Government Final

__________ rights are basic rights to which all humans are entitled.

Natural

Which is the most likely reason the framers of the Constitution did not tell the judicial branch how to interpret the document? A. They wanted the judicial branch to reach its own conclusions. B. They wanted the judicial branch to work with the executive branch. C. They wanted the judicial branch to work with the legislative branch. D. They wanted the judicial branch to change existing laws.

A. They wanted the judicial branch to reach its own conclusions.

The preamble to the Declaration of Independence outlines the principles upon which the new government would be based. Which of these best describes one of those principles? A. a government based on a social contract B. the end of taxation without representation C. the removal of the British military D. a need for equality regardless of race or gender

A. a government based on a social contract

Which of these is an expressed power of Congress? A. admitting new states B. creating a national banking system C. eliminating amendments to the Constitution D. determining what is cruel and unusual punishment

A. admitting new states

Accused persons have the right to request a witness to... A. appear in court. B. testify untruthfully. C. go into hiding. D. refuse to testify.

A. appear in court.

How did the philosophers of the Enlightenment view the relationship between government and the governed? A. as mutually beneficial B. as more beneficial to the government C. as more beneficial to the governed D. as balanced

A. as mutually beneficial

A qualification for president under Article II of the Constitution is... A. being born in the United States. B. being born in Washington DC. C. living for ten years in the United States. D. living for ten years in Washington DC.

A. being born in the United States.

Which type of governmental power does a unitary system hold? A. centralized power B. state power C. shared power D. local power

A. centralized power

The selection of federal judges by the executive branch is an example of... A. checks and balances. B. original jurisdiction. C. advice and consent. D. appellate jurisdiction.

A. checks and balances.

The Magna Carta established the rights of... A. citizens. B. neighboring countries. C. non-Christian believers. D. military officers.

A. citizens.

The basic freedoms that are guaranteed to Americans by the Constitution are called... A. civil liberties. B. rights of the accused. C. checks and balances. D. Miranda rights.

A. civil liberties.

What is the definition of "interstate commerce"? A. commerce between states B. commerce between state and federal governments C. commerce between steamboat operators D. commerce between different parts of the same state

A. commerce between states

Which term defines a power shared by state and federal governments? A. concurrent B. expressed C. implied D. reserved

A. concurrent

Which of these actions is forbidden by the Constitution? A. creating a law ex post facto B. borrowing money from the government C. passing "necessary and proper" laws D. regulating trade with foreign countries

A. creating a law ex post facto

What impact was affirmative action designed to have? A. creating quotas for minority admissions or hiring B. establishing multiple African Americans colleges C. requiring companies to only hire female executives D. mandating that universities eliminate all scholarship programs

A. creating quotas for minority admissions or hiring

A man is sentenced to five years in prison for walking across his neighbor's lawn. In this example, we can say that the punishment is... A. disproportionate to the crime. B. appropriate to the crime. C. not severe enough for the crime. D. along the lines of what the Founders had in mind.

A. disproportionate to the crime.

In a federal system of government, power is... A. divided between the national government and the states. B. held by one person who makes all the decisions. C. held by a central government that makes decisions. D. divided equally between all state governments.

A. divided between the national government and the states.

Read the two excerpts from Governor George Wallace's inaugural address. "As Thomas Jefferson said, "The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time; no King holds the right of liberty in his hands."" "The great write, Rudyard Kipling, wrote of theme, that: "There in the Southland of the United States of America, lives the greatest fighting breed of man... in all the world!"" What technique makes both excerpts effective? A. ethos B. logos C. pathos D. repetition

A. ethos

Read the excerpt from the Constitution of the United States, Article 1, Section 8. "[Congress shall have power] to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States. This excerpt reinforces the idea of... A. federal supremacy. B. implied powers. C. balance of powers. D. judicial review.

A. federal supremacy.

Which is the best definition of "supremacy"? A. highest authority B. limitless power C. superior judgement D. greater aptitude

A. highest authority

Which lists the steps involved in approving the Constitution in the correct order? A. i. The Constitution was sent to the states for a vote. ii. States voted on whether to approve the Constitution. iii. Nine of the thirteen original states had to approve it. iv. The Constitution became law. B. i. The Constitution was sent to Congress for a vote. ii. Congress voted on whether to approve the Constitution. iii. Two-thirds of Congressional representatives had to approve it. iv. The Constitution became law. C. i. The Constitution was sent to the states for a vote. ii. States voted on whether to approve the Constitution. iii. All of the original states had to approve it. iv. The Constitution became law. D. i. The Constitution was sent to Congress for a vote. ii. Congress voted on whether to approve the Constitution. iii. Three-fourths of Congressional representatives had to approve it. iv. The Constitution became law.

A. i. The Constitution was sent to the states for a vote. ii. States voted on whether to approve the Constitution. iii. Nine of the thirteen original states had to approve it. iv. The Constitution became law.

A main purpose of the president's State of the Union address is to... A. identify major policy issues. B. explain Supreme Court decisions. C. challenge congressional actions. D. speak out against political opponents.

A. identify major policy issues.

What were affirmative action programs originally designed to encourage? A. increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses B. beginning the process of desegregation in schools C. establishing complete equality in admissions and hiring practices D. ending separation based on race in housing

A. increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses

A result of the amendment process is that... A. it requires Congress and the states to work together. B. it requires Congress and the states to work separately. C. it requires Congress and the states to recognize people's rights. D. it forces Congress and the states to respect legal records.

A. it requires Congress and the states to work together.

Locke argued that all humans are born with what natural rights? A. life, liberty, property B. life, cooperation, liberty C. opportunity, property, support D. opportunity, support, cooperation

A. life, liberty, property

The Constitution gives Congress the power to create federal courts... A. lower than the Supreme Court. B. higher than the Supreme Court. C. equal to the Supreme Court. D. unaffected by the Supreme Court.

A. lower than the Supreme Court.

The preamble begins with "We the People of the United States," which establishes the idea of... A. popular sovereignty. B. judicial review. C. checks and balances. D. separation of powers.

A. popular sovereignty.

The Constitution's creation of a national government with separation of powers... A. prevents the national government from being controlled by one branch. B. eliminates overlapping or repetitive government powers among the branches. C. reduces government powers among all branches and gives them to the states. D. replaces stronger branch powers with weaker powers and grants more power to voters.

A. prevents the national government from being controlled by one branch.

The sixth and eighth amendments reflect the purpose of the Bill of Rights to... A. protect the rights of citizens. B. describe the separation of powers. C. assert the authority of the federal government. D. outline the federal system.

A. protect the rights of citizens.

Key privileges included in both the English Bill of Rights and the US Bill of Rights include... A. protection against unusual punishment and the right to trial by jury. B. the rights to bear arms and to enact legislation after debate. C. the rights to equal taxation and to trial by jury. D. protection against unusual punishment and the right to suspend laws.

A. protection against unusual punishment and the right to trial by jury.

The Constitution regulates government powers by... A. providing guides and limits to the government's power. B. providing and undivided government power structure. C. providing a weakened central government structure. D. providing a majority of power to state governments.

A. providing guides and limits to the government's power.

Read the quote from the Supreme Court's decision in Brown vs. Board of Education. "We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Compared with the decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson, this opinion... A. refutes the doctrine of "separate but equal." B. supports the doctrine of "separate but equal." C. recommends affirmative action measures. D. upholds the right to legislative segregation.

A. refutes the doctrine of "separate but equal."

Which rights were granted to many citizens in the English Bill of Rights? Choose all that apply. A. right to trial by jury B. right to suspend laws C. protection and equal rights for all religions D. protection from cruel and unusual punishment E. right to bear arms

A. right to trial by jury D. protection from cruel and unusual punishment E. right to bear arms

The English Bill of Rights declared that each member of Parliament had the right to... A. speak freely. B. refuse to pay taxes. C. disobey laws. D. serve as king.

A. speak freely.

Expressed powers are those that are... A. specifically granted in the Constitution. B. held by both the federal government and the states. C. considered the basis for the "necessary and proper" clause. D. inferior compared to powers directly given by Congress.

A. specifically granted in the Constitution.

A charter is a written document that... A. states the conditions of an agreement. B. describes the separation of powers in diagram form. C. lists the items for sale in a shop. D. describes, in Latin, which laws should be followed.

A. states the conditions of an agreement.

In which section of the Declaration of Independence is the purpose of government described? A. the Preamble B. the body C. the conclusion D. the grievances

A. the Preamble

The sources of powers reserved to the states are specifically outlined in... A. the Tenth Amendment. B. the Supremacy Clause. C. Article I D. state constitutions.

