GR -Tissues
62) During embryological development, the actual embryo is formed by the ________. A) inner cell mass B) trophoblast C) blastocyst D) mesoderm E) zygote
A
7) What type of tissue comprises the inner lining of the ventral body cavity? A) simple squamous epithelium B) stratified epithelium C) columnar epithelium D) mesothelium E) endothelium
A
69) Endocrine secretions are discharged, often through a duct, onto the surface of the skin or on the epithelial lining of an internal passageway that communicates with the exterior.
False ; exorcise glands
66) Transitional cells are relatively tall, slender cells with nuclei in a narrow band close to the basement membrane.
False ;columnar cells
64) Multiple layers of cells, found where mechanical stresses are severe, are called simple cuboidal epithelium.
False; stratified Squamous
67) In merocrine secretion, secretory products are released from gland cells through exocytosis onto the surface of the cell.
True, but onto the surface of the skin
47) Tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments are all composed of ________ connective tissue, which contains tightly packed collagen fibers aligned parallel to applied forces. A) dense regular B) osseous C) cartilaginous D) reticular E) areolar
A
12) Loose connective tissue proper contains ________. A) fixed and wandering cells B) a tight framework C) parallel, packed fibers D) a solid ground substance E) only elastic fibers
A
13) Most energy storage in the body is accomplished by which of the following cells? A) adipocytes B) melanocytes C) macrophages D) fibroblasts E) lymphocytes
A
18) Membranes are formed by the combination of which tissues? A) epithelial and connective B) epithelial and muscle C) connective and muscle D) muscle and neural E) connective and neural
A
25) Muscle tissue located in layers around the digestive tract is called ________. A) smooth muscle B) crenulated muscle C) skeletal muscle D) cardiac muscle E) All of the answers are correct.
A
26) Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue? A) consists of a branching network of interconnected muscle cells B) individual cells have many, irregularly shaped nuclei C) can replace cells and regenerate after an injury D) contracts only with nervous stimulation E) also called striated voluntary muscle
A
27) Skeletal muscle tissue contains large fibers that are ________. A) multinucleated B) involuntary C) nonstriated D) controlled by pacesetter cells E) connected by intercalated discs
A
37) ________ epithelium is the most delicate type in the body. A) Simple squamous B) Simple cuboidal C) Simple columnar D) Pseudostratified columnar E) Transitional
A
4) What type of epithelium makes up the endothelium of blood vessels? A) simple squamous B) stratified cuboidal C) transitional D) simple columnar E) pseudostratified columnar
A
44) A(n) ________ consists of 3 fibrous protein subunits wound together like the strands of a rope it is flexible, yet very strong when pulled by either end. A) collagen fiber B) parenchyma C) elastic fiber D) reticular fiber E) fibroblast
A
56) The layer of dense connective tissue that is bound to capsules, tendons, and ligaments is called ________. A) deep fascia B) subserous fascia C) lamina propria D) reticular lamina E) subcutaneous layer
A
41) The least specialized connective tissue in the adult body is ________, which contains all the cells and fibers found in connective tissue proper. A) hyaline cartilage B) areolar connective tissue C) reticular tissue D) fibrous cartilage E) dense regular connective tissue
B
15) The type of cartilage that is specialized to resist compression is ________. A) osteocartilage B) fibrocartilage C) elastic cartilage D) hyaline cartilage E) All of the answers are correct.
B
22) Which membrane is thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry? A) hypodermis B) cutaneous membrane C) deep fascia D) subserous fascia E) synovial membrane
B
29) Muscle tissue is unique in its ability to ________. A) repair itself after damage B) produce powerful contractions C) transmit electrical impulses D) regulate the composition of interstitial fluid E) All of the answers are correct.
B
35) The ________ is a complex structure produced by the epithelium and cells of the underlying connective tissue. A) apical surface B) basal lamina C) ciliated epithelium D) microvillus E) stereocilium
B
39) Extracellular fibers and ________ comprise the matrix that surrounds the cells of a connective tissue. A) melanocytes B) ground substance C) fibroblasts D) mesenchymal cells E) neutrophils and eosinophils
B
49) The fibers in ________ connective tissue form an interwoven meshwork that does not show any consistent pattern, but maintains tensile strength in all directions. A) reticular B) dense irregular C) periosteal D) areolar E) elastic
B
50) In cartilage, ________ growth occurs when stem cells of the inner layer of the perichondrium divide repeatedly the innermost cells differentiate into chondroblasts that produce new matrix. A) superficial B) appositional C) subserous D) interstitial E) synovial
B
53) The ________, a type of serous membrane, covers the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity. A) peritoneum B) pleura C) parenchyma D) pericardium E) periosteum
B
58) Although skeletal muscle fibers cannot divide, new muscle fibers can be produced through the division of ________, which are mesenchymal cells that persist in adult skeletal muscle. A) pacemaker cells B) myosatellite cells C) osteocytes D) periosteal stem cells E) mast cells
B
63) In the formation of a(n) ________, the connecting cells disappear, and the cells secrete into blood vessels or into the surrounding tissue fluids. A) loose connective tissue B) endocrine gland C) respiratory epithelium D) exocrine gland E) cutaneous membrane
B
1) Stereocilia are described by which of the following? A) present in the epithelium of the female reproductive tract B) very short microvilli C) present on receptor cells of the inner ear D) manufactured by the Golgi apparatus E) All of the answers are correct.
