Growth and Development HESI EXIT

The nurse is teaching a mother about the developmental behaviors of a 7-month-old infant. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for further teaching?

I can leave my child with my new friend for some time

During physical examination of a 3-year-old child, the nurse finds that the child has only 15 teeth. Which foods should be included in the child's diet to promote tooth formation? Select all that apply.

Milk Boiled egg

Which type of play will help develop a leader-follower type of relationship?

Cooperative play

The student nurse is classifying four infants according to their gestational age. Which infant's information requires correction?

Infant 3

The nurse is counseling the parents of an adolescent child on the benefits of social development in the child's maturation process. Which statement by the nurse needs correction to convey an appropriate message to the parents?

Feelings of immortality in the child are undesirable and should be condemned

The nurse is providing dental hygiene to a toddler. Which action does the nurse perform to clean the toddler's back teeth?

The nurse tells the toddler to "roar like a lion."

A 4-year-old child is being treated for nephrotic syndrome. What assessment finding indicates that the child's condition is improving?

Urine specific gravity decreases

The nurse, caring for a 3-year-old child with meningitis, should be alert for which signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure? Select all that apply.

Vomiting Headache Irritability

A 2-month-old infant is being treated with sequential casts for bilateral clubfoot (talipes equinovarus). New casts have just been applied. What should the nurse evaluate to determine that circulation to the feet remains sufficient?

Warmth of the toes of both feet.

Which symptoms present in a child indicate Turner syndrome? Select all that apply.

Webbed neck Low position of posterior hairline Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples

While caring for a breastfeeding patient, the nurse instructs the patient to begin feeding the infant when the child is quiet and alert. The nurse observes that the infant begins fussing and crying. What behavior does the infant display?

Prefeeding behavior.

An adolescent who has had type 1 diabetes for 5 years stops adhering to the therapeutic regimen. In light of the client's developmental level, the nurse concludes that the behavior is a reflection of a:

Struggle for identity

Digoxin (Lanoxin) is prescribed for a 1-month-old infant. At the next clinic visit the nurse auscultates the apical pulse at 88 beats/min. What is the nurse's responsibility regarding this pulse rate?

Notifying the health care provider immediately.

The nurse is caring for an adolescent with dysmenorrhea. What medication does the nurse anticipate to be prescribed as the first line of treatment?

Ibuprofen

The nurse is measuring the body temperature of four neonates born at term in a pediatric health setting. Which neonate has normal body temperature?

Neonate 3

Considering Erikson's developmental theories, a 21-year-old male client who has sustained a spinal injury below the level of T6 will most likely have difficulty with:

Developing meaningful relationships

Why does the nurse recommend that parents give their child food rich in vitamin A

To help the child improve visual acuity

An infant is born with a cleft lip. What nursing intervention is unique to infants with cleft lip?

Using modified techniques for feeding.

What does the nurse inform the parent of an infant who is at risk for infections?

"Breastfeeding will provide protection against bacteria."

The parents of a child often try to persuade their preschooler to touch their pet dog because they want to reduce the child's fear of dogs. Instead, the child's fears and anxiety increase. What does the nurse suggest the parents do to help overcome their child's fear?

"Let the child watch other children playing with dogs

The parents of a toddler ask the nurse about the importance of play for a child. What is the best answer by the nurse?

"Play activities will help release the child's surplus of energy.

The nurse is assessing an 8-year-old child who suffers from encopresis. Which advice given by the nurse provides effective treatment for the child? Select all that apply.

"You should include cereals in your die You should drink lots of fluids." "You should eat fresh fruit for breakfast."

A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant's motor skills. Which skills does the nurse expect this infant to exhibit? Select all that apply.

Bears weight on hands when prone Turns from prone to supine position at will

The nurse is preparing to bathe a neonate born at 30 weeks gestation. Which practices by the nurse ensure the infant's safety? Select all that apply

Immerses the neonate fully (except the head) in the tub Measures the body temperature within 2 to 4 hours before giving the bath Uses cleansing agents with neutral pH and minimal dyes while giving the bath

The nurse is assessing the Apgar scores of four different newborns in a pediatric ward. Which child does the nurse anticipate is experiencing severe distress

Newborn A

A child undergoes tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for numerous recurrent respiratory tract infections. After the surgery, the nurse should teach the parents to:

Offer ice chips on which to suck.