A. the Tenth Amendment.

Which factors contributed to the beginning of the Enlightenment movement? Choose all that apply. A. the age of science and scientific inquiry B. the revival of religious belief and study C. the age of reason-based inquiry D. the advancement in all areas of human interest E. the resurgence of past ideas and principles

A. the age of science and scientific inquiry C. the age of reason-based inquiry D. the advancement in all areas of human interest

Supreme Court justices are appointed by... A. the president. B. the vice president. C. the House. D. the Senate.

A. the president.

Read the excerpt from Marbury vs. Madison below. "If two laws conflict with each other, the Court must decide on the operation of each... [T]he Constitution... must govern the case to which they both apply." The excerpt describes... A. the principle of judicial review. B. the balance of power between branches. C. the system of checks and balances. D. the limitations of the Supreme Court's power.

A. the principle of judicial review.

Ratification is best defined as... A. the process of approving the Constitution. B. the process of supporting the Constitution. C. the process of writing the Constitution. D. the process of interpreting the Constitution.

A. the process of approving the Constitution.

The first step in approving the Constitution involved sending it to... A. the states. B. Congress. C. the judicial branch. D. the executive branch.

A. the states.

Read the passage. "The regular distribution of power into distinct departments... the representation of the people in the legislature by deputies of their own election: these are... powerful means, by which the excellences of republican government may be retained." Whose viewpoint does this excerpt reflect? A. the viewpoint of those who supported the Constitution B. the viewpoint of those who supported a bill of rights C. the viewpoint of those who supported the Anti-Federalists D. the viewpoint of those who supported more power for states

A. the viewpoint of those who supported the Constitution

The president vetoes a bill proposed to become law by Congress. In this situation, what is the purpose of this power? A. to limit the power of the legislative branch B. to replace the power of the legislative branch C. to strengthen the power of the legislative branch D. to remove the power of the legislative branch

A. to limit the power of the legislative branch

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the purpose of government control over citizens? A. to provide safety and security B. to erase natural human tendencies C. to create a balanced society D. to overcome corruption

A. to provide safety and security

Who was involved in the case of Gibbons vs. Ogden? A. two competing owners of steamboat companies B. a steamboat owner and the federal government C. to steamboat owners who didn't want to pay federal taxes D. two steamboat owners who argued with federal law

A. two competing owners of steamboat companies

According to the precedent, Santa Fe School District vs. Doe, a teacher who allows a student to lead a prayer at a high school baseball game would most likely be ruled... A. unconstitutional, because the game is affiliated with the school. B. unconstitutional, because a church didn't authorize the prayer. C. constitutional, because students have the rights to practice religion. D. constitutional, because people pay taxes and fund the public schools.

A. unconstitutional, because the game is affiliated with the school.

The Judiciary Act of 1789 gave powers to the judicial branch that went beyond what the Constitution outlined. Because of this, the act... A. was ruled unconstitutional. B. was an example of original jurisdiction. C. led to an amendment to the Constitution. D. overruled the Supreme Court.

A. was ruled unconstitutional.

The Magna Carta was presented to King John in 1215 because people... A. were tired of his tyrannical rule. B. wanted him to declare war on France. C. wanted to praise him for his good deeds. D. were afraid he was too weak a ruler.

A. were tired of his tyrannical rule.

A limitation on the president's power to appoint ambassadors is that... A.the Senate must approve them. B. the House must approve them. C. the House and Senate must approve them. D. the Supreme Court must approve them.

A.the Senate must approve them.

The exclusionary rule states that if evidence is found during an illegal search, it... A. must be destroyed immediately. B. cannot be admitted as evidence in court. C. can be admitted into court anyway. D. cannot be admitted into court unlessa judge agrees.

B. cannot be admitted as evidence in court.

The Fifth Amendment protects citizens against self-incrimination, which means that citizens... A. are probably guilty on all counts. B. cannot be forced to testify against themselves. C. can ask the judge to issue a warrant. D. have been denied due process.

B. cannot be forced to testify against themselves.

The Declaration of Independence refers to rights as being unalienable. What does "unalienable" mean? A. not foreign B. cannot be surrendered C. inherent D. compatible

B. cannot be surrendered

In Duckworth vs. Eagan (1988), the Supreme Court held that the police... A. had been to harshly burdened by the Miranda decision and no longer had to follow it. B. could create their own Miranda warning if it communicated the same message. C. did not need to read the Miranda warning if they considered a suspect to be dangerous. D. could create ant warning they chose so long as they got a conviction.

B. could create their own Miranda warning if it communicated the same message.

The first two sections of Article IV of the Constitution focus on relationships between... A. US government agencies. B. different US states. C. branches of US government. D. the Senate and the House.

B. different US states.

Which action would be considered an act of civil disobedience? A. rioting, which causes damage to private and government property B. engaging in a sit-in, in which African Americans stay at a segregated business C. looting, which results in the theft of property from private businesses D. boycotting, in which people choose not to purchase goods from businesses

B. engaging in a sit-in, in which African Americans stay at a segregated business

An inference that can be drawn from the Supremacy Clause is that... A. state laws are superior to federal laws. B. federal laws are superior to state laws. C. judges do not have to follow federal laws. D. judges have to follow state laws.

B. federal laws are superior to state laws.

The division and sharing of power between state and national governments is the principle of... A. checks and balances. B. federalism. C. branching. D. popular sovereignty.

B. federalism.

Read the quote by Baron de Montesquieu. "When the legislative branch and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner." According to the quote, __________ is lost if one person has too much power A. unity B. freedom C. tyranny

B. freedom

In a unitary system of government, power is... A. held by state governments. B. held by a central government. C. held by a single person. D. held by a group of people.

B. held by a central government.

The framers of the US Constitution wrote the Preamble to... A. establish the sovereignty of individual states. B. introduce the core ideas of the new government. C. define the roles of domestic and foreign policies. D. enforce the powers o the confederation government.

B. introduce the core ideas of the new government.

A warrant, which specifies the location that can be searched and exactly what can be legally seized, must be issued by a... A. police officer. B. judge. C. mayor. D. religious leader.

B. judge.

Common law follows the past rulings of... A. King John. B. judges. C. lawyers. D. William Blackstone.

B. judges.

People who make judgements in lower federal courts are called... A. justices, B. judges. C. officers. D. lawyers.

B. judges.

The power to create laws and to regulate taxes and commerce belong to which branch of government? A. executive B. legislative C. federal D. judicial

B. legislative

The Magna Carta led to the creation of Parliament, England's... A. executive branch. B. legislative branch. C. royal branch. D. judicial branch.

B. legislative branch.

In Furman vs. Georgia (1972), William Furman appealed his death sentence for... A. domestic violence. B. murder. C. drunk driving. D. assault.

B. murder.

In terms of jurisdiction, the Supreme Court has... A. executive and appellate. B. original and appellate. C. legislative and original. D. original and executive.

B. original and appellate.

If a person has a right that is stated in the Constitution, that person has... A. only those limited rights. B. other rights that are not mentioned. C. more rights than the average person. D. some rights that should be confirmed by law.

B. other rights that are not mentioned.

Common law refers to laws determined through... A. due process. B. precedent. C. the rule of law. D. the separation of powers.

B. precedent.

Which powers are given directly to the people or the states? A. implied B. reserved C. concurrent D. expressed

B. reserved

What rights are specifically protected under the Ninth Amendment? A. most basic safety and security rights B. rights unlisted in the Constitution C. freedom of expression rights D. rights listed in the Bill of Rights

B. rights unlisted in the Constitution

The Declaration of Independence is considered the first formal assertion by a people of their right to... A. revolution. B. self-government. C. liberty. D. vote.

B. self-government.

What event prompted the formation of the First Continental Congress? A. the Boston Massacre B. the Boston Tea Party C. the battles of Lexington and Concord D. the publication of Thomas Paine's Common Sense

B. the Boston Tea Party

Anti-Federalists argued that... A. branches of government would keep each other in balance. B. the Constitution would make states less powerful. C. the Constitution would create a Republican government. D. a Republic should protect people from the government and from each other.

B. the Constitution would make states less powerful.

Read the excerpt from the Publius. "In republican government, the [lawmaking] authority necessarily [has the most power]. The remedy for this... is to divide the legislature into different branches; and to render them... as little connected with each other [as possible]. -Publius Which idea does this excerpt support? A. the Anti-Federalist idea that dividing the government into branches will not stop abuses of power B. the Federalist idea that lawmaking power should be divided among the different branches of government C. the Anti-Federalist ideas that lawmaking should be a matter for state, not the federal government D. the Federalist idea that branches of government should overlap so they can check on each other's activities

B. the Federalist idea that lawmaking power should be divided among the different branches of government

According to the Constitution, the judicial branch of the federal government is headed by... A. Congress B. the Supreme Court C. the president D. the cabinet

B. the Supreme Court

Appellate jurisdiction refers to... A. the Supreme Court's authority to hear a case for the first time. B. the Supreme Court's authority to hear a case from a lower court. C. a lower court's authority to hear a case from the executive branch. D. a lower court's authority to hear a case from the legislative branch.

