Greenhouse effect 1
What are the Sources of CO2
Carbon dioxide comes from burning of fossil fuels and from deforestation (since removing plants prevents photosynthesis which removes CO2 from the air)
What is the composition of the Earth's Atmosphere?
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% argon.
nitrogen
78% of "air" (atmosphere) is _____ gas.
global warming
increase in the average global surface temperature in response to increasing levels of 'greenhouse gases' in the atmosphere
The greenhouse is essential for
life on Earth
barrier
obstacle
fuel
A ____ is a substance that is burnt to release energy in the form of heat and light. It contains stored chemical energy.
species
A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring
atmosphere
A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon.
insulation
A substance that reduces the transfer of thermal energy.
List the 4 GHGs (Greenhouse Gases)
carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
The weather conditions and patterns that exist in a region over a long period of time.
climate
Without the greenhouse effect, Earth's temperature would be much _________
colder
Global warming
An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere
Renewable energy
Any source of energy that can be continually produced and is inexhaustible given current conditions.
How does the greenhouse effect keep Earth warm?
By trapping some of the infrared rays, the atmosphere around us remains warm and stable. This is necessary for sustaining life.
Burning fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal produces _____________.
Carbon dioxide
This chemical change in humans uses oxygen (O2) and glucose to generate energy and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Cellular respiration
The process of "burning" materials in oxygen, to produce carbon dioxide and water vapour.
Combustion
The average weather conditions in a place over a course of many years.
Definition of climate
Gradual increase in average worldwide temperatures.
Definition of global warming
The process in which solar energy enters Earth's surface, trapping thermal energy in the atmosphere.
Definition of the greenhouse effect
enhanced greenhouse effect
Due to increasing industrialisation more greenhouse gases are released. The result of this is extra heat being trapped by the atmosphere resulting in a warmer world.
Less snow and ice, melting glaciers, increasing annual temperatures
Example(s) of global warming
CO2 (carbon dioxide), H2O (water vapor), CH4 (methane), O3 (ozone), and NO (nitrous oxide)
Example(s) of greenhouse gases
global warming
Example(s) of the greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Gases in the atmosphere that trap energy
The chemical reaction for cellular respiration is:
Glucose + Oxygen (O2) --> Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + Energy
These molecules trap outgoing infrared rays in the atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases
Chopping down/ burning trees -> eliminating them means they can't absorb carbon dioxide.
How we unbalance the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), burning trees, chopping down trees.
Man-made sources of carbon dioxide
Raising livestock (cows, sheep, etc.), distribution of natural gas, manure storage, and decomposing household waste all produce ____________.
Methane gas (CH4)
___________________ causes a greenhouse effect that is 21 times greater than carbon dioxide.
Methane gas (CH4)
habitat
Place where an organism lives
Greenhouse effect
Process by which atmospheric gases trap heat close to Earth's surface and prevent it from escaping into space
1. The sun's UV light visible sunlight (short wavelength) passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by clouds and Earth's surface (warms them). 2. Some of the sun's energy is reflected (UV and visible bounce off) as radiated heat from earth's surface, through the atmosphere and back into space. 3. The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb some of the infrared- heat radiated from earth's surface and direct it back towards Earth (warm).
Process of the greenhouse effect
greenhouse effect
Radiation from the sun enters the Earth's atmosphere, hits the ground and bounces back into space. Some of the heat bouncing out is reflected by greenhouse gases back to the Earth. These trapped rays heat the Earth up again causing the _____ .
photovoltaic cells
Solar energy cells, usually made from silicon, that collect solar rays to generate electricity.
This type of energy comes from the sun and is absorbed by the Earth's surface.
Solar radiation
reflect
The bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the ray hits a surface that it does not go through
methane
The three major greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, ____ and nitrous oxide.
The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb some of the infrared- heat radiated from earth's surface and direct it back towards Earth (warm).
What do greenhouse gases do?
The ocean heats up and starts to give off more carbon dioxide.
What happens if we unbalance the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
15 degrees
What is Earth's actual average surface temperature?
-18 degrees
What would the Earth's average surface temperature be without the greenhouse effect?
Trees die and cannot absorb carbon dioxide
Why is there more carbon dioxide in the winter?
renewable sources of energy
___ are wind, sunlight, tides. Renewable energy is energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.
combustion
_____ (or burning) is the name of the chemical reaction of a substance burning in oxygen. The burning process changes the stored chemical energy into light energy and heat energy.
carbon dioxide
_____ gas is released by respiration, combustion and decomposition of dead organisms.
Fossil fuel
a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
linking verbs
a verb that connects a subject with a word that describes or identifies it
greenhouse gases
atmospheric gases that absorb and then emit infra-red waves (heat radiation) are called ____ .
Abnormal change of climatic conditions on Earth caused by human activity.
climate change
Without the greenhouse effect, Earth's temperature would be much
colder
fossil fuels
fuels formed by pressure and heat acting on the remains of ancient organisms
endager
putting someone in harm's way
The greenhouse effect is responsible for keeping the temperature and climate on Earth
stable
carbon saving
the amount of carbon that is not used (thus reducing carbon emission and global warming)
retain
to hold or keep
pollute
to make impure or dirty
The mean temperature on Earth has risen how much in the last 165 years
0.76 degrees Celsius
The atmospheric composition of water vapour ranges from: ______ to ______%.