A 5-year-old child is receiving dactinomycin (Cosmegen) and doxorubicin therapy after nephrectomy for Wilms tumor. What intervention should the nurse include when planning care?

Offering warm saline mouthwash

According to Piaget's cognitive development, what are the different stages of reasoning seen in a child? Select all that apply.

Sensorimotor Preoperationa Formal operational Concrete operationa

A 14-year-old girl in whom scoliosis has been diagnosed undergoes spinal fusion. On the first postoperative day her face is red, she is rigid, and she is crying because she is in pain. She has prescriptions for morphine sulfate for severe pain and an acetaminophen-codeine compound for moderate pain. What information should influence the nurse's choice of analgesic?

Spinal fusion causes considerable pain during the early postoperative days, and morphine is the more effective analgesic.

The nurse is teaching a parent group about the reason to adhere to the immunization schedule. What complication of mumps is important for adolescents to avoid?

Sterility.

While interacting with a 4-year-old child, the nurse observes that the child exhibits which behavior congruent with Piaget's cognitive development theory?

The child is unable to see things from others' perspectives

The parent of a school-age child tells the nurse, "Sometimes my child is fatigued in the morning." Upon assessment, the nurse finds that the blood and urine reports of the child are normal. What could be the possible cause of the child's fatigue?

The child often stays up late

When assessing the cognitive development of a 2-year-old-child, the nurse finds that the toddler exhibits global organization. Which behavior of the child supports the

The child refuses to sleep in his or her room because the location of the bed has changed.

After assessing a 2-year-old child, the nurse concludes that the child lacks physical readiness for toilet training. Which assessment finding supports the nurse's conclusion?

The child stays dry for 1 hour during the day.

The nurse is assessing head growth in a 7-month-old infant. The nurse observes that the rate of the growth has been 0.5 cm since the 6-month check-up. What does the nurse tell the parents about the child's development?

The child's head growth is normal."

The nurse is assessing a newborn and anticipates that the newborn has renal impairment. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion?

The newborn first voids after 76 hours.

While talking with a 4-year-old child a nurse notes that the child is shy and stutters. What should the nurse recall about stuttering in a 4-year-old child?

This is characteristic behavior in preschoolers

A child has been diagnosed with hemophilia type A after experiencing excessive bleeding from a minor trauma. The mother states that the toddler being seen for the trauma is very active and is difficult, constantly saying no. An appropriate response would be:

Toddlers are curious, trying to make decisions and be independent.

Because of a measles epidemic a 6-month-old infant receives measles immunoglobulin. The nurse should help the parents understand that to ensure continuous protection against measles the infant should be revaccinated around the age of:

12 months.

What birth weight of a neonate indicates a very low birth weight (VLBW) infant?

1300 g

The nurse observes that an infant has lost 5% of its body weight a few days after birth. Which reason does the nurse attribute to this weight loss?

Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment contraction

The nurse is assessing the development of a male child and finds that the child is tall, with deficient secondary sex characteristics and hypogenitalism. Which chromosomal notation is associated with the child's condition?

48,XXXY

Which roommate should the nurse manager assign to a 4-year-old boy who has been admitted to the pediatric unit with nephrotic syndrome?

5-year-old girl with thalassemia

A preschool-aged child is admitted to the pediatric unit for urinary diversion surgery. The ureters are transplanted to a section of the colon, with one end attached to the abdominal wall as an ileostomy. The parents ask the nurse for the name of the procedure. What is the nurse's response?

lleal conduit

The mother of an infant with Down syndrome asks the nurse what causes the disorder. Before responding, the nurse recalls that the genetic factor of Down syndrome results from:

Extra chromosomal materia

A nurse anticipates that a preschooler will perceive death as

Separation that is reversible

Which statement by the student nurse indicates an understanding about children who engage in associative play?