B. the Supreme Court's authority to hear a case from a lower court.

Read the excerpt from Martin Luther King Jr.'s "The American Dream" speech. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness." Now read the excerpt from Governor George Wallace's inaugural address. "We invite the negro citizens of Alabama to work with us from his separate racial station... as we will work with him... to develop, to grow in individual freedom and enrichment." The excerpts conflict because... A. the first suggests that life, liberty, and happiness are basic rights, while the second suggests that freedom is the only basic right. B. the first suggests that all are born with equal rights, while the second suggests that certain citizens need to be separated in order to become equal. C. the second suggests that black citizens enjoy working with white citizens, while the first suggests that black citizens cannot work with white citizens. D. the second suggest that it is a racial group's own responsibility to improve itself, while the first suggests that this idea is a proven fact.

B. the first suggests that all are born with equal rights, while the second suggests that certain citizens need to be separated in order to become equal.

Which individual freedom is protected under the Constitution? A. the freedom to tell lies that damage another person's reputation B. the freedom to assemble together for peaceful meetings C. the freedom from having property taken lawfully D. the freedom from being arrested lawfully

B. the freedom to assemble together for peaceful meetings

In the term "due process," the word "process" refers to the way in which... A. prison sentences are handed down. B. the law is followed in trying a case. C. court decisions are worded. D. warrants are written and used.

B. the law is followed in trying a case.

What did the philosophers of the Enlightenment seek to understand? A. the natural rights behind religion's continued power B. the natural rights governing human behavior and society C. the natural rights that gave leaders absolute power D. the natural rights that governed the physical universe

B. the natural rights governing human behavior and society

The Declaration of Independence intended to end British rule in the colonies, and grant citizens A. the right to freedom of speech B. the right to self-govern C. the ability to live without a government D. the ability to vote for a president

B. the right to self-govern

Under Article II of the Constitution, what age must someone be in order to run for president of the United States? A. twenty-five years old. B. thirty-five years old. C. forty-five years old. D. fifty-five years old.

B. thirty-five years old.

What is the purpose of the establishment clause? A. to give citizens the right to form religious groups B. to stop government from supporting one religion C. to give government power to choose a state religion D. to stop citizens from practicing religion in public

B. to stop government from supporting one religion

During criminal cases, what is guaranteed by the Constitution? A. media coverage B. trial by jury C. an experienced lawyer D. a panel of justices

B. trial by jury

An unanswered constitutional question about the judicial branch involves... A. who should approve judges and justices. B. what "good behavior" means, with regard to judicial terms. C. how a Supreme Court is created. D. who should appoint judges and justices.

B. what "good behavior" means, with regard to judicial terms.

Which heading best fits in the empty space below? English Influences on America Government: Limited Government, Rights for Citizens, __________ A. Religion B. Protest Movements C. Common Law D. Judges

C. Common Law

By ruling in James McCulloch's favor in McCulloch vs. Maryland, the Supreme Court agreed that... A. Congress should not be involved in creating banks. B. McCulloch could continue to pay state, not federal, taxes. C. Congress had the power to create a federal bank. D. McCulloch could run a state bank under federal laws.

C. Congress had the power to create a federal bank.

Which statement summarizes the Enslaved Person Clause? A. Enslaved persons who escape must be given constitutional rights. B. Enslaved person who escape must be given equal protection. C. Enslaved person who escape must be returned to their home states. D. Enslaves persons who escape must be granted their freedom.

C. Enslaved person who escape must be returned to their home states.

Which best summarizes the social contract outlined in the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence? A. Government has the power to protect natural rights, but states must also protect their rights. B. Government has the power to protect natural rights, but people must also protect their rights C. Government has the power to protect natural rights, but people can change their government if it fails to do so. D. Government has the power to protect natural rights, bu states can challenge the government if it fails to do so.

C. Government has the power to protect natural rights, but people can change their government if it fails to do so.

Which best describes Patrick Henry? A. He agreed with Alexander Hamilton and opposed the Constitution. B. He was a Federalist and opposed the Constitution. C. He was an Anti-Federalist and opposed the Constitution. D. He disagreed with Alexander Hamilton and favored the Constitution.

C. He was an Anti-Federalist and opposed the Constitution.

When the police arrest someone today, they must follow certain agreed-upon procedures. They are said to be following... A. the rule of law. B. the separation of powers. C. due process. D. the legislative branch.

C. due process.

The concept of checks and balances ensures that... A. each branch of government does not have power over the others. B. only one branch of government maintains power over the others. C. each branch of government has the ability to limit the power of the others. D. no branch of government has a seperate power from the others.

C. each branch of government has the ability to limit the power of the others.

In Furman vs. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court ruled in William Furman's favor, saying that Georgia had... A. denied Furman the right to be represented by counsel. B. violated Furman's right to a quick and speedy trial. C. established unclear standards for applying the death penalty. D. exceeded the annual quota of death penalties it could impose.

C. established unclear standards for applying the death penalty.

The US system of federalism is based on... A. the Supremacy Clause. B. financial and military powers. C. federal- and state-level powers. D. the Bill of Rights and amendments.

C. federal- and state-level powers.

Which key idea in the Constitution creates a division of power between national and state governments? A. habeas corpus B. individual rights C. federalism D. republicanism

C. federalism

The decision in Gibbons vs. Ogden most likely resulted in... A. more cases about state versus federal licenses. B. fewer applications for steamboat license in New York. C. fewer disputes about state monopolies. D. more challenges to federal supremacy.

C. fewer disputes about state monopolies.

John Locke helped develop the idea of a social contract between citizens and the... A. monarchy. B. church. C. government. D. philosophers.

C. government.

According to Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, each representative must... A. have resided in the United States for one's entire life. B. be a citizen in one of the 50 American states. C. have reached a minimum age of 25 years old. D. have earned a four-year degree from an accredited university.

C. have reached a minimum age of 25 years old.

What did philosophers of the Enlightenment have faith in, believing it could answer questions and solve problems? A. science B. economics C. human reason D. government authority

C. human reason

The purpose of the preamble of the Constitution is to... A. establish and maintain the sovereignty of individual states. B. describe and enforce the powers of the confederal government. C. introduce and explain the core ideas of the government's important principles. D. define and distinguish the roles of domestic and foreign policies.

C. introduce and explain the core ideas of the government's important principles.

In a parliamentary system of representative democracy, the prime minister... A. is appointed by the monarch. B. is elected by representatives chosen by the people. C. is the leader of the party that won the most seats in parliament. D. is elected directly by the people.

C. is the leader of the party that won the most seats in parliament.

Which government decision would best be handled at the state level? A. establishing trade with foreign countries B. allocating funding to troops C. issuing driver's license D. printing new currency and metal coins

C. issuing driver's license

To which branch of government does the power to interpret laws and apply the Constitution to the law belong? A. federal B. executive C. judicial D. legislative

C. judicial

The Magna Carta placed clear limits on the power of the... A. citizens. B. army. C. king. D. Church.

C. king.

The idea of government is not above the law is an example of... A. rule of law. B. federalism. C. limited government. D. guaranteed rights.

C. limited government.

The idea that government is not above the law is an example of... A. rule of law. B. federalism. C. limited government. D. guaranteed rights.

C. limited government.

Read this quote from Article I of the Constitution. "Congress shall have power . . . [t]o make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers." Which part of this quote is the basis for implied powers? A. have power B. all Laws C. necessary and proper D. foregoing powers

C. necessary and proper

How many states had to vote for the Constitution to approve it? A. eleven of thirteen B. three-fourths C. nine of thirteen D. all thirteen

C. nine of thirteen

Which act could be considered an acceptance of the social contract? A. paying the electric bill in exchange for using electricity B. viewing commercials in exchange for watching network news broadcasts C. observing traffic laws in exchange for driving on the highway D. paying the water bill in exchange for taking a shower

C. observing traffic laws in exchange for driving on the highway

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 demonstrated that Parliament had... A. less power that never before. B. the right to declare war. C. power over the english monarchy. D. the right to strengthen the power of the monarchy.

C. power over the english monarchy.

The House and Senate can only pass amendments to the Constitution if... A. the amendment receives a majority vote. B. the president supports them. C. the amendment receives a two-thirds vote. D. the judiciary branch supports them.

