Government Final

When a voter decides to vote for a candidate they do not know based solely on their party affiliation, it is an example of which of the following?

Information shortcut

Which of the following is a process in which the public writes legislation, places it on the ballot, and votes for it directly?

Initiative

As it is not housed with an executive department, the Environmental Protection Agency is an example of which of the following?

Independent Agency

Selective exposure refers to which of the following?

Individuals choose to view only information that supports their beliefs

Which of the following elected senators in the original Constitution?

State legislatures

Which chamber of Congress permits a legislator to indefinitely delay a vote on a proposed bill by refusing to end debate?

The Senate

Which of the following voted to approve the appointment of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court of the United States?

The Senate

Which branch of government has the least required qualifications for officeholders?

The Supreme Court

Which of the following most accurately describes the Supreme Court of the United States?

The Supreme Court declines to hear most cases appealed to it

Which of the following most accurately describes the Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

The Supreme Court struck down an act of Congress that expanded the Court's original jurisdiction

In which of the following ways did the international system change after World War II?

The U.S. abandoned the policy of isolationism and increased its role as a diplomatic and military power around the globe

Which of the following statements best describes U.S. defense spending?

The U.S. spends more on defense than the next seven highest spending countries combined

Which of the following most accurately characterized the Cold War?

The United State continually built up its military in competition with the Soviet Union in the decades after World War II

In Citizens United v. FEC, the Supreme Court removed limits on which of the following?

The ability of an organization to spend money to run ads for and against candidates

What power does the federal bureaucracy have over Congress?

The bureaucracy is in charge of implementing most laws passed by Congress

Why was the Constitution written to replace the Articles of Confederation?

To create a stronger central government

Which of the following best describes the role of elite cues?

Voters with little information copy the positions of political elites such as elected officials, religious leaders, celebrities, or media pundits who they view as authority figures

Which of the following is not included in the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?

cases involving challenges to the constitutionality of state laws

Demographic characteristics such as education, class, race, and gender

produce differences of opinion in the United States

Which of these terms refers to the process by which certain guarantees expressed in the bill of rights were applied to the states though the 14th amendment?

selective incorporation

The Republican Party currently controls which of the following governing institutions?

The Presidency and the Senate

Imagine an election in a nation divided into 10 districts with one legislative seat for each district. There are three political parties in this imaginary nation: Party A, Party B, and Party C. Overall, Party A represents 47% of the population, Party B represents 33% of the population, and Party C represent 20% of the population. However, the table below shows each party's share of the vote in each of the ten districts. If the nation's electoral system uses single-member districts with plurality voting, how many seats should party C expect to receive out of the 10?

0

How many branches of government existed under the Articles of Confederation?

1

Interest groups work to influence policy through which of the following groups?

All of the above -Voters -Members of Congress -Media

How many amendments were ratified in the Bill of Rights?

10

Missouri has 8 seats in the House of Representatives. If Trump won 40% of the votes in Missouri on Election Day, Biden won 30% of the votes, and Jo Jorgensen won 30% of the votes, how many Electoral College votes should Trump expect to receive under normal circumstances?

10

Which of these groups was the last to have their right to vote guaranteed in the Constitution?

18-year-olds

For how many years do members of the House of Representatives serve?

2

The 22nd Amendment to the Constitution limits the U.S. president to how many full terms in office?

2

For how many years do members of the senate serve?

6

In practice (regardless of what the Constitution requires), how many Electoral College votes is a state with six representatives in the House of Representatives expected to give to the presidential candidate who wins 51% of the popular votes in the state?

8

Out of the 13 states, how many needed to vote to approve legislation in order for it to become law under the Articles of Confederation?

9

When a bill is proposed in the House of Representatives, where does it first go to be evaluated?

A Standing Committee

If you believed you were wrongfully convicted of a crime in a state trial court, to which of the following courts would you first appeal the decision?

A State Appellate Court

Which of the following is an example of the B term in the calculus of voting?

A candidate plans to lower your taxes, increasing your disposable income

Which of the following is an example of a solidary benefit?

A meeting held for members of an interest group

What is required for Congress to override a presidential veto?