"Children play together and are engaged in a similar activity."

A 4-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome is being treated with corticosteroid therapy. While evaluating lab values and the intake and output results, the nurse expects to note a decrease in:

Proteinuria

A nurse plans care of 4-year-old hospitalized children on the basis of their developmental level. What is the major vulnerability of children this age?

Intrusive procedures

The nurse is assessing newborns 24 hours after birth in a pediatric health care setting. Which neonate requires priority action from the nurse?

Neonate 3

A nurse is caring for 3-year-old children. At what stage of cognitive thought does the nurse expect them to be?

Preconceptional

The nurse is helping an adolescent with iron-deficiency anemia make breakfast meal choices. Which foods should the nurse suggest?

Bowl of raisin bran

A parent and 4-year-old child who recently emigrated from Colombia arrive at the pediatric clinic. The child has a temperature of 102° F (38.8° C), is irritable, and has a runny nose. Inspection reveals a rash and several small, red, irregularly shaped spots with blue-white centers in the mouth. What illness does the nurse suspect?

Measles

A nurse is teaching a parent how to prevent accidents while caring for a 6-month-old infant. What ability should be emphasized with regard to the infant's motor development?

Rolls over.

A nurse is caring for an infant with a tentative diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). What is most important for the nurse to assess?

Signs of dehydration.

The nurse is giving nutritional counseling to the parents of an 8-month-old infant. Which statement does the nurse include in the counseling?

"Avoid peanuts and eggs in your baby's diet."

The parents inform the nurse that their child often engages in 'doctor play' with other kids, with an aim to learn more about the sexual organs. The parents have often expressed their disapproval to the child, but it has no effect on the child's behavior. What does the nurse suggest to the parents?

"Tell the child to talk about any questions related to sexuality.

A 7-year-old child with cystic fibrosis is receiving an intravenous antibiotic. The medication is supplied in a 125-mL bag of 0.45% sodium chloride. It is to be infused over 30 minutes. At what rate should the infusion pump be set to deliver the medication in the prescribed time? Express your answer as a whole number. ___ mL/hr

250

Which characteristics does the nurse observe in a patient who has secondary amenorrhea?

Absence of menstrual bleeding for three cycles after menarche

A child is born to a mother whose hepatitis B status is negative. While assessing the newborn, the nurse finds that the birth weight is 1.8 kg. Which action by the nurse is appropriate in this situation?

Administer HepB vaccine to the newborn 1 month after birth.

When assessing a neonate and mother after a vaginal delivery, the nurse finds that the neonate's blood group is B positive and mother's is AB negative. The nurse also finds that the mother is negative to Coombs' test. What is the appropriate intervention in this situation?

Administer RhoGAM intramuscularly to the mother within 72 hours of delivery.

During assessment, the nurse asks a patient about developmental milestones such as the age at which thelarche and menarche occurred. The nurse determines that the patient experienced pubertal delay. Which finding in the patient support

Breast development occurred by 15 years of age.

An adolescent who has had a leg amputated because of bone cancer begins to experience phantom limb sensations. How should the nurse respond when the client complains of pain and requests medication?

By acknowledging that the pain is real and administering medication to relieve it

An 8-year-old child is being prepared for surgery the next day. How should the nurse present preoperative instructions to this child?

By focusing on simple anatomical diagrams

A preschool child with a spinal cord injury will be on prolonged bedrest. The nurse explains to the parents that certain foods will be restricted to prevent complications associated with immobility. What food should be noted as restricted in the teaching plan?

Cheese

A nurse is obtaining the health history from the mother of a preschooler with Reye syndrome. The nurse should ask the mother if the child has recently had

Chickenpox

The nurse is assessing four 2 ½-year-old children in a pediatric center. Which child would require further assessment?

Child 3

While assessing a group of children, which child is underdeveloped according to the table?

Child D

After a preschooler undergoes craniotomy for the removal of a brain tumor, the nurse identifies an area of serosanguineous drainage about the size of a quarter on the child's dressing. What is the immediate response by the nurse?

