route to success for challengers is raising and spending more money than incumbents -the more money incumbents spend, the greater their chances of winning reelection -the more challengers spend, the more likely they are to win, but few spend enough to be competitive -house incumbents have such an advantage that no matter how much money challengers raise it is not enough

the more challengers spend, the more likely they are to win, but few spend enough to be competitive

in general, the more government does -the less citizens agitate for new policies -the more it undermines the incentives for organized political action -the less need there is for organized political action -the more incentives it creates for organized political action

the more incentives it creates for organized political action

one of the biggest challenges to the republican party ability to maintain its current coalition in the electorate is: -the shift away from the conservatism towards populism -the increase in the youth vote -the decline in tax revenue from big business -the increase in latin american immigration

the shift away from conservatism towards populism

which of the following is the most likely reason why there will not be a significant party realignment in the near future -donald trump is limited to two terms -there is no single that mobilizes america -the republican party is likely to coalesce politically -the immigration debate will be resolved within the next few years

there is no single that mobilizes america

Which of the following statements about PACs is not true -they must donate money to at least 5 candidates -the maximum contribution is 5000 -they must raise money from at least 50 people -they are only permitted to donate money in congressional elections

they are only permitted to donate money in congressional elections

What was one of the consequences of the 2014 midterm election? -it reinforced democratic majorities so that president obama was able to pivot from his signature legislative achievements and pursue new ones on climate change -it provided the republicans with an opportunity to quickly repeal and replace president obamas signatures legislative achievements -while republicans would not have enough votes to reverse president obamas signature legislative achievements, voters loudly and clearly repudiated the president -republicans built large enough majorities in both the House and Senate so they would be able to easily override any vetoes president obama might issue

while republicans would not have enough votes to reverse president obamas signature legislative achievements, voters loudly and clearly repudiated the president

Diverges law explains -why office seekers will frequently pursue office as independents or third-party nominees -why plurality elections always lead to party systems with more than two major competitors -why the electoral college is so frequently unable to choose the president -why in any election in which a single winner is chosen by plurality voting, there is a strong tendency for serious competitors to be reduced to two

why in any election in which a single winner is chosen by plurality voting, there is a strong tendency for serious competitors to be reduced to two