government

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

senate term

6 years

Foreign Policy

A nation's overall plan for dealing with other nations

Amendment 8 (VIII)

A person is proctected from cruel and unusual punishment.

Multilateralism

A philosophy that encourages individual nations to act together to solve international problems

pocket veto

A veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it.

Connecticut plan

Agreement during the Constitutional Convention that Congress should be composed of a Senate, in which States would be represented equally, and a House, in which representation would be based on a State's population.

------ -------- proposed at the constitutional convention that the executive be appointed by electors and be granted life time tenure

Alexander Hamilton

------ ----- was concerned about the executive being only one person and proposed it be a small council to diffuse power

Benjamin franklin

War Powers Act of 1973

In 1973, Congress passed this law which requires that soldiers sent into military action overseas by the President be brought back within sixty days unless Congress approves the action.

Bowers v. Hardwick

Ninth Amendment - no Constitutional protection of sexual privacy

Watergate Scandal

Result of break-in committed by Nixon's administration; goal was to cover attempted burglary

Engle v. Vitale

Supreme Court case that ruled that prayer in public school violated the principle of separation of church and state.

house of representative term and why

2 years because they have the power to tax

how many supreme court judges are there?

9

freedom of assembly

Amendment 1

Supremacy Clause

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

supremacy clause

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

necessary and proper clause

Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government

Three-Fifths Compromise

Compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.

Impeachment Process

Constitutional process for removing executive officers & judges for "treason, high crime & misdemeanors" (whatever Congress thinks is impeachable). Two stages: (1) House decides to impeach (accuse) target (simple majority); (2) Senate holds trial to convict (2/3 majority). Andy Johnson and Bill Clinton were impeached but not convicted. Nixon resigned as Articles of Impeachment were being drafted!

economic sanctions

Denial of export, import, or financial relations with the target country in an effort to change that nation's policies.

-- ------ ----- wrote the majority opinion for the supreme court in roe vs wade

Dr. Harry Blackmun

federalist paper #1

Federalist No. 1 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, which became the first of a collection of essays named The Federalist. It was published on October 27, 1787, under the pseudonym Publius. This paper provides the outline for the rest and argues for the inadequacy of the Articles of Confederation.

federalist paper #6

Federalist No. 6 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the sixth of The Federalist Papers. It was published on November 14, 1787 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. Arguing for the importance of the Union to the well-being of Americans

federalist paper#70

Federalist No. 70, titled "The Executive Department Further Considered", is an essay written by Alexander Hamilton arguing for the unitary executive provided for in the United States Constitution. It was originally published on March 15, 1788 in The New York Packet under the pseudonym Publius as part of The Federalist Papers and as the fourth in Hamilton's series of eleven essays discussing executive power.

the first two political parties were...

Federalist and Anti-Federalist

-------- --------- said that that concern for others is not a prerequisite

George Washington

in ----- -- ----- John Marshall ruled that congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce per article 1 and article 6 of the constitution

Gibbons vs Ogden

Rit of habeas corpus

Habeas corpus is a recourse in law whereby a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment before a court, usually through a prison official.

------- ------ feared that empowering citizens to decide policy would be dangerous to freedom, minorities, and property and would result in violence by one group against another.

James Maddison

------- -------- is the author of federalist paper #10 which dealt with the problem of factions

James Madison

who favored a strict interpretation of the gov

Jefferson

who sought to limit powers of the national gov

Jefferson

In ---- -- ---- John Marshall affirmed the constitution of the establishment of the bank of the US per the necessary and proper clause in Article 1

McCullagh vs Maryland

the idea of separation of powers was an earlier idea put forward in the age of enlightenment by a French philosopher named ------

Montisque

in ---- -- ---- John Marshall staked out the power of judicial review for the supreme court over all laws passed by congress

Mulberry vs Madison

amendment 10

States rights

Miranda v. Arizona

Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police. decided by the 14th amendment

Internationalism

The belief that nations must engage in international problem solving.

Commerce Clause

The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations.

