Government 5

How many Asian Americans currently serve in Congress?

12

in which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated student's constitutional right to equal protection under the law?

2007

Which amendment passed at the end of the war granted African American men the right to vote?

Fifteenth

What sociologist authored the book An American Dilemma?

Gunnar Myrdal

How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?

He did not believe there was a precise meaning.

Since the 1950s, how has the federal government responded to demands for equal rights for African Americans?

It passed a series of laws that secured fundamental rights for African Americans.

Which of the following Hispanic politicians were top contenders for the Republican presidential nomination?

Marco Rubio Ted Cruz

Which of the following minority groups make up the largest Hispanic population in the United States?

Mexicans

Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?

More than half grow up in a single-parent family.

Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote?

Nineteenth Amendment

Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?

Obergefell v. Hodges

Southern states used a number of devices to prevent African Americans from voting, including which of the following?

Poll Taxes Whites-only primaries literacy tests

Which of the following is an ongoing struggle between state governments and Native American tribal governments?

States want to control casino gambling on Native American reservations.

The Supreme Court ruled that the forced busing of children for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools was constitutional in

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County.

Which is an accurate representation of the Hispanic population in the United States?

The majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean islands. Their numbers have more than doubled in the past twenty years.

In 1972, Native Americans organized a caravan titled the ______ that journeyed from California to Washington, D.C., to protest federal policy.

Trail of Broken Treaties

Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting

certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job.

Native Americans were not considered to be ______ until 1924.

citizens

The type of discrimination in which traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice despite legal protections is

de facto discrimination.

Which type of discrimination is based on the law?

de jure discrimination

What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?

discrimination

The 1964 Civil Rights Act banned

discrimination in public accommodations

Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods discriminatory practices in housing discriminatory practices in mortgage lending

Although many Americans believe that the concept of ______ includes such things as access to jobs and health care, others argue that it means only that people are all treated the same under the law.

equality

In order to ensure equal employment opportunity for all, the federal government in the 1960s began to require agencies and businesses to

establish policies aimed at giving minority-group members equal opportunities to obtain jobs.

What accounts for the fact that Hispanics are healthier and have a longer life expectancy than would be predicted based on their education and income levels?

family structure

In Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of__________ classifications even though such classification need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income.

gender

In general, the Supreme Court has held that gender discrimination in law

is almost always unconstitutional.

How many Hispanics currently serve in the U.S. House of Representatives?

more than 30

In a 1930s Supreme Court case that challenged the application of the separate-but-equal doctrine, the Court ruled that blacks ______ be allowed to use public facilities reserved for whites in those cases where they didn't have separate facilities.

must

Which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?

reasonable-basis test

Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.

strict-scrutiny

Concerning age discrimination in employment, the courts have given employers the right to force individuals to retire based on

the performance of a particular employee. the nature of the job.

The Supreme Court decision in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) ______ affirmative action.

upheld

In what area of civil rights were Asian Americans particularly active in the 1960s?

voting rights

In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians

were an inferior people.

Of the 500 largest U.S. corporations, about ______ percent are headed by women.

7

What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?

California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively.

Which groups have historically lacked equality in the United States?

Catholics, Asian Americans, Women

Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?

Cesar Chavez

In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.

Indian Bill of Rights

Which of the following accurately describes women and poverty?

Most single-parent families are headed by women and one-third of those live below the poverty line. Single-parent women who work in nonprofessional fields are particularly vulnerable to poverty. Many poor working women find that their wages cannot cover child-care expenses.

Which of the following Native American tribes have a majority who speak native languages at home?

Pueblo Navajo

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?

The average pay for women workers is only 80 percent of the amount earned by male workers. Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men.

Which term refers to the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments?

civil rights

Affirmative action policies have been used by ______ to expand opportunities for women and minority group members.

educational institutions employers

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution was at the center of the argument in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

equal-protection clause

Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to

have a high median income. be college educated.

According to today's statistics, Asian Americans are underrepresented in which of the following areas?

holding the top position in corporations holding high-level political office

Despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which African Americans have made significant gains is in

winning elective office.

What demographic group is most likely to support same-sex marriage?

younger adults

At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as ______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large black populations.

redlining

Which of the following statements about the Americans with Disabilities Act are true?

requires government agencies to take steps to make their buildings accessible to persons with disabilities. It grants certain employment protections to persons with disabilities.

When white settlers first arrived in what is now the U.S., there were approximately 5 to 10 million Native American inhabitants. By 1900, there were

fewer than 1 million.