A two-thirds vote in both Chambers of Congress

Which of the following best describes an open primary?

A voter may help determine the party nominee even if they are not a registered member of the party

Which of the following is an example of broadcast media?

All of the above -Cable News Network -National Public Radio -ABC World News Tonight

Which of the following statements about the fragmentation of media is correct?

All of the above -Fragmentation is lessened by the internet. -A lack of a common media experience can divide groups and society. -Print journalist have increased the size and diversity of their audience.

Which of the following statements about Congress and the bureaucracy is true?

All of the Above -Bureaucracies employ people who have much more specialized expertise in specific policy areas than do members of Congress. -While Congress is responsible for making laws, the bureaucracy is responsible for filling in the blanks by determining how the laws should be implemented. -Congress relies heavily on bureaucratic flexibility in implementing laws because updating legislation can take many years and bureaucrats can ensure laws are administered in ways that take new conditions into account.

Which of the following are necessary features of a democracy?

All of the Above -The governed can formulate preferences -The governed can signify or express their preferences -The preferences of the governed are weighted equally

How are congressional district lines redrawn to influence the outcome of elections?

All of the above -Packing members of the same party into a single district to reduce their chances of winning other districts -Dividing members of the same party across multiple districts to reduce their chances of winning a district -Making each district safe for a party to benefit incumbents

In which of the following ways does Congress check the power of the federal executive?

All of the above -The Senate must approve presidential appointees to top positions in cabinet departments, agencies, ambassadorships, and the federal courts -The executive branch is made up of departments and agencies created and funded by Congress -The Senate must approve treaties negotiated by the president

Which of the following positions in the federal government was not expressly created in the U.S. Constitution?

All of the above -Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff -Secretary of the Treasury -Attorney General

Direct lobbying includes which of the following activities?

All of the above -Education -Persuasion -Pressure

Which of the following have presidents used to increase their independent authority?

All of the above -Executive agreements -Executive orders -Executive Office of the President

Which of the following is an example of a regulatory policy?

All of the above -Fines for traffic violations -Increased tax on tobacco products -Imprisonment for murder

From which of the following sources do Americans often acquire political attitudes?

All of the above -Parents -Teachers -Political parties

Which of the following explains why the United States has consistently remained a two-party system over time?

All of the above -Single-member districts with plurality voting make it difficult for a third party to gain representation in Congress. -By selecting their electoral college delegates using a winner-take-all system, states make it difficult for presidential candidates from a third party to gain electoral college votes. -State ballot-access laws often impose barriers such as registration fees or petition requirements in which a certain number of voters must sign a petition for a third-party or independent candidate to have their name placed on the ballot.

Which of the following nominates members of the Supreme Court?

The President

In which of the following ways did the original constitution enshrine and protect the practice of slavery?

All of the above -It prohibited Congress from banning the importation of slaves until 1808 - It allowed slave-holding states to count three-fifths of their slave populations toward representation in the House of Representatives even though slaves would not be permitted to vote for representatives - It required states that had outlawed slavery to return any slaves who escaped into their territory from slave-holding states

Which of the following acts is an expression of public opinion?

All of the above -Joining a protest on Wall Street against banks and financiers -Writing a letter to a member of the House of Representatives -Responding to a New York Times poll on the 2016 Presidential Election

Which of the following is an example of an activity associated with duty-based citizenship?

All of the above -Serving in the military -Serving on a jury -Voting

Which of the following is an agreement made between the president and another country that does not require a two-thirds majority in the Senate for approval?

An executive agreement

Which of the following candidates for elected office is most affected by retrospective voting?

An incumbent

In most cases, which of the following is the final step in ratifying an amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

Approval by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states

What is Dahl's primary critique of the senate?

Because states are represented equally in the Senate, the residents of states with large populations have less power in the Senate than residents of states with small populations

Which of the following is not a concern about recent changes to the media related to the rise of the internet as a source of news?

Because the internet is heavily regulated by the Federal Communications Commission, reliance on online news may give the federal government more control over the news that reaches the public.

Which of the following statements about the U.S. Presidency is inaccurate?

Because the president lacks the power to sponsor bills in Congress, Congress rarely takes suggestions from the president when considering legislation.