-------- -------- said " a little rebellion now and then is a good thing, and is necessary in the political world as storms in the physical."

Thomas Jefferson

representation based on population

Virginia Plan

federalist paper #10

Written by James Madison to convince people to support the ratification of the constitution. Argued that factions were inevitable but were best controlled by a large republic that employed a Federalist structure. Argued that competition among factions would limit their negative impacts.

Gideon v. Wainwright

a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In the case, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that state courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys.

Federalist Papers

a series of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay (using the name "publius") published in NY newspapers and used to convice readers to adopt the new constitution

Preemption

a strategy for attacking against adversaries that might attack first.

Containment

a strategy for reducing the threat of war or expansion by strengthening friendly nations and diplomatic pressure

-------- ----- stated in federalist #23 the executive branch must have whatever power was needed to protect the safety and well-being of the republic

alexander Hamilton

federalist paper # 7

an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the seventh of The Federalist Papers. It was published on November 15, 1787 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. Arguing for the importance of the Union to the well-being of Americans, Hamilton addresses a theme begun in Federalist No. 6: the danger of dissension among the states if they remain without a strong federal government. Hamilton closes by arguing that given time, a collection of un-unified states would descend into the same entanglements of European politics and wars.

-------- -- provides for the method of amending the constitution

article five

the first ten amendments are called the ---- --- ----

bill of rights

the ---- doctrine asserted America's right to attack any nation that has weapons of mass destruction that may be used against the US.

bush

even though we experienced many problems under the articles of confederation such as trade and a lack of executive power, the most important impetus for a new form of government was an event that took place in Massachusetts on 1786/7 called --------- ---------

constitutional convention

article two of the constitution

creates the executive branch of the government, consisting of the President, the Vice President, and other executive officers and staffers appointed by the President, including the Cabinet.

Bush vs. Gore

decided by the 14th amendment

alexander Hamilton said in federalist #70 ------ in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government

energy

the power to declare war

enumerated power- Power enumerated to Congress to check the President's power and Commander-in-Chief

article one of the constitution

establishes the legislative branch of the federal government, the United States Congress. The Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate.

------ ----- is a formal instruction that tells the executive branch how to execute a specific law or broader presidential policy

executive order

Political groups that agree on objectives and policies; the origins of political parties.

factions

true or false- Thomas Jefferson's in his second treatise on civil government put forth a novel idea by asserting 3 natural rights: life liberty and property he would later use them in the declaration of independence

false

true or false- according to the constitution, impeachment is the removal from office

false

true or false- according to the constitution, impeachment is the removal of office

false

true or false- federalism refers to the division of powers between the 3 branches of government

false

true or false- in the case of mchulloch vs Maryland, john marshall staked out the power of judicial review for the supreme court

false

true or false- the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party is called redistricting

false

true or false- the drawing of the legislative district boundaries to benefit a party is called redistricting

false

true or false- the supremecy clause of the constitution resides in in article IV

false it is in article VI

---------- is the division of powers between national and states governments

federalism

the ---- ---- provided a sophisticated analysis of republican government and a point by point discussion of the merits of the constitution

federalist papers

who favored a commercial republic

hamiltion

who proposed the idea of trickle down economics

hamiltion

who said energy in the executive branch is the leading character of good gov

hamiltion

Right to face your accuser

he Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that "in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right...to be confronted with the witnesses against him." Generally, the right is to have a face-to-face confrontation with witnesses who are offering testimonial evidence against the accused in the form of cross-examination during a trial.

out of fear of the small states pushing for tax bills in the upper house senate, only the ------ -- -------- has the power to originate revenue bills

house of represenitives

------- ------ wrote the majority opinion for the supreme court in engle vs vitale

hugo black

rit of certiarari

is a writ seeking judicial review. It is issued by a superior court, directing an inferior court, tribunal, or other public authority to send the record of a proceeding for review.