C. the amendment receives a two-thirds vote.

Which part of the Declaration of Independence acts as an implied plan of action, in that it lists laws and practices to be changed? A. the introduction B. the Preamble C. the body D. the conclusion

C. the body

Read this passage from the English Bill of Rights. "That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal." This passage from the English Bill of Rights led to the protection of which right? A. the freedom to bear arms B. the right to pass taxes C. the freedom of speech D. the right to vote

C. the freedom of speech

Read the excerpt from Martin Luther King Jr.'s "The American Dream" speech. "In a real sense, we must all learn to live together as brothers, or we will all perish together as fools." Now read the excerpt from the Governor George Wallace statement. "The true brotherhood of American, of respecting the separateness of others... and uniting in effort... has been so twisted and distorted from its original concept..." What technique makes the two excerpts effective? A. the use of credibility B. the appeal to emotion C. the use of counterclaims D. the appeal to ethics

C. the use of counterclaims

The Fourth Amendment implies privacy because it protects the right... A. to own property. B. to have personal items. C. to be secure in one's home. D. to make one's own decisions.

C. to be secure in one's home.

What is the primary purpose of the Supremacy Clause? A. to outlines why some powers must be implied rather than detailed B. to explain why state and federal powers are always kept equal C. to describe the relationship between federal and state powers D. to declare to American citizens the US is the supreme ruler

C. to describe the relationship between federal and state powers

Compared with the executive and legislative branches, the main purpose of the judicial branch is... A. to make laws. B. to execute laws. C. to interpret laws. D. to overrule laws.

C. to interpret laws.

In the case Roe vs. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that state laws... A. were protected by federal laws. B. were protected by the Ninth Amendment. C. violated the right to privacy. D. violated the Second Amendment.

C. violated the right to privacy.

As the colonies moved toward independence, the First Continental Congress was created in... A. 1760. B. 1768. C. 1773. D. 1774.

D. 1774.

Which of these statements best describes double jeopardy? A. A citizen cannot be indicted before being tried for a serious crime. B. A citizen cannot be forced to testify to a crime. C. A citizen cannot be forced to testify for more than one day in court. D. A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.

D. A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.

Which is an example of federal supremacy? A. State banks must pay taxes to the more powerful federal government. B. The Supreme Court can decide whether a law or act is constitutional. C. Congress has powers that are not specifically outlined in the Constitution. D. A state is not allowed to tax federal money because federal law is superior.

D. A state is not allowed to tax federal money because federal law is superior.

Which explains a difference between an original case and appellate case that the Supreme Court hears? A. An original case has been heard by a lower court, while an appellate case has not. B. An original case involves the executive branch, while an appellate case does not. C. An appellate case involves the legislative branch, while an original case does not. D. An appellate case has been heard by a lower court, while an original case has not.

D. An appellate case has been heard by a lower court, while an original case has not.

How are the Griswold vs. Connecticut and Roe vs. Wade cases similar? A. Both were based on the Fifth Amendment. B. Both were decided by the same justices. C. Both were challenging enumerated rights. D. Both challenged the constitutionality of state laws.

D. Both challenged the constitutionality of state laws.

Which statement about communism is the most accurate? A. Communism allows citizens to own property. B. Communism gives control to multiple branches. C. Communism allows citizens to elect leaders. D. Communism gives control to party leaders.

D. Communism gives control to party leaders.

Why did Allan Bakke file a lawsuit? A. His medical test application was incorrectly scored. B. He was an advocate of affirmative action. C. His test scores were lower than minority students. D. He felt he was denied admission to school based on race.

D. He felt he was denied admission to school based on race.

Which had the greatest influence in prompting the Second Continental Congress to declare independence? A. the battles of Lexington and Concord B. King George III's rejection of peaceful reconciliation C. financial support from France and Spain D. increased open public support for independence

D. increased open public support for independence

An implied power is one that... A. is clearly outlined in the Constitution. B. gives the Supreme Court power to revise the Constitution. C. overrules the owrding of the Constitution. D. is suggested by the Constitution, but not specifically states.

D. is suggested by the Constitution, but not specifically states.

During the State of the Union address, the president is required to report to... A. the Supreme Court. B. the vice president. C. governors in all fifty states. D. members of Congress.

D. members of Congress.

In a unitary system of government, local offices... A. have equal power with the central government. B. elect representatives to the central government. C. can veto decision made by the central government. D. must follow decisions made by the central government.

D. must follow decisions made by the central government.

John Locke believed humans are... A. easily molded by authority. B. instinctual and violent. C. good but corrupted by society. D. naturally reasonable.

D. naturally reasonable.

Before McCulloch vs. Maryland went to court, the state of Maryland... A. argued that James McCulloch must pay federal taxes. B. created the first federal bank in the state. C. said that only state banks were allowed within Maryland's borders. D. passed a law that required federal banks to pay state taxes.

D. passed a law that required federal banks to pay state taxes.

According to the Constitution, the right of freedom of religion supports... A. practicing religions that are national and official. B. practicing religions approved by the government. C. practicing religions only in private settings. D. practicing any religions that once chooses, or none at all.

D. practicing any religions that once chooses, or none at all.

Which example describes natural rights? A. rights that are given under specific circumstances B. rights that are granted to only certain citizens C. rights that can be restricted by government D. rights that should be protected by the government

D. rights that should be protected by the government

What is the last step in the process of getting a bill passed into law? A. reviewing it in committee B. sending it to the other house C. approving it by a vote D. sending it to the president

D. sending it to the president

Which example violates the free-exercise Clause? A. allowing a private company to run weekly prayer sessions B. allowing a student to wear religious clothing C. stopping a religious group from praying in a public park D. stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith

D. stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith

Which amendment protects unenumerated rights such as voting rights? A. the First Amendment B. the Fourth Amendment C. the Fifth Amendment D. the Ninth Amendment

D. the Ninth Amendment

What must occur after the president negotiates a treaty? A. the President must raise funds to enact the treaty B. the House of Representatives must approve the treaty C. the Supreme Court must rule on the treaty D. the Senate must approve the treaty

D. the Senate must approve the treaty

The final authority on legal questions in the United States is... A. the president. B. the vice president. C. the Senate. D. the Supreme Court.

D. the Supreme Court.

Powers shared by the federal government and state governments are known as __________ .

concurrent powers

In a __________ government, states function independently of one another.

confederal

The Necessary and Proper Clause in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress __________ powers.

implied

Read the quote from Immanuel Kant. "Have the bravery to use your own reason! - that sums up the meaning of enlightenment." According the quote , the Enlightenment encourages people to __________ for themselves.

think

Under the Constitution, the judicial branch must try criminal cases with a __________ of one's peers.

jury

The Enlightenment was an age of inquiry based on __________ , not religion.

reason

The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution protects citizens' __________ rights.

search and seizure

Which quotation from the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence supports the idea that the United States is based on a social contract? A. "Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." B. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." C. "Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes." D. [T]hey are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

A. "Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."

Which scenario is allowed under the free-exercise clause? A. A parent leads a prayer in a public park. B. A teacher give out crosses at school. C. A doctor charges religious patients less money. D. A worker places a menorah in the lobby at city hall.

A. A parent leads a prayer in a public park.

Which statement best explains the Privileges and Immunities clause of Article IV of the Constitution? A. All Americans have the same basic rights, no matter what state they live in or travel to. B. States have the ability to create their own Bills of Rights that applies only to their citizens. C. If a citizen of one state travels to another state, they are only expected to follow the laws of the home state. D. States have the right to apply laws differently to citizens of different states.

A. All Americans have the same basic rights, no matter what state they live in or travel to.

In McCulloch vs. Maryland, what did the State of Maryland argue? A. Banks cannot be created by Congress. B. States can determine which institutions within its borders must pay taxes. C. A federal bank must pay taxes to the state in which it is located. D. Banks may only be created by Congress, not by individuals.

A. Banks cannot be created by Congress.

Chief Justice Earl Warren states, "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." What did the use of "inherently" imply about segregation? A. By its very definition, it cannot be equal. B. It is an integral part of American society. C. Based on its meaning, separation is a natural inclination. D. It was intended to be a state right, not a national mandate.

A. By its very definition, it cannot be equal.

What is the main way a representative democracy differs from a direct democracy? A. Citizens elect leaders who vote on the issues in a representative democracy, and citizens vote on the issues in a direct democracy. B. A representative democracy is modern, and a direct democracy is ancient. C. A representative democracy works better in small groups, and a direct democracy works better in large groups. D. Citizens' desires are ignored in a representative democracy, and citizens' desires have a better chance of being heard in a direct democracy.

A. Citizens elect leaders who vote on the issues in a representative democracy, and citizens vote on the issues in a direct democracy.

What did Anti-Federalists fear would happen if the Constitution became law? A. Congress would have too much power over states. B. States would have too much freedom to make their own laws. C. Congress and states would have equal power. D. States would control which laws Congress made.

A. Congress would have too much power over states.

Read the quotation from the Declaration of Independence. "For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury." Which legal change after the American Revolution most likely resulted from this grievance? A. Due process of law was implemented. B. A new legal system was founded. C. The court system was established. D. All colonial court cases were retried.