1 to 4%
There are two ways that deforestation increases the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere:
1. There are less trees able to do photosynthesis 2. Decomposing trees release the carbon that is stored within them. It returns to the atmosphere in the form of CO2
If the mean temperature on increases by _______%, there would be serious climate disruptions on Earth. These climatic disruptions include droughts, heat waves, and floods.
2
oxygen
21% of "air" (atmosphere) is _____ gas.
The burning of the forests releases _______________ into the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide
verbs
Words which express actions and states
The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + Solar energy --> Glucose + Oxygen (O2)
Methane gas is produced by
-Raising livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, etc.) -Distribution of natural gas -Manure storage -Decomposing household waste
The main greenhouse gases are
-Water vapour (H2O) -Carbon dioxide (CO2) -Methane (CH4) -Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas that is produced from
-applying nitrogen-rich fertilizer to farm crops -burning fossil fuels
What are the Sources of CFC
CFCs are synthetic. They were made for use as coolants in refrigerators, air conditioners and as propellants in hair spray. THEY ARE NOW BANNED BY MANY COUNTRIES but are still present over the poles
What are the processes for Reducing CO2 emissions:
Carbon dioxide levels can be lowered by using renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, hydropower and nuclear to create electricity. And personal choices such as reducing your carbon footprint by walking, car pooling or using mass transit, using less electricity by increasing the energy efficiency of appliances and redesigning buildings all count as well.
Gases that absorb thermal energy in the atmosphere.
Defininition of greenhouse gases
As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase, what happens to global temperature?
Global temperatures steadily increase
What units are used to measure GHGs?
Greenhouse gases are measured in ppm (parts per million) and ppb (parts per billion)
Once heated, the ground emits this type of energy back into the atmosphere.
Infrared energy (heat)
What are the Sources of CH4
Methane concentration increases because of manure from livestock like cattle, digging for oil and coal, organic decomposition in landfills, flooding of vegetation in reservoirs or in rice cultivation
What are the processes for Reducing CH4 emissions:
Methane levels can be reduced by capturing and using it for heating or electricity. Waste lagoons and landfills can be covered to trap the methane, which can then be burned to create the electricity.
Animals breathing, volcanic eruptions, natural fires, decay/ decomposition of dead organisms.
Natural sources of carbon dioxide
What are the processes for Reducing N2O emissions:
Nitrous oxide can be cleaned from car exhaust by using a catalytic converter. Switching to electric or hydrogen fuel cell cars also works
What are the Sources of N2O
Nitrous oxide comes from burning fossil fuels. Nitrous oxide also comes from the increased use of fertilizer (increased denitrification) in agriculture
non-renewable sources of energy
Non-renewable energy resources cannot be replaced - once they are used up, they will not be restored (or not for millions of years).
This chemical process removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and converts it into sugar.
Photosynthesis
carbon footprint
The _____ is given in "kg CO2 equivalent" and is a measure of the impact of our activities on the environment (esp. climate change). It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases produced in our everyday lives through burning fuels for electricity, heating, transportation.
A natural process that allows the Earth to retain some of the heat it receives from the sun.
The greenhouse effect
solar water heaters
The heat and light for the sun is absorbed by the black coloured tubes with water running through it, the water is then heated up and can be used around the house.
Carbon cycle
The movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back
atmosphere
The thin layer of gases surrounding a planet is called ____ .
What is the relationship between the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change?
Too much greenhouse gas in the air would lead to more trapping of heat and GLOBAL WARMING
This naturally occurring greenhouse gas varies depending on how humid it is.
Water vapour
Trees, plants, algae, and the ocean (dissolved into the ocean).
Ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere
gravity
Which force holds Earth's atmosphere in place?
helping verbs
added before another verb to make a verb phrase
How does Photosynthesis affect the CO2 levels in each season?
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS: removes carbon dioxide from the air for use by plants in making sugars (carbohydrates) and oxygen. Carbon dioxide levels can fluctuate with season- less in the summer months when there is a lot of leaves to photosynthesize. There is more carbon dioxide in winter when trees lose their leaves and do not photosynthesize.
Describe the steps of the GREENHOUSE Effect:
• Sunlight hits the surface of the earth. Sunlight is SHORT WAVELENGTH RADIATION • The surface of the earth ABSORBS the light and creates heat (gets hot) • The surface of the earth re-radiates that heat as LONG WAVELENGTH RADIATION OR INFRA RED RAYS • Greenhouse gases in the troposphere trap the outgoing infrared radiation, re-emitting them back towards the planet. This keeps the planet warm enough for life to exist. • Greenhouse gases RESONATE or vibrate when they trap heat. This is measured as temperature (the movement of molecules). • The results in global warming.
What are the 4 layers of the Earth's atmosphere in order of Increasing altitude?
•Troposphere (where weather happens) •Stratosphere (containing good ozone that traps UV rays) •Mesosphere (meteors burn up) •Thermosphere (traps gamma rays)