federalist #2 and #3

is an essay written by John Jay, the second of The Federalist Papers, a series of 85 essays arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution. These essays, written by Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, were published under the pseudonym "Publius". Federalist No. 2, titled "Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence", was published on October 31, 1787, as the first of five essays written by Jay where he addresses the advantages of a unified government over separate sovereignties. He discusses how an undivided country enforces laws with more efficiency, resolves conflicts, and gives better protection from foreign influences.

who proposed the idea of a council to perform the duties of the executive branch

james Madison

---- ----- said that the diversity in faculties of men from which the rights of property originate is not less insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. the protection of these facilities is the first object of gov

james madision

though it does not state it but one of the functions of the -------- branch of the US government was to protect minorities since they had life time appointments

judicial

judges term and why

life and Judges are appointed for life because that is how it was written into the US Constitution. The reason the founders did that was to insulate the judges from politics, and the vicissitudes of public opinion, so they could be impartial in their judgment without fear of retaliation for an unpopular decision.

----- feared that empowering citizens to decide policy would be dangerous to freedom, minorities, property and would result in violence by one group against another

madision

a theory of deterrence that is based on creating enough nuclear weapons to retaliate against the aggressor to insure their total destruction in case of an attack is called

mutually assured destruction

----- ------ ----- is a white house group that is responsible for advising the president on the key defense and foreign policy

national security counsel

in the case of ------- vs -------- the supreme court's decision was based on the ------ amendment

neat vs Minnesota, first amendment

Article 1 section 8 paragraph 18 was added to the 17 enumerated clauses and was called the -------- --- ------clause which broadened the power of congress

necessary and proper

implied powers

necessary and proper clause

gave equal representation in congress

new jersey plan

what did Benjamin franklin say at the constitutional convention

proposed a executive committee instead of one president

Amendment 9 (IX)

right to privacy

Griswald vs. Connecticut

right to privacy

Amendment 4 (IV)

search and seizure

the --- are supreme in a confederate government

states

the main problem anti-federalists had with the constitution was -----

taxes

what did Madison stand up and say

that the executive powers need to be specified

Roe vs. Wade

the U.S. supreme Court ruled that there is a fundamental right to privacy, which includes a woman's decision to have an abortion. Up until the third trimester the state allows abortion.

created congress

the great compromise

the prosecuting attorney in the impeachment process

the house

stari decisis

the legal doctrine that says precedent should guide judicial decision making

in the impeachment process who is the jury

the senate

---- ----- ---- is the replacement for draft conscription for recurring members of the armed forces passed by congress after the Vietnam war

the volunteer force

a ----- is the form of government in which deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler

theocracy

what did the founding fathers believe about the president

they thought the congress would be more powerful than the president

Article IV states that the constitution and all of the laws of the united states which shall be therefore, and all ----- made under the authority of the US shall be supreme law of the land

treaties

True or false- the delegates to the constitutional convention believed the legislative branch would be the most powerful branch of government. Therefore, they feared a tranny of the majority rather than a tranny of the unity.

true

true or false - alexander Hamilton believed that if the US constitution did not say you could not do it then you could do it

true

true or false - the drawling of the legislative district boundaries to benefit a party is called gerrymandering

true

true or false- in the maurberry vs madision john marshall staked out the power of judicial review for the supreme court of laws passed by congress

true

true or false- it takes a 2 thirds majority in both houses to override a presidential veto

true

true or false- the delegates to the constitutional convention believed the legislative branch would be the most powerful branch of government. therefore, they feared a tyranny of the majority rather than a tyranny of the unity

true

true or false- the executive branch has the responsibility to administer the laws passed by congress

true

true or false- the great compromise dealt with the problem of representation, large versus small states

true

true or false- the judicial branch of government has the responsibility to administer the laws passed by congress

true

true or false- the supremacy clause of the US constitution is found in article VI

true

what a veto needs to get passed

two thirds majority of both houses

how many votes does the senate need to convict

two thirds or 67 senators

--- --- ---- limited the power of the executive branch to commit US troops for extended periods of time unilaterally

war power resolution

biological, chemical, or nuclear weapons that can cause a massive numbers of death is called

weapons of mass destruction