Which of these types of federal funding gives states the most discretion in how funds are spent?

Block grants

Which of the following is an example of an activity associated with engaged citizenship?

Boycotting a company

How is the Speaker of the House selected?

By election on the floor of the House of Representatives

Which of the following best describes the concerns of Lijphart about voter turnout?

Citizens with less education and money are less likely to vote, which means low turnout elections are biased in favor of those with higher socioeconomic status

Which of the following is the area of law that involves contractual and financial disputes between individuals or organizations?

Civil Law

Which of these terms refers to a citizen's protections from government interference?

Civil liberties

Which of these demographic characteristics is associated with those who are most likely to vote in elections?

College educated

Which of the following organizational features is unique to the House of Representatives?

The Rules Committee

War may only be declared by which of the following?

Congress

Social Security is an example of which of the following?

Contributory Welfare

Which of the following terms refers to the strategy in which nation-states develop and maintain military strength in order to discourage attacks?

Deterrence

Taken together, the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Amendments define which of the following?

Due Process of Law

Which of the following is the Department of State's primary purpose?

Engaging in diplomacy

Which of the following accurately describes the "three streams" theory of policymaking?

Even when the problem and policy streams intersect, no action may occur unless a political opportunity arises

Which term describes the division of powers between the national and state governments?

Federal System

Which of the following electoral reforms has not been used in the United States to increase voter turnout?

Federal voting holiday

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of the press?

First Amendment

Which of the following officials has the greatest authority over the U.S. military?

The Secretary of Defense

Which of the following areas of policymaking is managed exclusively by the federal government?

Foreign Policy

Dues-paying members of the AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons) are not an example of which of the following?

Free riders

Which constitutional clause requires that states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions of other states?

Full faith and credit clause

Which of the following affects the C term in the calculus of voting?

Giving you time off work on election day

Gerrymandering affects elections for which of the following offices?

House of Representatives

Which of the following is not a common source of inaccuracy in public opinion polling related to the design of a poll itself?

Ideological incoherence

Which of the following terms refers to the overall set of political beliefs and values a person may possess?

Ideology

Which of the following is not one of the four criticisms Ginsberg offers of how polling has changed public opinion?

It makes it more expensive and difficult for members of the public to express their opinions

Which of these is not a benefit of the modern primary process?

It prevents those outside the party from influencing the nomination

In Federalist 10, James Madison argues that a large republic will help to solve the problem of faction in which of the following ways?

It will be harder for one faction with a single set of interests to dominate the entire government

In which branch of government do Americans generally have the most trust?

Judicial Branch

Which of the following officeholders is the president empowered to appoint without congressional approval?

None of the above -Cabinet members who oversee executive departments -Ambassadors -Federal judges

Originally, the Constitution restricted suffrage on the basis of which of following characteristics?

None of the above -Gender -Age -Property

An agreement between members of Congress to trade support for each other's bills is known as which of the following?

Logrolling

Which of the following officials has the most power within the Senate?

Majority Leader

Providing dues-paying members with access to subsidized health insurance would be an example of which of the following selective benefits?

Material

Which of the following statements best describes the fate of most proposed bills?

Most bills are never passed out of their assigned standing committees

In which of the following decisions does the House of Representatives have decision-making authority?

None of the above -Supreme Court Appointments -Cabinet Appointments -Approval of Treaties

According to Robert Dahl, which of the following features of the U.S. political system is completely unique among countries that have been steadily democratic since at least 1950?

Presidential system

Which of the following best describes niche journalism?

News reporting that appeals to a small audience with similar interests

Which of the following best describes newspaper reporting in the 1800s?

Newspapers displayed more partisan bias, because they needed financial support from the political parties

Which of the following does not help the American electorate make decisions with relatively little information?

Non-attitudes

Which of the following is a Constitutional requirement to be approved as a Supreme Court Justice

None of the Above

Which section of the U.S. Constitution addresses the nomination procedures of political parties?

None of the above -Article II -Article VIII -Article I

Which of the following best describes the Constitution's limitations on political parties?