C
30) Which of the following is a cell process that receives incoming electrical impulses? A) soma B) neuroglia C) dendrites D) nerve fibers E) axon
C
33) An epithelium always has an exposed surface, which is referred to as the ________ surface. A) basal B) lateral C) apical D) intercellular E) basolateral
C
40) The connective tissue type that has a distinctive population of cells suspended in a fluid matrix that contains formed elements is called ________. A) cartilage B) reticular tissue C) blood D) lymph E) osseous tissue
C
48) Elastic connective tissues ________. A) are comprised of collagenous sheets or ribbons that resemble flat, broad tendons B) often contain significant numbers of elastic fibers as well as collagen fibers and usually connect cartilage-to-cartilage, bone to cartilage, or one bone to another bone C) often underlie transitional epithelia and are also found in the walls of blood vessels and surrounding the respiratory passageways D) are actually cords of dense regular connective tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones and cartilage E) form an interwoven meshwork and do not show any consistent pattern it provides strength and support to areas subjected to stresses from many directions
C
5) Merocrine sweat glands are classified as which of the following? A) simple alveolar B) simple tubular C) simple coiled tubular D) simple branched alveolar E) simple branched tubular
C
52) The areolar tissue component of a mucous membrane is called the ________. A) lamina lucida B) transudate C) lamina propria D) mesothelium E) lamina densa
C
57) In the neck and limbs, the deep fascia ________. A) covers the external surface of the body B) is a layer of loose connective tissue, which prevents the distortion of the delicate lining of organs during movement of muscles or muscular organs C) divides the muscles into compartments or groups that are different functionally and developmentally D) is lined by simple epithelium that performs absorptive or secretory functions E) consists of areolar connective tissue, minimizing friction between opposing surfaces
C
6) Which of the following terms means two or more layers? A) pseudostratified B) columnar C) stratified D) cuboidal E) None of the answers are correct.
C
8) Which type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder? A) cuboidal B) columnar C) transitional D) squamous E) glandular
C
9) Exocrine glands, which secrete a watery solution that usually contains enzymes are called ________. A) mucous glands B) endocrine glands C) serous glands D) mixed exocrine glands E) None of the answers are correct.
C
19) Mucous membranes ________. A) line the ventral body cavities that are enclosed B) keep connective tissue surfaces moist at all times C) are lined by stratified epithelia that perform absorptive or secretory functions D) line passageways that communicate with the exterior and form a barrier that resists the entry of pathogens E) None of the answers are correct.
D
23) Connective tissues form the internal framework of the body that does which of the following? A) provides strength and stability B) maintains the relative positions of internal organs C) provides a route for the distribution of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.
D
24) Connective tissue layers that lie between deep fascia and serous membranes, and line body cavities is called ________. A) superficial fascia B) intermuscular fascia C) subcutaneous layer D) subserous fascia E) hypodermis
D
36) ________ epithelia are quite rare they are found lining the ducts of sweat glands and in larger ducts of some other exocrine glands, such as mammary glands. A) Simple cuboidal B) Simple squamous C) Stratified columnar D) Stratified cuboidal E) Stratified squamous
D
42) The relatively few ________ residing in connective tissues engulf damaged or dead cells or invading pathogens, and release chemicals that attract many more cells to activate the immune system. A) mast cells B) mesenchymal cells C) fibrocytes D) fixed macrophages E) monocytes
D
43) When a local injury or infection damages or destroys connective tissues, the ________ respond by dividing to produce daughter cells that differentiate into fibroblasts, or other connective tissue cells. A) resting macrophages B) fibrocytes C) mucoid connective tissue D) mesenchymal cells E) mast cells
D
51) A serous membrane consists of ________ (a simple squamous epithelium), which is supported by areolar connective tissue rich in blood and lymphatic vessels. A) lamina propria B) basal lamina C) deep fascia D) mesothelium E) sarcoplasm
D
55) The superficial fascia, also called the ________, is the layer of loose connective tissue that separates the skin from underlying tissues and organs. A) cutaneous fascia B) dermis C) intermuscular fascia D) hypodermis E) reticular lamina
D
59) Cardiac muscle fibers form extensive connections with one another at specialized regions called ________. A) sarcolemmae B) intermuscular fascia C) soma D) intercalated discs E) striations
D
10) Functions of connective tissue include ________. A) establishing a structural framework for the body B) transporting fluid and dissolved materials from one body region to another C) protecting delicate organs D) supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting tissue types E) All of the answers are correct.
E
11) Which of the following cells can be found in connective tissue? A) mesenchymal cells B) fibroblasts C) eosinophils D) mast cells E) All of the answers are correct.