A. Due process of law was implemented.

Why did Thomas Paine question British authority to rule the colonies in Common Sense? A. He believed the king would only approve laws that benefited Britain. B. He believed Parliament did not understand the needs of the American people. C. He believe British laws could not be enforced from a distance. D. He believed the size of the colonies made them impossible for Britain to rule.

A. He believed the king would only approve laws that benefited Britain.

In an autocracy, what kind of power does the leader hold? A. He holds all the power. B. He holds limited power as an appointee. C. He is one of a group that holds power. D. He is only a figurehead.

A. He holds all the power.

In the case Marbury vs. Madison, what was William Marbury's appointment? A. He was appointed as a federal judge. B. He was appointed secretary of state. C. He was appointed as a state judge. D. He was appointed to serve on the Supreme Court.

A. He was appointed as a federal judge.

John Locke thought people were neither good nor bad naturally. How did Hobbes's views differ from Locke's? A. Hobbes thought people were naturally violent. B. Hobbes thought people were naturally kind. C. Hobbes thoughts people were naturally peaceful. D. Hobbes thought people were naturally evil.

A. Hobbes thought people were naturally violent.

Why did William Marbury most likely support the Judiciary Act of 1789? A. It allowed Marbury to take his case to the Supreme Court. B. It overruled James Madison and confirmed Marbury's appointment. C. It said that James Madison's actions were unconstitutional. D. It limited the Constitution's power to affect Marbury's case.

A. It allowed Marbury to take his case to the Supreme Court.

What statement about the Necessary and Proper Clause is accurate? A. It is the source of implied powers. B. It is written so as not to be open to debate. C. It specifically refers to both financial and military powers. D. It specifically reserves powers to other branches.

A. It is the source of implied powers.

Read Governor George Wallace's statement. "...and we, together, can give courageous leadership to millions of people throughout this nation who look to the South for their hope in this fight to win and preserve our freedoms and liberties." What makes this statement effective? A. It makes an appeal to emotion. B. It quotes another historical figure. C. It includes the use of repetition. D. It is a counterclaim that disproves facts.

A. It makes an appeal to emotion.

How did the ruling in Plessy vs. Ferguson affect the legalities of segregation? A. It set "separate but equal" as a legal precedent. B. It implemented desegregation legislation. C. It determined that separation based on race can never be equal. D. It discouraged people from continued protests.

A. It set "separate but equal" as a legal precedent.

A school district in California held its graduation at a local church. Which statement best explains whether this action violated the establishment clause, and why? A. It violated the establishment clause because it held a school function at a denominational church, which demonstrates support for a specific religion. B. It violated the establishment clause because the school needs to show support for all religions and have events at a variety of local religious locations. C. It did not violate the establishment clause because the school was not promoting religion, the location was. D. It did not violate the establishment clause because the school does not force people to attend graduation.

A. It violated the establishment clause because it held a school function at a denominational church, which demonstrates support for a specific religion.

Which best describes the purpose of the Second Continental Congress? A. It was the group of leaders who worked to create the Declaration of Independence. B. It was the group of citizens who protested taxation without representation. C. It was the group of treasonous British soldiers who inhibited Britain's ability to collect taxes. D. It was the group of colonists who planted the seeds for the development of the Continental army.

A. It was the group of leaders who worked to create the Declaration of Independence.

Why has the House of Representatives grown so much faster than the Senate? A. Representation is based on population, and the US has grown steadily. B. The number of senators allowed per state has been routinely reduced. C. Fewer and fewer representatives have been re-elected to additional terms. D. The Constitution requires the number of representatives to increase each decade.

A. Representation is based on population, and the US has grown steadily.

Which of these statements was implied by the decision in Brown vs. Board of Education? A. Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority. B. Segregation often led to relatively equal opportunities. C. Segregation increased levels of personal determination. D. Segregation was the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment.

A. Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority.

Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. -Constitution of the United States, Article IV, Section 1 Which best explains the Full Faith and Credit clause within Article IV? A. States must recognize all legal documents issued by another state, such as a driver's license. B. States must recognize the fundamental rights granted to all citizens, such as those protected by the federal government. C. States are limited in the types of records that can be created, for instance States cannot issue marriage licenses. D. States are granted permission to complete judicial proceedings and change acts created by federal branches of government, such as the Senate.

A. States must recognize all legal documents issued by another state, such as a driver's license.

Why were the Articles of Confederation replaced with the Constitution? A. The Articles of Confederation did not give strong power to the federal government. B. The Articles of Confederation did not create a governmental structure for the states. C. The Articles of Confederation did not provide powers for strong individual state governments. D. The Articles of Confederation did not allow the federal government to deal with foreign countries.

A. The Articles of Confederation did not give strong power to the federal government.

Which best describes how the Electoral College affects the executive branch? A. The Electoral College chooses the president and vice president. B. The Electoral College chooses the vice president and the cabinet. C. The Electoral College chooses the president and the cabinet. D. The Electoral College chooses the president and some cabinet members.

A. The Electoral College chooses the president and vice president.

Which is a true statement about the Full Faith and Credit Clause? A. The Full Faith and Credit Clause deals with legal proceedings between states. B. The Full Faith and Credit Clause deals with enslaved persons in different states. C. The Full Faith and Credit Clause deals with equal protection for citizens. D. The Full Faith and Credit Clause deals with constitutional rights for citizens.

A. The Full Faith and Credit Clause deals with legal proceedings between states.

Which best explains how the Supremacy Clause is connected to federalism? A. The Supremacy Clause establishes that the federal government has more power than state governments. B. The Supremacy Clause establishes that the state governments have more power than the federal government. C. The Supremacy Clause forces the federal government and state governments to share power equally. D. The Supremacy Clause forces the federal government and state governments to fight for power.

A. The Supremacy Clause establishes that the federal government has more power than state governments.

Which statement best explains why Article III of the Constitution gives Congress the ability to create lower courts inferior to the Supreme Court "from time to time"? A. The framers of the Constitution believes that as the country grew, more courts would be needed to meet its needs. B. The framers of the Constitution believed that as courts made unpopular decisions, they would need to be replaced. C. The framers of the Constitution wanted to ensure that Congress always had more power than the courts. D. The framers of the Constitution wanted to ensure that new courts were always being created so new judges could be appointed.

A. The framers of the Constitution believes that as the country grew, more courts would be needed to meet its needs.

Which of these steps in the lawmaking process might happen after a bill is sent to the president? A. The president can veto the bill. B. The president can send it to committee. C. The president can ask the house to debate it. D. The president can send it to the other house.

A. The president can veto the bill.

Which statement best describes how the structure of the judicial branch affects its interpretation of the Constitution? A. The system of federal courts and a Supreme Court may give the judicial branch multiple opportunities to interpret the Constitution. B. They system of federal courts and a Supreme Court give the judicial branch only one opportunity to interpret the Constitution. C. The system of federal courts and a Supreme Court force the judicial branch to answer to the executive branch. D. The system of federal courts and a Supreme Court force the judicial branch to answer to the legislative branch.

A. The system of federal courts and a Supreme Court may give the judicial branch multiple opportunities to interpret the Constitution.

How does a writ of habeas corpus safeguard individual freedom? A. by stopping arrest and detention B. by allowing the accused to request a trial by jury C. by providing a defense for committing a crime D. by providing a way to avoid sentencing at trial

B. by allowing the accused to request a trial by jury

What factor do Plessy vs. Ferguson, Brown vs. Board of Education, and Regents of California vs. Bakke have in common? A. All three cases improved civil rights for minorities. B. All three cases went to the Supreme Court for ruling. C. All three cases ruled in favor of the individual. D. All three cases took place in the twentieth century.

B. All three cases went to the Supreme Court for ruling.

Which accurately describes what Plessy vs. Ferguson and Brown vs. Board of Education had in common? A. Both cases involved protecting the right to engage in civil disobedience. B. Both cases involved striking down state segregation laws. C. Both cases involved affirmative action. D. Both cases involved interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment.

B. Both cases involved striking down state segregation laws.

What was the impact of the Griswold vs. Connecticut ruling? A. Couples were required to keep marriage vows private. B. Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private. C. Couples were expected to obey state law regarding marriage. D. Couples were encouraged to regard their marriage as sacred.

B. Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private.

In addition to the Privileges and Immunities Clause, Article IV, Section 2 includes the... A. Advice and Consent Clause. B. Enslaved Persons Clause. C. Federal Approval Clause. D. State Approval Clause.

B. Enslaved Persons Clause.

What was the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1789? A. It created the state court system. B. It created a federal court system. C. It created the judicial branch. D. It created the Supreme Court.

B. It created a federal court system.

Which statement about federalism is accurate? A. It applies to specific state legislatures. B. It divides power between state and national governments. C. It is made up of implied and expressed powers. D. It states that powers should be directly given to Congress.

