Group Work

In a group, task roles

(all of the above) help solve problems, aid in terms of goal setting and keep the group focused, are seen as positive

Most experts would agree that an effective adult counseling group has ____ members

5 or 6 to 8

A group setting has a flexible arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that

A Latino male leader in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close together

You are working with mandated ex-offenders who do not want to be in your group and frankly, are a bit out of control. As a group leader who practices REBT you will most likely be

A Theory X leader

A counselor is screening clients for a new group at the college counseling center. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?

A first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic

Group specialists define "role conflict" as

A situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way he or she actually behave

Which theorist's work has been classified as a preface to the group movement?

Adler

The word dynamic means the group is

Always changing

A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that

An Asian American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together

In terms of group risks

An ethical leader will discuss them during the initial session with a client

A counselor is conducting a screening for clients who wish to participate in a counseling group that will meet Tuesday nights at his private practice office. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?

An extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker

The initial group stage has been called forming, orientation, or the preaffiliation stage. This stage is characterized by

Approach-avoidance behavior

According to the risky shift phenomenon, a group decision will

Be less conservative than the average group member's decision, prior to the group discussion

A leader who wishes to stop inappropriate discussion should rely on

Blocking

The final group stage (also called the termination stage) is geared toward

Breaking away

Groups can be open or closed. The two differ in that

Closed groups allow no new members after the group begins

Irvin Yalom is a famous existentialist therapist and a pioneer in the group movement. He suggested these four group stages: orientation, conflict, cohesion, and termination. In 1977 Tuckman and Jensen reviewed 25 years of research and came up with five stages: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Which stage in Tuckman and Jensen's paradigm is similar to Yalom's orientation stage?

Forming

Group norms

Govern acceptable behavior and group rules

The study of group operations is often called

Group dynamics

Prior to the 1960s most counseling took place

In a dyadic relationship

The term group therapy was coined in 1931 by

Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama

Which statement made by a group leader in a residential center for adolescents focuses on product rather than process?

Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for supplementary tokens

A major advantage of group work versus individual work is that

Members learn to give help in addition to receiving it and group sessions generally cost less (i.e., they are more economical) than individual counseling sessions

You are the leader of a counseling group which is meeting for the first session. You decide to institute an exercise where one group member will introduce another. The best technique would be

Pairing

Gerald Corey, who has written extensively on group therapy, believes ____ is necessary for an effective group leader

Participation in a therapeutic group and participation in a leader's group (even if the individual is well-educated and is licensed and certified)

Group members assume roles within a group. Which of the following is not a group role?

Reactive schizophrenia

Group leadership is often classified by three major leadership styles

The authoritarian or Theory X group leadership, democratic or Theory Y group leadership, and Laissez-faire or Theory Z group leadership

A group participant wants to drop out of a group. Since the group is "closed" ASGW ethics state that

The client must be allowed to withdraw

When comparing the autocratic democratic, and laissez faire styles

The democratic is the most desirable

"Group content" refers to material discussed in a group setting. "Group process" refers to

The manner in which discussions and transactions occur

Groups promote the concept of universality, which suggests that

We are not the only ones in the world with a given problem

Imagine that Carl Rogers is still alive today. You hire him to run a therapy group at your agency. The chances are his leadership style would best fit into the ______ category

Y Theory

Which statement made by a doctoral-level counselor is illustrative of a leader focused on process rather than product?

You wince whenever Jane raises her voice

An adept group leader will

a and b

Cohesiveness, or group unity, is desirable. It promotes bonding and a sense of "we-ness" between group members. When cohesiveness is strong, nevertheless, it also can be negative as

a and b

A group is classified as secondary. This implies that

a difficulty or disturbance is present

Some theorists object to the word unstructured in group work because

a group cannot not have structure

In some literature, group cohesiveness, or "we-ness," is known as

a group unity

Experts firmly believe that a common weakness in many groups is

a lack of goal setting

One distinct disadvantage of an open group is that

a member sho begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences

When a counselor reads the journals in this field, it becomes evident that

a researcher/practitioner split exists in group work

Group therapy initially flourished in the United States due to

a shortage of individual therapists during World War II

Group specialists define role conflict as

a situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way he or she actually behaves

A group with more than one leader is said to utilize coleaders. Coleadership is desirable because

all of the above

A group has

all of the above (a membership which can be defined. Some degree of unity and interaction. A shared purpose.