E
14) Small, mobile connective tissue cells that release chemicals (after injury or infection), which mediate the inflammatory response, are known as ________. A) lymphocytes B) adipocytes C) microphages D) free macrophages E) mast cells
E
16) Almost all bone surfaces are sheathed by ________. A) stratified squamous epithelial tissue B) hyaline cartilage C) loose connective tissue D) lacunae E) periosteum
E
17) Which of the following comprises a list of the most closely related connective tissue types? A) adipose tissue, tendon, blood, lymph, bone B) elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, skin C) tendon, blood, lymph, reticular tissue D) areolar tissue, tendon, bone, cartilage E) reticular tissue, dense elastic connective tissue proper, adipose tissue
E
2) Which type of epithelium is present where easy exchange of materials out of the blood is most important, such as that in the lining of the heart and all blood vessels? A) stratified squamous epithelium B) columnar epithelium C) cuboidal epithelium D) endothelium E) simple epithelium
E
20) Which of the following describes the major function of serous membranes? A) Each consists of a mesothelium supported by dense connective tissue. B) They line body cavities that communicate with the exterior. C) They are loosely attached to the body wall and to the organs they cover. D) Their parietal and visceral portions never touch. E) Tiny amounts of transudate formed on the surfaces of the membrane reduce friction.
E
21) Which of the following consists of extensive areas of areolar tissue bounded by an incomplete superficial layer of squamous or cuboidal cells? A) superficial fascia B) cutaneous membrane C) sarcolemma D) mucous membrane E) synovial membrane
E
28) Features of smooth muscle tissue include ________. A) its exclusive location in the heart B) multiple nuclei (usually) for each cell C) the ability to regenerate after injury D) intercalated discs and multinucleated E) having a single nucleus (usually) for each cell and regenerative capabilities
E
3) Epithelial cells usually have ________. A) a basal lamina B) unevenly distributed organelles C) apical and basal plasmalemmae with different associated proteins and functions D) an exposed apical surface E) All of the answers are correct.
E
31) Neural tissue is characterized by ________. A) extremely long cells B) cells with branching processes C) neuroglia with varied functions D) the ability to transmit electrical impulses E) All of the answers are correct.
E
32) Normal aging causes many effects on the body, including ________. A) repair and maintenance activities become less efficient B) connective tissue becomes more fragile C) hormone and lifestyle alterations affect the structure and chemical composition of many tissues D) epithelia become thinner E) All of the answers are correct.
E
34) Epithelia ________. A) provide sensation B) control permeability C) provide physical protection D) produce specialized secretions E) All of the answers are correct.
E
38) A transitional epithelium ________. A) provides specialized protection along the pharynx, urethra, and anus B) is a simple epithelium whose exposed epithelial cells typically possess cilia C) is usually found where mechanical stresses are severe D) provides limited protection and occurs in regions where absorption and secretion occur E) has a special characteristic that allows for considerable distention of the epithelium without damaging the component cells
E
45) ________ is highly vascularized, very active biochemically, and its individual cells contain numerous mitochondria, which gives the tissue a deep, rich color. A) Elastic tissue B) Reticular tissue C) White adipose tissue D) Areolar connective tissue E) Brown adipose tissue
E
46) ________ tissue provides a supporting framework, forming the stroma of the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. A) Dense irregular B) Areolar C) Multilocular adipose D) Elastic E) Reticular
E
54) Synovial membranes ________. A) consist of extensive areas of areolar tissue bounded by a basal lamina B) consist of a cellular layer complete with tight junctions between adjacent cells C) cover the entire surface of the body and consist of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar connective tissue that is reinforced by a layer of dense connective tissue D) are comprised of areolar tissue component called lamina propria and often lined by simple epithelia that perform absorptive or secretory functions E) contain "epithelial cells" derived from macrophages and fibroblasts of the adjacent connective tissue
E
60) Neuroglia ________. A) provide a supporting framework for neural tissue B) regulate the composition of interstitial fluid C) provide nutrients to neurons D) provide a supporting framework for neural tissue and provide nutrients to neurons E) All of the answers are correct.
E
61) In aging women, the reduction in bone strength known as ________ is often caused by a combination of inactivity, low dietary calcium intake, and diminished circulating estrogen levels. A) arthritis B) lipolysis C) ossification D) abrasion E) osteoporosis
E
76) Flat sheets of collagen that attach superficial muscles to another muscle or structure are called ligaments.
F
71) Exocrine secretory products (hormones) are released, via exocytosis from the gland cells, into the fluid surrounding the cells.
F; endrocrine
73) Pads between the spinal vertebrae consist of the structural material called hyaline cartilage.
F; fibrocartilage
65) Cuboidal cells resemble little hexagonal boxes, which appear square in typical sectional views.
T
68) Apocrine secretion occurs when gland cells shed the apical portion of their cytoplasm, which has become packed with secretory vesicles.
T
70) Holocrine secretion occurs when a gland cell becomes packed with secretory products and then bursts apart the secretion is released and the cell dies.
T
72) The supporting structural material of the epiglottis is elastic cartilage.
T
74) The tough but somewhat flexible material that covers the articular surfaces within synovial joints is hyaline cartilage.
T
75) Cords of dense regular connective tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones and cartilage are called tendons.
T
77) Relatively long, cylindrical, and multinucleate cells are characteristic of skeletal muscle cells.
T