Circling the area with nonabsorbable ink

What assessment finding should a nurse expect to note in a child with chronic hypoxia?

Clubbing of fingers

A woman and her children, who have not received immunizations for childhood diseases, immigrate to the United States. Before being immunized, one of the school-aged children contracts varicella (chickenpox). The nurse teaches the mother that varicella is:

Communicable until all vesicles are dry

A nurse is caring for a 4-week-old infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis who has been admitted to the child health unit for corrective surgery. What is the primary objective of preoperative care for this infant?

Correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

An infant is born with exstrophy of the bladder. The parents are concerned and confused when they are told that their infant will need surgery. What nursing intervention will best help the infant's parents?

Demonstrating the same manner of care for the infant as for other infants on the unit

Which is an inborn error of metabolism that affects growth and development?

Hunter syndrome

The registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about adhesives to be used for preterm infants. Which statement by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

I should secure pulse oximeter probes with elasticized dressing material.

Immediately after birth the newborn and mother were given the opportunity to bond. Now, on admission to the newborn nursery, it is noted that the infant has signs of respiratory distress, and transient tachypnea of the newborn is suspected. The nurse reviews the mother's obstetric history and takes the neonate's vital signs. In light of this information and the nursery routine, what is the most appropriate intervention by the nurse for this newborn?

Keep in overbed warmer.

A nurse is caring for an infant immediately after surgical repair of a cleft lip. What is the priority nursing action for this infant?

Keeping crying to a minimum.

A preschool-age boy has been restricted to bedrest since being admitted to the hospital. As he begins to recover, he becomes interested in playing. In light of his developmental level and activity restriction, what should the nurse provide for him?

Little cars and a shoebox garage

The parents of a school-aged child with fever, headache, and a stiff neck ask that the child be tested for meningitis. Which test should the nurse tell the parents is used to confirm the diagnosis of meningitis?

Lumbar puncture

The mother of a 4-week-old boy reports, "He cries all the time and always acts hungry, but he throws up everything. He looks like a skinny old man." In light of this information, what is the focus of the nurse's assessment?

Palpating the abdomen to confirm hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

A nurse is planning care for a school-aged child immediately after the application of a spica cast. What should the nurse include in the plan of care for the child?

Performing a neurovascular assessment of the legs

Which cardiac defects are associated with tetralogy of Fallot?

Right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, and overriding aorta.

A nurse is planning to teach activities of daily living to a developmentally disabled 3-year-old child. What activity should the nurse plan to teach to the child first?

Self-feeding

While assessing the development of an 8-month-old infant, the nurse finds that the infant is interested in playing with food, water, and sand. Which type of content play interests the child?

Sense-pleasure

A community nurse questions the parents of a child with chickenpox about relatives or friends who are undergoing specific prolonged medication therapy. What type of medication will put a person at risk if he or she is exposed to the varicella virus?

Systemic corticosteroid

A nurse administers albuterol to a child with asthma. For what common side effect should the nurse monitor the child?

Tachycardia

A nurse in the pediatric clinic is assessing an infant who had a revision of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. What clinical finding alerts the nurse that intracranial pressure has increased?

Tension of the anterior fontanel.

A 3½-year-old child begins to scream and kick when a laboratory technician arrives to draw blood. The nurse understands that this reaction primarily is a result of the child's:

Terror of intrusive procedures

A 5-year-old child is returned to the pediatric intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. The child has a left chest tube attached to water-seal drainage, an intravenous line running of D5½NS at 4 mL/hr, and a double-lumen nasogastric tube connected to continuous suction. A cardiac monitor is in place, as is a dressing on the left side of the chest dressing. What is the priority nursing intervention?

Testing the level of consciousness

Which behavior of a 3-year-old child indicates delayed development? Select all that apply.

The child is unable to feed himself. The child is unable to climb the stairs

The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old child's gross motor development. Which action by the child indicates late development?

The child is unable to stand by holding onto furniture.