B. It divides power between state and national governments.

What was the social impact of the decision in Brown vs. Board of Education? A. It increased support for segregation by business owners. B. It strengthened the growing civil rights movement. C. It reduced interest in public protest relating to civil rights issues. D. It generated interest in the link between grades and emotions.

B. It strengthened the growing civil rights movement.

Was the Declaration of Independence intended to be a formal declaration of war? Why or why not? A. Yes. Though fighting preceded the writing, it was intended to be a formal declaration of war. B. No. The war started a year before the Declaration of Independence was written. C. Yes. The Declaration of Independence formally united the militias of the individual colonies. D. No. There was no need to declare war, as this power had yet to be established.

B. No. The war started a year before the Declaration of Independence was written.

Which statement best describes a government in which there is no separation of powers? A. People's rights are guaranteed. B. One person ruled and has absolute power. C. The legislature is divided into different branches. D. Judges decided the legality of laws passed by the legislature.

B. One person ruled and has absolute power.

According to the English Bill of Rights, who makes laws regarding taxation? A. monarchs B. Parliament C. the judiciary D. the military

B. Parliament

Which is a main idea in the Ninth Amendment? A. Privacy rights must be respected, unless forbidden by the state law. B. Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected. C. Certain rights are included in the Constitution and should be protected. D. Some rights found in the Constitution should be denied in certain situations.

B. Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected.

Which explains why the Constitution gave Congress the power to create a system of federal courts? A. The Constitution wanted Congress to share power with the judicial branch. B. The Constitution anticipated the need for courts lower than the Supreme Court. C. The Constitution wanted Congress to share power with the appellate courts. D. The Constitution anticipated the need for courts equal to the Supreme Court.

B. The Constitution anticipated the need for courts lower than the Supreme Court.

Which statement best explains why the Constitution limits the power of the executive branch? A. The Constitution limits the executive branch to keep the vice president from overthrowing the president. B. The Constitution limits the executive branch to keep the president from becoming too powerful. C. The Constitution limits the executive branch to keep the president from interfering in the work of other branches. D. The Constitution limits the executive branch to keep the vice president from interfering in the work of the president.

B. The Constitution limits the executive branch to keep the president from becoming too powerful.

Why was freedom of religion added to the First Amendment? A. The colonists wanted prayer taken out of schools. B. The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past. C. The colonists wanted Catholicism to be the country's main religion. D. The colonists thought the government should have religious control.

B. The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past.

Which best describes how the executive branch affects the power of the military? A. The executive branch shares power with the military. B. The executive branch checks the power of the military. C. The executive branch strengthens the power of the military. D. The executive branch gives power to the military.

B. The executive branch checks the power of the military.

Which statement reflects Thomas Gibbon's view of interstate commerce? A. State and federal government should jointly negotiate interstate commerce. B. The federal government should have power over interstate commerce. C. Individual operators should negotiate interstate commerce. D. State governments have power over interstate commerce.

B. The federal government should have power over interstate commerce.

What does separation of church and state mean? A. Churches cannot make laws that violate state laws. B. The government cannot make laws based on religion. C. Churches are built a certain distance from state buildings. D. The government has to make separate laws for churches.

B. The government cannot make laws based on religion.

Which statement best characterizes a dictatorship? A. The leader shares power, if necessary. B. The leader maintains power through force. C. The leader inherits power through birth. D. The leader is blessed by the church.

B. The leader maintains power through force.

Read this passage from the English Petition of Right. "[N]o man [should] be compelled to make or yield any gift, loan, benevolence, tax, or such like charge, without common consent by act of Parliament." What is the key idea in this passage? A. The king must agree to any law Parliament passes. B. There should be no taxation without representation. C. The king can't put someone in prison for no reason. D. People cannot give each other gifts unless Parliament approves.

B. There should be no taxation without representation.

Which statement applies to both senators and representatives? A. They serve four-year terms. B. They can be expelled for breaking rules. C. They must have a college education. D. They are required to be registered voters.

B. They can be expelled for breaking rules.

Which explains why Supreme Court justices are given lifetime appointments? A. They gave justices original jurisdiction. B. They protect justices from political pressure. C. They connect justices to appellate courts. D. They provide justices with unlimited power.

B. They protect justices from political pressure.

What was a result of Gibbons vs. Ogden? A. Aaron Ogden got permission to operate his steamboats in New York. B. Thomas Gibbons was allowed to operate his steamboats in New York. C. Thomas Gibbons won a federal license to operate his steamboats. D. Aaron Ogden maintained a monopoly on steamboat operation in New York.

B. Thomas Gibbons was allowed to operate his steamboats in New York.

As the result of a conflict between British troops and a colonial militia in Massachusetts,... A. the Boston Tea Party took place. B. Thomas Paine published Common Sense. C. the First Continental Congress was established. D. British troops began staying in the homes of colonists.

B. Thomas Paine published Common Sense.

Read the excerpt from the Publius. "It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices [checks and balances] should be necessary to control the abuses of government... If men were angels, no government would be necessary." -Publius Which statement summarizes the publication's view of government? A. We need government so we have a means to control our leaders. B. We need government because people are flawed. C. We don't need government because people are well behaved. D. We don't need government because it has too many checks and balances.

B. We need government because people are flawed.

A man walking down the street appears to have an illegal weapon. What can a police officer do? A. The officer must immediately go before a judge to obtain a search warrant. B. With reasonable cause, the officer can stop this individual and frisk him. C. With reasonable cause, the officer can arrest the individual without reading the Miranda warning. D. Nothing. The officer cannot stop anyone based on appearance alone.

B. With reasonable cause, the officer can stop this individual and frisk him.

What was the Supreme Court in the Brown case saying to the Court of the Plessy case in 1896? A. We agree completely with you. B. You made the wrong decision. C. The issue has changed dramatically. D. "Separate but equal" also applies to schools.

B. You made the wrong decision.

Congress declares a person to be guilty of a crime without having been given a trial. This is an example of... A. habeas corpus. B. a bill of attainder. C. an ex post facto law. D. cruel and unusual punishment.

B. a bill of attainder.

Central and state governments influence each other in... A. a unitary system. B. a federal system. C. a confederal system. D. a democratic system.

B. a federal system.

In a direct democracy, who votes on government policy? A. senators B. all citizens C. representatives D. only democrats

B. all citizens

Under which jurisdiction would further review of a federal court decision fall under? A. original B. appellate C. superior D. state

B. appellate

Enlightenment philosophers aimed to preserve the rights of individuals, including the right to... A. an education. B. assemble. C. a job. D. rule.

B. assemble.

What idea was the decision in Griswold vs. Connecticut based upon? A. If the Constitution forbids self-incrimination, husbands and wives should not be forced to testify against each other. B. The Constitution cannot possibly include all rights, so judges can create new ones based on what the founders must have been thinking. C. If the Constitution forbids unreasonable searches, there must be a reasonable right to privacy. D. The Constitution does not meet everyone's needs so citizens can disregard laws when they think the government is violating their rights.

C. If the Constitution forbids unreasonable searches, there must be a reasonable right to privacy.

Under what circumstances did John Locke think it would be acceptable for the people to overthrow the government? A. It is never acceptable, as overthrowing the government would be a violation of the social contract. B. If the people were to break the social contract and seek a different type of rule, the people could overthrow the government. C. If the government violated the social contract, the people could overthrow the government. D. If the government failed to accept new natural rights, the people could overthrow the government.

C. If the government violated the social contract, the people could overthrow the government.

Which statement about Congress is accurate? A. It contains only the House of Representatives. B. The Senate's membership is based on a state's population. C. It is bicameral, according to the Constitution. D. Membership in both houses is based on equal representation.

C. It is bicameral, according to the Constitution.

After a bill has been introduced, what happens next in the lawmaking process? A. It is debated on the floor. B. It is sent to the other house. C. It is reviewed in committee. D. It is approved by a vote.

C. It is reviewed in committee.

When Chief Justice Earl Warren states, "A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn," what was he essentially stating? A. Children often struggle with wanting to study. B. Learning is difficult if a child is not inspired. C. Low self-esteem can have a negative impact on grades. D. Students who feel inferior often spend more time alone.

C. Low self-esteem can have a negative impact on grades.

Which statement is true of government in England before the English Bill of Rights? A. The king had complete power. B. The king had no authority at all. C. Parliament advised the king, who made all decisions. D. Parliament made all the laws, with the advice of the king.

C. Parliament advised the king, who made all decisions.

Read the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution. "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted." Which statement best summarizes the intent of the Eighth Amendment? A. People accused of crimes have no rights until there is a verdict in court. B. The government has specific ways in which it can punish criminals. C. People accused of crimes have specific constitutional protections. D. The government may choose to inflict any kinds of punishment it chooses.