None of the above -The Constitution limits U.S. elections to candidates from only the two largest political parties -The Constitution prohibits federal judges from identifying as a member of a political party -States are required to give all of their Electoral College votes to a candidate from a single political party and cannot split their votes among multiple candidates

In which of the following decisions does the house of representatives have decision-making authority?

None of the above. (Supreme Court Appointments, Cabinet Appointments, Approval of Treaties)

Interest groups do which of the following to overcome the free rider problem?

Offer selective benefits

Which of the following best describes a closed primary?

Only registered members of a party may vote

Which of the following refers to the practice of awarding government jobs to an elected official's political supporters?

Patronage

According to the data shown by Delli Carpini and Keeter, Americans know the least about which of the following?

People and players

In a constitutional government, which of the following is necessarily true?

Power is formally defined and limited

According to the data shown by Delli Carpini and Keeter, Americans know the most about which of the following?

Political institutions and processes

How do political parties differ from interest groups?

Political parties seek to control government across all issues

Which of the following refers to a military strike intended to prevent an enemy attack?

Preemption

Which of the following is not a feature of our federal election system?

Proportional Representation

Ginsberg argues that polling does which of the following?

Removes your ability to determine what topics you will assert your opinion on

The states' power to regulate education is an example of which of the following?

Reserved Power

Which of these protections was guaranteed in the original Constitution (before amendments)?

Right of habeas corpus

Which of the following protections is not included in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

Right to privacy

Which of the following terms refers to the small group of respondents representing the opinions of the population in a public opinion poll?

Sample

The 5th Amendment to the Constitution protects against which of the following?

Self-incrimination

Compared to members of the other legislative chamber and the other two branches, which of the following statements about senators is most accurate?

Senators are selected in staggered classes a third at a time, because the Framers wanted stability in government.

On which of the following welfare programs does the U.S. spend the most money?

Social Security

Which of the following has the highest age requirements for office-holders?

The Presidency

Which of these statements most accurately describes the Connecticut Compromise?

States would be equally represented in the upper chamber of Congress and have representation by population in the lower chamber

According to Dahl, which of the following is the least democratic part of the government?

Supreme Court

Which part of the constitution prohibits the federal government from establishing a national religion?

The "establishment" clause

Which of the following employs the highest number of people?

The Cabinet Departments

Over which of the following parts of the federal bureaucracy does the president have the least authority?

The Federal Election Commission, an independent regulatory commission

Which of the following best describes the theory of rational ignorance?

The costs of acquiring political information outweigh the benefits

In a criminal case, who is the plaintiff?

The government

According to Dahl, which part of the federal government is the most democratic ?

The house of representatives

The number of Electoral College votes a state receives is equal to which of the following?

The number of its senators and representatives

Which of these powers was granted to Congress by the Articles of Confederation?

The power to declare war

Which of the following is not included in the president's military authority?

The president has the power to declare war against nations that attack the U.S.

Which of the following statements about impeachment is not true?

The president is the only official who can be impeached by Congress

Which of the following statements about vice presidents is not true?

The president must receive the vice president's approval before ordering a military strike

In the calculus of voting, what does p represent?

The probability that your vote determines the outcome of an election

Polling 4,000 NSU students to measure American attitudes on abortion is likely to be highly inaccurate for which of the following reasons?

The sample is not representative

Which of the following best describes the size of the federal bureaucracy?

The size of the federal bureaucracy has dramatically declined compared to the size of the federal bureaucracy during World War II and the Vietnam War.

Which of the following characteristics does the chair of a congressional committee usually possess?

They are a member of the majority party in their chamber of Congress

In political science, what does it mean to say political parties are responsible?

They make it easy for the public to assign blame

Which of the following is not an example of a potential corner of an iron triangle?

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

Which of the following best describes voting in local and state elections?

When state or local governments schedule their elections in odd years or in other months than federal elections, voter turnout is significantly lower

Devolution refers to...

delegating the implementation of federal programs to state and local governments.

All of the following are powers and duties of the president as set forth in the Constitution except the power to...

sponsor bills in Congress.

If no candidate for president receives a majority of votes in the electoral college, which of the following selects the president?

the house of representatives