While assessing the moral development of a child according to Kohlberg's theory, the nurse determines that the child is at the preconventional level of moral development. Which behavior led the nurse to this conclusion?

The child is very obedient and tries to avoid punishment from parents and teachers.

The parents of a school-age child tell the nurse, "We evade any questions about sex that our child asks us. It is very embarrassing to discuss such things with our child." What does the nurse inform the parents?

The child may speak with peers and get inaccurate information.

When assessing the cognitive development of a 2-year-old-child, the nurse finds that the toddler exhibits global organization. Which behavior of the child supports the nurse's conclusion?

The child refuses to sleep in his or her room because the location of the bed has changed.

Mebendazole (Vermox) is prescribed for a preschooler diagnosed with pinworms. For whom should this medication also be prescribed?

The child's immediate family members, even if they are free of symptoms

When assessing the reflexes of a 4-month-old infant, the nurse observes that the infant is extending an arm to the side while the head is turned. Which reflex does the nurse observe?

Tonic neck reflex

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which attribute plays an important role in the development of a healthy personality from birth to 1 year of age?

Trust versus mistrust

A mother whose infant was found to have cerebral palsy at 6 months of age asks why she was not told that her baby had cerebral palsy when the infant was born. How should the nurse respond?

Until there's control of voluntary movement a diagnosis can't be confirmed.

Which skill, if it cannot be performed by a 3-year-old child, should alert the nurse that the child may be developmentally delayed?

Using a spoon effectively

A nurse in the pediatric unit is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a 4-year-old child recovering from severe dehydration. Which results most accurately reflect the child's recovery?

pH 7.40, Po2 85 mm Hg, Pco2,40 mm Hg

The parents tell the nurse that their preschooler often awakes from sleep, screaming in the middle of the night. The preschooler is not easily comforted and screams if the parents try to restrain the child. What does the nurse instruct the parents?

"Intervene only if necessary to protect the child from injury."

A 3-year-old boy is found to have X-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neither parent has muscular dystrophy. Which statement indicates that the parents understand how the disorder is transmitted

"Our daughters may be carriers of the disease."

A nurse is caring for an infant who is to undergo surgery for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). The nurse explains to the parents that this type of surgery has a high success rate when the infant's physical status meets certain criteria. What specific criterion should be discussed with the parents?

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances are corrected.

What is the priority nursing intervention for an infant during the immediate postoperative period after surgical repair of a cleft lip?

Minimize crying.

A child with acute lymphoid leukemia is started on a chemotherapy protocol that includes prednisone. What side effect of this medication does the nurse anticipate?

Mood changes

Which formula is most preferable for a child who has lactose intolerance?

Soy-based formula

A nurse is trying to involve a hospitalized preschooler in therapeutic play. Why is this so important?

The child can work out ways of coping with fears

A nurse arrives at the scene of an accident and finds a 5-month-old infant unconscious. After performing the initial steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the nurse plans to locate the infant's pulse. Which pulse site in the accompanying figure should be palpated?

C (BRACHIAL PULSE)

A mother of a 7-year-old child complains to the nurse that her child wets the bed at night. Upon interaction with the child, the nurse learns that the child is afraid of the dark. What does the nurse recommend to the mother? Select all that apply.

Allow your child to keep a light on in the bedroom at night" Encourage your child to copy his siblings who sleep alone in their room.

A 1-month-old infant is fed breast milk exclusively. The parent asks the nurse if fluoride supplementation is required. What is the best response from the nurse?

"Fluoride supplementation may result in dental fluorosis."

The nurse is teaching health promotion tips to the mother of a 2-year-old child. During the follow-up visit, the nurse observes that the child has diarrhea and dental caries. Which action made by the parent is responsible for this condition?

"I give my child 8 ounces of fruit juice daily.

The nurse is teaching a mother about the developmental behaviors of a 7-month-old infant. Which statement by the mother indicates effective learning? Select all that apply.

"I should start oral hygiene in my child." I should call my child by her name "I should not leave the child with an unfamiliar relative.

The nurse is instructing the parents of a 6-month-old infant about sleeping patterns and the best sleeping positions for their child. Which instruction regarding sleep position is most important?

