Government Chapter 33-34

Jus sanguis

"law of the blood" is a principle in which citizenship is determined by percentage rather than place of birth or jus soli.

How was citizenship defined in the U.S. before and after the 14th amendment?

Before the 14th Amendment was enacted, each State had the right to determine the citizenship of children born within its borders; anyone who became a citizen of any State was automatically a citizen of the United States. Its Citizenship Clause provides a broad definition of citizenship that overruled the decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which held that blacks could not be citizens of the United States.

how is citizenship through naturalization different from citizenship by birth?

Citizenship by naturalization is achieved, whereas citizenship by birth is ascribed.

How do the rights and responsibilities of citizens differ from those of resident aliens?

Lawful Permanent Residents generally do not have the right to vote, the right to be elected in federal and state elections, the ability to bring family members to the United States (permanent residents are allowed to sponsor certain family members, but this is often not practical due to long approval delays), or eligibility for federal government jobs. Male permanent residents between the ages of 18 and 26 are subject to registering in the Selective Service System

The most common reason people offer for not voting is lack of time. What suggestions do you have for solving that problem?

Making voting in the United States less difficult.

Explain how jus soli, jus sanguinis and residency differ as principle for defining citizenship.

Right of the soil, right of the blood, indefinite residence within a country despite not having citizenship.

Voting is mandatory in more than sixty countries in the world, many of them democracies.Should it be made mandatory in the United States? Explain your response

Such a system guarantees that the government represents a majority of the population, not only individuals who vote. This helps ensure that governments do not neglect sections of society that are less active politically, and victorious political leaders of compulsory systems may potentially claim greater political legitimacy than those of non-compulsory systems with lower voter turnout.

How does the constitution define national and state citizenship?

The 14th Amendment defines citizenship this way: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." But even this does not get specific enough. As usual, the Constitution provides the framework for the law, but it is the law that fills in the gaps. The Constitution authorizes the Congress to do create clarifying legislation in Section 5 of the 14th Amendment; the Constitution, in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 4, also allows the Congress to create law regarding naturalization, which includes citizenship

Describe opportunities for participation in civic life afforded by

Voluntary associations - a group of individuals who enter into an agreement as volunteers to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose. • Nongovernmental organizations - a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government and a term usually used by governments to refer to entities that have no governmental status. • Service and business organizations - legally recognized organization designed to provide goods, services, or both to consumers or tertiary business in exchange for money. • Voting - a formal indication of a choice between two or more candidates or courses of action

Jus soli

a latin phrase meaning"law if the soil" of "right of birth place"

denaturalization

a legal process in which the government has the burden of proof, and the citizen is entitled to due process of law

Resident Aliens

are affected by local public policies as much as citizens are, and such residents should have a say in how they are governed

dual citizenship

having two citizenships

Voter Registration

help with decision of offices

Naturalization

is the legal process by which a foreign citizen becomes a citizen of the US

Voluntary associations

unpaid groups, to solve a problem and take care of each other

Nongovernmental organization

often are classified by their focus such as disaster relief, economic development healthcare or environmental protection

E pluribus unum:

out of many, one does not mean that the plurality of pluribus is eliminated by the unity of the union

Alien

people who aren't citizens- should be allowed to vote in american elections

Citizenship

right and resopibaliets of people who owe allegiance to a particular government and are entitled to the government protection

Explain the difference between self-interest, enlightened self-interest, and the common good. Provide examples of each as related to civil engagement.

self-interests are those to one's personal advantage, whereas enlightened self-interest is a philosophy which states that acting to further the interests of others also serves one's own self-interest. The latter is a "common-good" philosophy

enlightened self- interest

the realization that one can fulfill private ambitions only if one also contributes to common good.