According to researchers, groups are effective

although researchers cannot pinpoint precisely why this is true

A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that

an Asian American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together

A counselor is conducting a screening for clients who wish to participate in a counseling group which will meet Tuesday nights at his private practice office. Which client would most likely be the product choice for a group member?

an extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker

A group member who insists on asking other members inappropriate questions is known as a Peeping Tom or

an interrogator

The initial group stage has been called forming, orientation, or the preaffiliation stage. This is characterized by

approach-avoidance behavior

In a healthy group, members

are flexible and can change roles

In the late 1930s researchers identified three basic leadership styles:

autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire

Although task roles and maintenance roles are indeed positive, the group can suffer if the group is not flexible and remains in one or the other role too long since

b and c

Self-serving or individual roles are negative inasmuch as

b and c

Group planning occurs

before the group begins and continues throughout the life of the group

A counselor suggests that her client join an assertiveness training group. Most assertiveness training groups are:

behavioristic and highly structured

A group therapist is constructing a diagram to better understand the dynamic between subgroups and members. This is called

charting a pictorial sociogram

The ACA and the ASGW division recommend screening for potential group members

for all groups

Group cohesiveness refers to

forces which tend to bind group members together

A female group member is obviously not participating. A group member playing the _____ is most likely to mention this and urge her to participate.

gatekeeper

The ____ may secretly wish that he or she was running the group

gatekeeper

Experts predict that in the future

group leaders will be more like life=skills trainers

Some theorists feel that group therapy differs from group counseling (which is also called an interpersonal problem-solving group) in that

group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group, would be of longer duration

The autocratic or authoritarian leader may give orders to the group, while laissez faire leader

has a hands-off policy and participates very little, with the group basically taking responsibility for itself

Maintenance roles, like task roles, are positive since such roles

help to maintain the group

One major disadvantage of a closed group versus an open group is that

if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members

A screening for group members can be done in a group or privately. Although private screening interviews are not as cost effective or as time efficient as group screening, many group leaders feel that private screening sessions are superior

in terms of counselor-client interaction

One advantage of group work is that a counselor can see more clients in a given period of time. One disadvantage is that a counselor can be too focused on group processes and

individual issues are not properly examined

Coleadership

is helpful when one leader is experiencing counter-transference

A group leader who utilizes an abundance of group exercises is

is running a structured group

One major advantage of a closed group versus an open group is

it promotes cohesiveness

Most experts would agree that an effective counseling group for children has

less members than an adult group

When a leader attempts to relate one person's predicament to another person's predicament, it is known as

linking

A group therapist must make

more decisions than an individual therapist

The number of people in an open group is generally

more stable than in a closed group

The follower goes along with whatever the rest of the group thinks. From a personality standpoint the follower is

nonassertive

Primary groups are

preventive and attempt to ward off problems

Coleadership

reduces burnout and helps ensure safety

Weight Watchers is a

self-help or support group, as is AA

The final stage suggested by theories of group stages generally deals with issues of

separation and termination

During the initial session of a group the leader explains that no smoking and no cursing will be permitted. This is known as

setting ground rules

Most experts would agree that overall

structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques

Some research demonstrates that

structured exercises with feedback early in the group serve to improve communication between group members

A group leader who asks each group member to recapitulate what he or she has learned during a given session is promoting

summarization, the act of briefly stating what has transpired or discussed

a group participant wants to drop out of a group. Since the group is "closed" most experts would agree that

the client is allowed to withdraw

When comparing the autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire styles,

the democratic, or what Sam Gladding called a facilitator, is the most desirable

A client would generally feel the most suspicious of others in

the group formation/exploratory stage

Group content refers to material discussed in a group setting. Group process refers to

the manner in which discussions and transactions occur

Group norms refer to

the range of acceptable behavior within the group

Everybody picks on

the scapegoat

Fights between subgroups and members showing rebellion against the leader generally occur in

the second stage known as the control stage or the transition stage

A hierarchy, or pecking order, among members occurs in

the stage of storming, also known as the power-control stage

When comparing a tertiary group with a primary or secondary group

the tertiary group is more likely to deal with severe pathology

A major group dynamic is group development. This is usually expressed in terms of

theories of group stages

Coleaders are apt to work at cross purposes when

they do not meet between group sessions

Most experts in the field of group counseling would agree that the most important trait for group members is the ability

to trust

T-groups often stress ways employees can express themselves in an effective manner. The "T" in T-groups merely stands for

training

When a group member is speaking, it is best for the counselor to

try to face the group member

Although the length of group counseling sessions will vary, most experts would agree that ____ is plenty of time even when critical issues are being examined

two hours per session

Strategies that approach the group as a whole are known as

vertical interventions