"Place the infant in a supine position for sleep."

The parents of a school-age child tell the nurse that their child is tall, broad, and very active in sports, and so they are planning to enroll the child for strenuous competitive athletics. What is the best response from the nurse?

"The child is not ready for strenuous activities

The mother of a 2-year-old girl expresses concern that her daughter's growth rate has slowed. What should the nurse explain to the mother about the growth of toddlers?

"This growth pattern is typical at this age."

A school-age child often steals money from home to buy chocolate. Upon being confronted by the parents, the child lies about stealing. The parents are worried that such behavior will steer the child towards criminal activities later in life. What is the best response from the nurse?

"Use admonition and ask the child to return the stolen money.

When a nurse brings a dinner tray to a 4-year-old child hospitalized with pneumonia, the child says, "I'm too sick to feed myself." What is the best response by the nurse?

"Wait a few minutes, and I will be back to help you."

An IV catheter is to be inserted into a 3-year-old toddler's peripheral vein. As local topical anesthetic is applied, the toddler starts to cry and asks whether the insertion is going to hurt. How should the nurse respond?

"Yes, it may hurt, but not for very long."

What does the nurse expect the primary health care provider (PCP) to advise the parents after their child is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder?

"You may need to use a donor egg or sperm for future children.

. The nurse is teaching safe transportation techniques to the parents of a baby who are from a low economic background. Which advice given by the nurse is appropriate?

"You should place the baby's car seat in the rear-facing position in the back seat."

A breastfeeding parent asks the nurse if the use of herbal medicines will increase breast milk supply. What is the best response from the nurse?

"You should speak to your doctor.

During a follow-up visit, the mother of a 10-month-old infant says, "My child lifts one foot to take a step, stands by holding the furniture, but does not attempt to stand alone without support, and walks while holding onto a hand." What is the accurate nursing response in this situation?

"Your child should be able to stand alone in another 2 months.

A nurse is making room assignments on the pediatric unit. Who is the best choice of roommate for a 10-year-old boy with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

An 11-year-old boy who has undergone splenectomy

Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory does the nurse observe in a 3-year-old child?

Anal stage

A nurse is reviewing the health history and laboratory report of a child with lead poisoning. What complications does the nurse expect in relation to lead toxicity? Select all that apply.

Anemia, Proteinuria Encephalopathy

A child is frightened and refuses to use the toilet after watching a television commercial that shows the toilet bowl turning into a monster and swallowing the person using it. Which behavior does the child exhibit?

Animism

While playing with a toy car a toddler accidentally hits the wall and falls down. The toddler then gets angry at the wall for making him fall. Which characteristic of preoperational thought does this behavior indicate?

Animism

A 9-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a tentative diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). What early signs and symptoms of leukemia does the nurse expect to identify? Select all that apply:

Anorexia/ Limb pain/ Splenomegaly.

The nurse is educating the mother of an 8-year-old female about the sequences of maturational changes. Which response by the mother indicates effective learning?

Appearance of breast buds is an initial indication of puberty

After assessing a 1-year-old child, the nurse concludes that the child has normal development. Which finding supports the nurse's nate with a body weight of 4.4 lbs. What dose does the nurse administer to the neonate each day? Record your answer in milligrams using a whole number. _______ mg

120 mg

A 6-month-old infant is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of failure to thrive. The birthweight was 7 lb. Judging from growth and development charts, how many pounds does the nurse conclude that the infant should weigh?

14

After assessing a newborn infant, the nurse finds that the infant has a heart rate of 90 beats/minute, irregular respirations with a weak cry, limp extremities, sneezing reflex, and a completely pink body. What would be the Apgar score of the child? Record your answer using a whole number. ______

6.

What body weight is a normal finding in a 1-year-old infant whose birth weight was 3.2 kg? Record your answer to the nearest tenth of a kilogram. _____________

9.6

During assessment, the nurse asks a patient about developmental milestones such as the age at which thelarche and menarche occurred. The nurse determines that the patient experienced pubertal delay. Which finding in the patient supports the nurse's conclusion?