C. People accused of crimes have specific constitutional protections.

Read the claim. "Segregation allows for separate but equal status of people." Which sentence is a counterclaim? A. States cannot disobey federal laws against segregation. B. The American dream is to have a world of peace and goodwill. C. People cannot be equal if they are separate in public places. D. Involuntary segregation does not respect the rights of individuals.

C. People cannot be equal if they are separate in public places.

Read the quote from the US Constitution. "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved for the States respectively, or to the people." Which type of powers is this describing? A. Powers shared by both state and federal levels. B. Powers implied within the Constitution. C. Powers held by the states alone. D. Powers clearly identified for the federal level.

C. Powers held by the states alone.

Senator Quintero donates money to his local church from his personal checking account. Senator Kleinman donates money from a federally funded accounts to her church. Based on this scenario, which senator is in violation of the establishment clause? A. They are both in violation because government officials are not allowed to donate to one religion. B. Senator Quintero is in violation because he donated a large amount of money to the church. C. Senator Kleinman is in violation because she took the money from a federally funded account. D. Neither senator is in violation because they have the right to donate to any religious group.

C. Senator Kleinman is in violation because she took the money from a federally funded account.

Which statement accurately describes the Fourth Amendment? A. The Fourth Amendment gives citizens the right to refuse a search under any circumstances. B. Police officers may seize anything they find suspicious. C. The Fourth Amendment describes the legal process for searches and seizures. D. A police officer can search someone's home, so long as a judge is present.

C. The Fourth Amendment describes the legal process for searches and seizures.

Which is a true statement about the Privileges and Immunities Clause? A. The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with amending the Constitution. B. The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with rights for enslaved persons. C. The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with shared rights for citizens. D. The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with ratifying the Constitution.

C. The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with shared rights for citizens.

Which describes how Congress affects the president's abilities to grant pardons and appoint cabinet members? A. The Senate approves pardons but not cabinet members. B. The House approves cabinet members but not pardons. C. The Senate approves cabinet members but not pardons. D. The House approves pardons but not cabinet members.

C. The Senate approves cabinet members but not pardons.

How does the legal precedent set by the decision in the Brown case relate to the concept of federalism? A. The precedent ended discrimination in the United States. B. The precedent ensured that federal agencies observed the Ninth Amendment right to equality. C. The precedent overturned state laws based on interpretation of the Constitution. D. The precedent amended the Constitution.

C. The precedent overturned state laws based on interpretation of the Constitution.

John Locke believed that natural rights... A. should be given only to the majority. B. should be limited for all people. C. do not come from the government. D. do not pertain to economic issues.

C. do not come from the government.

How might the decision in McCulloch vs. Maryland make future Supreme Court decisions more complicated? A. The principle of federal supremacy meant the Court would more often rule in favor of federal powers over those of individual states. B. The principle of implied powers meant the Court could rule based on what it felt was right rather than basing its decisions on the Constitution. C. The principle of implied powers meant the Court might spend more time interpreting the Constitution rather than simply following it to the letter. D. The principle of federal supremacy meant the Court would have to determine new limits on the federal government's power.

C. The principle of implied powers meant the Court might spend more time interpreting the Constitution rather than simply following it to the letter.

How might the decisions in McCulloch vs. Maryland make future Supreme Court decisions more complicated? A. The principle of federal supremacy meant the Court would more often rule in favor of federal powers over those of individual states. B. The principle of implied powers meant the Court could rule based on what it felt was right rather than basing its decisions on the Constitution. C. The principle of implied powers meant the Court might spend more time interpreting the Constitution rather than simply following it to the letter. D. The principle of federal supremacy meant the Court would have to determine new limits on the federal government's power.

C. The principle of implied powers meant the Court might spend more time interpreting the Constitution rather than simply following it to the letter.

Read the excerpt from Martin Luther King Jr.'s "The American Dream" speech. "It is a dream of a land where men of all races, of all nationalities and of all creeds can live together as brothers." Which statement from Governor George Wallace's inaugural address best serves as conflicting evidence to King's statement? A. Bless all the people of this great sovereign State and nation, both white and black. B. To realize our ambitions and to bring to fruition our dreams, we as Alabamians must take cognizance of the world about us. C. The true brotherhood of America, of respecting the separateness of others... and uniting in effort... has been so twisted and distorted. D. In united effort we were meant to live under this government.

C. The true brotherhood of America, of respecting the separateness of others... and uniting in effort... has been so twisted and distorted.

How did Alexander Hamilton and James Madison view the Constitution? A. They strongly opposed the Constitution. B. They were on opposite sides of the debate about the Constitution. C. They led those who favored the Constitution. D. They were Anti-Federalists who supported the Constitution.

C. They led those who favored the Constitution.

How many states must approve an amendment before it can be added to the Constitution? A. One-quarter B. One-half C. Three-fourths D. Five-eighths

C. Three-fourths

Which would most likely fall under appellate jurisdiction? A. a case involving state laws B. a case between two companies C. a case appealed from a lower court D. a case between two states

C. a case appealed from a lower court

What is the best definition of federalism? A. a government in which power is given to Congress directly B. a government in which power is under the control of the states C. a government in which power is divided between state and national levels D. a government in which powers are directly stated into the Constitution

C. a government in which power is divided between state and national levels

An oligarchy is best defined as... A. a government ruled by a dictator. B. a government ruled by a monarchy. C. a government ruled by a small, elite group. D. a government led by a large, select group.

C. a government ruled by a small, elite group.

The government gives public funds to low performing schools for new computers. They decide to give more money to the lowest performers, some of which are multidenominational religions. According to the establishment clause, how would a court rule on this case? A. as a direct violation of the clause because government institutions cannot support religious institutions for any reason B. as a violation of the clause because the government gave more money to religious schools than public schools C. as in compliance with the clause because the government's action was for a secular purpose, did not advance a particular religion, and was unentangled D. as in compliance with the clause because the government gave money to fewer religious schools than public schools

C. as in compliance with the clause because the government's action was for a secular purpose, did not advance a particular religion, and was unentangled

A right is unenumerated if it is... A. listed in the Constitution. B. interpreted by the Supreme Court. C. assumed to be a fundamental right. D. written as law by a state or federal agency.

C. assumed to be a fundamental right.

When the Supreme Court makes a ruling on a case that serves to interpret a law passed by Congress, it is an example of... A. presidential veto B. popular sovereignty. C. checks and balances. D. habeas corpus.

C. checks and balances.

Protection of habeas corpus means that... A. citizens cannot be punished without a trial. B. laws cannot apply to past situations. C. citizens cannot be held without legal action. D. laws cannot include cruel or unusual punishments.

C. citizens cannot be held without legal action.

Read this excerpt from the English Bill of Rights. "That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament." According to this excerpt, members of Parliament are allowed to... A. practice any religion they choose. B. have a trial by jury. C. communicate opinions and ideas. D. share power with the monarchy.

C. communicate opinions and ideas.

According to Anti-Federalists, the Constitution... A. would make the president too weak. B. could make the president less powerful than the Congress. C. could give the president too much influence. D. would make the president work closely with states.

C. could give the president too much influence.

Which of these powers is considered an implied power? A. raising taxes B. regulating trade C. creating a national bank D. declaring war

C. creating a national bank

What does the Eighth Amendment prohibit? A. lengthy trials B. search warrants C. cruel and unusual punishment D. impartial juries

C. cruel and unusual punishment

The process of approving the Constitution is best described as... A. simple. B. unofficial. C. difficult. D. unfair.

C. difficult.

The English document that laid the groundwork for judges in the US to rule based on precedent is known as the...

Commentaries on the Laws of England

How does Martin Luther King Jr. support his claim that racial segregation is discriminatory and unjust? A. He refers to the idea that all men, women, and children are united in a universal brotherhood. B. He uses facts to prove that racial segregation is occurring only in Southern states. C. He shares his personal belief that the pursuit of happiness is left up to each individual. D. He quotes from the Declaration of Independence that all men are created equal.

D. He quotes from the Declaration of Independence that all men are created equal.

Why was James Madison sued, resulting in Marbury vs. Madison? A. He reduced the number of federal judges in the district, preventing Marbury from getting a job. B. He wrote an article about Marbury in the newspaper, which hurt his career as a federal judge. C. He disagreed with Marbury politically, and withdrew a job offer he had made. D. He refused to honor an appointment made by a previous presidential administration.

D. He refused to honor an appointment made by a previous presidential administration.

Read Governor George Wallace's statement. "and I say... segregation now... segregation tomorrow... segregation forever." What makes this statement effective? A. It is a counterclaim that disproves facts. B. It quotes another historical figure. C. It makes an appeal to emotion. D. It includes the use of repetition.

D. It includes the use of repetition.

How did Gibbons vs. Ogden expand the idea of federal supremacy? A. It said the federal judicial review is required in all state legal cases. B. It said the Constitution is open to interpretation in state matters. C. It said that the federal trade is more important than state trade. D. It said that Congress has power to regulate trade between states.