Breast development occurred by 15 years of age.

How can a nurse teach a preschooler about medical interventions most effectively?

By initiating therapeutic play

The nurse is assessing a newborn immediately after birth. Which finding indicates normal development in a newborn?

A body weight of 3500 g

The nurse is teaching an adolescent about the different methods of contraception. Which statement made by the adolescent indicates a need for further teach

A diaphragm is a soft rubber dome with a firm but pliable rim

A 4-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome has repeated relapses. As the child gets older, what is the most important attribute for the child to develop?

A positive body image

Which finding indicates that a newborn has vernix caseosa

Cheese-like substance on the skin

The nurse is explaining to the mother of two teenage children why her daughter's height is comparatively less than her son's height. What is the reason for lower overall height in girls compared to boys?

Closure of epiphyses due to estrogen secretion

A nurse in the pediatric clinic should be most observant for signs of cerebral palsy in a 6-month-old infant who was born:

During the 32nd week of gestation

Which of the following are congenital anomalies or birth defects seen in children? Select all that apply.

Dysplasias Disruptions Deformations Malformations

A nurse is caring for a preschooler who is being prepared for surgery. What does the nurse expect to have the most influence on the child's response to hospitalization?

Fear of bodily harm

The nurse observes that there is plaque on the child's teeth. There are also signs of simple gum inflammation. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the child?

Gingivitis

A worried parent informs the nurse, "My 6-year-old is otherwise healthy but still wets the bed at night." The nurse is teaching the parent necessary steps to manage the child's nocturnal enuresis. Which statement made by the parent indicates effective learning? Select all that apply.

I should avoid giving my child fruit juice after 4:00 pm." "I should encourage my child to drink lots of water during the day." "I should wake my child at the same time every night to use the bathroom

The nurse is caring for an infant who has been prescribed nystatin (Mycostatin). The nurse teaches the mother how to prevent aggravation of oral thrush. Which statements by the mother indicate the need for further teaching?

I should boil the pacifier for at least 20 minutes on alternate days." "I should apply the medication at least 20 minutes before feeding." "I should boil the reusable nipples for at least 5 minutes after washing."

The nurse finds that a 2-year-old child has impaired fine motor skills. The nurse recommends toys that will be beneficial for the child. Which statement by the child's parents needs correction?

I should provide battery-operated cars.

The nurse is preparing to bathe a neonate born at 30 weeks gestation. Which practices by the nurse ensure the infant's safety? Select all that apply.

Immerses the neonate fully (except the head) in the tub Measures the body temperature within 2 to 4 hours before giving the bath Uses cleansing agents with neutral pH and minimal dyes while giving the bath

A preschool-aged child admitted with Reye syndrome will most likely be placed

In the intensive care unit

Which behavior does the nurse expect when observing a 5-month-old infant?

Picking up a toy and putting it in the mouth

What concept of death should a nurse expect a 4-year-old child to have?

Reversible separation

The parents of a preschooler inform the nurse that their child often develops diarrhea and ask if there might be anything wrong with the child's stomach. Upon assessment, the nurse also finds that the child has poor oral care and is at risk for dental caries. What is the most probable cause for the child's health issues?

The child consumes excessive amounts of fruit juice.

The parents inform the nurse that their child is often seen daydreaming. What does the nurse inform the parents?

The child is exhibiting normal behavior seen in children.

While assessing a stool sample from an infant, the nurse finds that the infant has passed golden-colored stool. What does the nurse interpret from this finding?

The infant is breastfeeding

A nurse provides clapping, percussion, and postural drainage every 4 hours for a 3-month-old infant with cystic fibrosis. When is the best time for the nurse to schedule chest physiotherapy?

Two hours after feedings.

What is most important for the nurse to include in the plan of care to best meet the needs of a neglected 6-month-old infant?

Provide consistent caregivers who will provide stimulation that is moderate and purposeful.

The nurse observes that a school-age child does not have proper oral hygiene and, therefore, is at an increased risk for oral problems. The parents tell the nurse that the child brushes teeth independently. What does the nurse suggest to the parents?