D. It said that Congress has power to regulate trade between states.

Why did Anti-Federalists favor a bill of rights? A. It would split power equally between the president and Congress. B. It would put government in the hands of individual states. C. It would give the government more power to make laws. D. It would protect individual citizens' freedoms.

D. It would protect individual citizens' freedoms.

Which of these provisions is part of the Eighth Amendment? A. Witnesses must appear in court. B. A speedy trial is required. C. Counsel must be provided. D. Reasonable bail must be set.

D. Reasonable bail must be set.

Why were civil rights supporters disappointed with the Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson? A. The court rejected the idea of "separate but equal." B. The court ruled that African Americans were unable to drive. C. The court ruled that African Americans were unable to vote. D. The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."

D. The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."

Which statement is an accurate description of the American federal system? A. States can make their own choices, as they have power over all taxes. B. State and federal government are run separately without any overlap. C. The federal government informs states of what is and what is not considered legal. D. The federal and state governments share powers, but federal power is supreme.

D. The federal and state governments share powers, but federal power is supreme.

According to the establishment clause, how would a historical society's posting of the Ten Commandments along with the history of religions ad its beliefs and practices be viewed? A. The posting would be in violation of the clause because religion items cannot be put in public places. B. The posting would be in violation of the clause because the items relate to a particular religion. C. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because there is a learning purpose to the items. D. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because people willingly go to the historical society.

D. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because people willingly go to the historical society.

What was the most significant result of the ruling in Marbury vs. Madison? A. The ruling narrowed the powers of the federal government. B. The ruling determined that the Supreme Court should not hear Marbury's case. C. The ruling was made by Chief Justice John Marshall of the Supreme Court. D. The ruling determined that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.

D. The ruling determined that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.

What was the Federalist's view of the Constitution? A. They would approve of the Constitution only if Anti-Federalists favored it. B. They did not favor the Constitution. C. They would only favor the Constitution if major changes were made to it. D. They approved of the Constitution.

D. They approved of the Constitution.

How did Anti-Federalists feel about a strong central government? A. They favored it. B. They mostly favored it but had some concerns. C. Some opposed it and some favored it. D. They opposed it.

D. They opposed it.

Which is a true statement about federal judges? A. They are appointed by the Senate. B. They serve five-year terms. C. They are approved by the Supreme Court. D. They serve lifetime terms.

D. They serve lifetime terms.

What was the Federalists' position on creating a bill of rights? A. They approved of the idea because it would help limit government powers. B. They disapproved of the idea because it meant the president would have too little power. C. They agreed to the idea if they could review and reject parts of it. D. They thought it was unnecessary because the Constitution would already limit government powers.

D. They thought it was unnecessary because the Constitution would already limit government powers.

Read the question from the Declaration of Independence. "For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world." Which reason best explains why this grievance was included in the Declaration? A. The colonists could not get goods without the Crown's permission. B. The colonists could export goods only to Britain. C. The British closed ports to punish the colonies, D. Trade focused on generating income for the Crown only.

D. Trade focused on generating income for the Crown only.

James McCulloch most likely supported the idea that Congress could create banks because... A. he knew that Maryland law did not allow for state-run banks. B. he believed the Court should follow the implied powers of the Constitution. C. he supported the idea of federal supremacy. D. he didn't want to pay state taxes on his bank.

D. he didn't want to pay state taxes on his bank.

Read the excerpt from The Federal Farmer. "Instead of being thirteen republics, under a federal head, [the Federalists' plan] is clearly designed to make us one [unified] government... Whether such a change can ever be [made] in any manner; whether it can be [made] without convulsions and civil wars; whether such a change will not totally destroy the liberties of this country - time only can determine." -The Federal Farmer What best summarizes the point of view the excerpt expresses? A. In time, one unified government will run the country. B. The Federalists prefer thirteen republics to one unified government. C. One unified government probably will not lead to disruptions and civil wars. D. Under one unified government, people will be robbed of their freedoms.

D. Under one unified government, people will be robbed of their freedoms.

Which would most likely fall under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? A. a case involving the laws of a single state B. a case between two companies C. a case appealed from a lower court D. a case between two states

D. a case between two states

When leaders use religious laws to govern, they most likely represent... A. a democracy. B. an autocracy. C. a monarchy. D. a theocracy.

D. a theocracy.

Which of these is considered a power of governance? A. regulating trade between states B. maintaining armed forces C. declaring war D. admitting new states

D. admitting new states

Which term is defined as "promoting minority inclusion in educational and employment opportunities"? A. desegregation B. separate but equal C. legislation D. affirmative action

D. affirmative action

How do the Enlightenment's theories of government view of the role of government? A. as benevolent B. as absolute C. as transparent D. as useful

D. as useful

A key element of the Fourth Amendment is that searches and seizures must be conducted... A. only if a serious crime has been committed. B. with compassion and support. C. using a practical and organized method. D. based on reasonable belief that a crime has been committed.

D. based on reasonable belief that a crime has been committed.

How did Enlightenment thinkers approach the study of government? A. by taking a historical view B. by taking a divine right view C. by taking a faith-based view D. by taking a secular view

D. by taking a secular view

How does a monarch typically take power? A. by being elected B. by taking over in a revolution C. by being appointed by leaders of a political party D. by taking over when the previous monarch dies or retires

D. by taking over when the previous monarch dies or retires

In which system of government would states function independently of each other? A. solitary B. unitary C. federal D. confederal

D. confederal

The impact of Furman vs. Georgia (1972) was that states had to... A. promise to use the death penalty only with approval from the Supreme Court. B. throw out the old Miranda warning and write a new one. C. agree to throw out all state laws regarding crime and impose national standards. D. create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.

D. create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.

William Blackstone was important because he... A. wrote the Magna Carta. B. led the Glorious Revolution. C. wrote the English Bill of Rights. D. created a record of common law.

D. created a record of common law.

Thomas Paine's Common Sense pushed for ta more radical solution than the First Continental Congress did in resolving issues of British rule. What was Paine's solution? A. declaring war on Britain B. invading Britain C. moving inland, beyond British territory D. declaring independence

D. declaring independence

The two forms of democracy are... A. national and state B. republican and democrat C. local and national D. direct and representative

D. direct and representative.

An author uses conflicting evidence in an argument to... A. show emotion. B. use logical reasoning. C. emphasize repetition. D. disprove counterclaims.

D. disprove counterclaims.

In a confederal system of government, power is... A. given to the central government. B. given to the president exclusively. C. shared between the central and state government. D. distributed equally among the state governments.

D. distributed equally among the state governments.

Which best describes a role of the executive branch of the federal government? A. governing commerce B. interpreting laws C. regulating taxes D. enforcing laws

D. enforcing laws

Declaring war and coining money are considered... A. states' rights. B. implied powers. C. national rights. D. expressed powers.

D. expressed powers.

In the modern world, many countries with kings or queens have evolved into constitutional democracies. In these countries, monarchs are mostly... A. absolute dictators. B. prime ministers. C. political party leaders. D. figureheads.

D. figureheads.

Read the excerpt from the preamble to the Constitution. . . . [A]nd secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity. According to this excerpt of the preamble, who were freedoms and rights established for? A. federal and state elected officials B. executive and judicial officials C. leaders and past generations D. framers of the Constitution and future generations

D. framers of the Constitution and future generations

An important effect of the Magna Carta on English government was that it... A. established a monarchy. B. gave voting rights to all citizens. C. reduced the rights of citizens. D. gave more power to the people and protected their rights.

D. gave more power to the people and protected their rights.

Read the following quotation from George Washington. "The spirit of encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all the departments in one, and thus to create whatever the form of government, a real despotism." What was Washington warning against? A. forming a bicameral legislature B. instituting separation of powers C. granting citizens too many rights D. having a single ruler

D. having a single ruler

Read the Preamble to the US Constitution. We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. According to the Preamble, where does the power for government come from? A. the welfare B. the leaders C. the defence D. the people

D. the people

The best explanation as to why direct democracy would not work well in the United States is that... A. voting is not mandatory in the United States. B. the use of direct democracy would make debate on issues by individuals too difficult. C. Ancient Greece was smaller and less geographically diverse than the United states. D. the population of the United States is too large.

D. the population of the United States is too large.

Unlike the Anti-Federalists, the Federalists believed... A. the president should be less powerful than the other two branches. B. the president should give more power to the state.s C. the president should have unlimited power to govern the nation. D. the president should have enough power to lead.

D. the president should have enough power to lead.

What are two types of oligarchies? A. theocracy and monarchy B. dictatorship and theocracy C. communism and dictatorship D. theocracy and communism

D. theocracy and communism

Which term is synonymous with "natural rights," according to the Enlightenment philosophers? A. legal rights B. divine rights C. positive rights D. universal rights

D. universal rights