Help the child with brushing and flossing."

Which interventions does the nurse implement to empower a family who has a child with Down syndrome? Select all that apply.

Help the family recognize the possible stressors. Encourage the use of problem-solving strategies Refer the family to support groups and Internet resources

The nurse is preparing the diet plan for a child whose body mass index (BMI) is 29. Which instructions included in the child's diet plan will be beneficial? Select all that apply.

Provide low-fat milk Avoid carbonated drinks Increase the intake of leafy greens

A nurse is explaining the myringotomy procedure to an infant's parents. The nurse mentions that the incision:

Provides immediate relief of pressure in the middle ear.

After assessing a 1-year-old child, the nurse concludes that the child has normal development. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion?

The child's toes hyperextend when the nurse strokes the heel upward across the foot

The nurse is planning care for a preschooler with Kawasaki disease. Which intervention should the nurse plan to implement?

Administering intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) as prescribed

A 9-month-old infant has been prescribed iron supplements. The nurse teaches the infant's parents the measures to follow. During follow-up visits, the nurse observes that the iron deficiency anemia in the infant has not improved despite the treatment regimen. Which action of the parents does the nurse expect to be the reason for the lack of improvement?

Administering iron supplements with whole cow's milk

A mother complains to the nurse that her 4-year-old child partially awakens from sleep, sweats profusely, and screams in the night. What is the best nursing action in this situation?

Advise the mother to observe her child for a few minutes until the child is calm

During physical examination of a 3-year-old child, the nurse finds that the child has only 15 teeth. Which foods should be included in the c ct all that apply

Allow your child to keep a light on in the bedroom at night" "Encourage your child to copy his siblings who sleep alone in their room."

A community health nurse discusses with a group of parents in the well-baby clinic the appropriate car restraints to be used for children. The nurse determines that one of the parents understands the teaching about car restraints for newborns when the parent says that infants should be buckled into an infant car seat and that the car seat must be in the:

Back seat, facing backward.

An adolescent with leukemia is to be given a chemotherapeutic agent that is known to cause nausea and vomiting. When is the best time for the nurse to administer the prescribed antiemetic?

Before each dose

A nurse is admitting a 4-year-old child to the pediatric unit and making plans to help the child adjust to the unit. The nurse understands that a 4-year-old child's greatest fear related to hospitalization is a fear of:

Bodily harm

The nurse assesses a patient and determines that she has achieved thelarche. What clinical finding prompted the nurse's report?

Appearance of breast buds

A nurse is planning an initial home care visit to a mother who has given birth to a high-risk infant. At what time of day should the nurse schedule the visit for it to be most productive

At a time that will be convenient for the family.

A nurse is assessing an infant for developmental dysplasia of the hip. How does the nurse identify the Ortolani sign?

Audible click on hip manipulation.

While assessing the development of a child, the nurse finds that the child is imitating the actions of her elders. Which stage, according to Erickson's developmental theory, does the nurse expect the child is in?

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

The nurse is caring for an infant undergoing laser therapy for port-wine stain. Which instruction does the nurse give to the infant's parents?

Avoid any trauma to the lesion by picking at the scab during the therapy.

What is the priority nursing intervention for a school-aged child with lead poisoning who is undergoing chelation therapy?

Careful monitoring of intake and output

During a clinical assessment, what secondary sex characteristics does the nurse observe in a teenage patient? Select all that apply.

Change in voice Development of facial hair

After several episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting, a 5-month-old infant is admitted with a tentative diagnosis of intussusception. What assessment should the nurse document that will aid confirmation of the diagnosis?

Characteristics of stools.

Which finding indicates that a newborn has vernix caseosa?

Cheese-like substance on the skin

The nurse observes bleeding into the subgaleal compartment upon reviewing a child's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. What other conditions should the nurse evaluate in the child? Select all that apply.

Decreased platelet level Decreased hematocrit levels

The nurse observes bleeding into the subgaleal compartment upon reviewing a child's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. What other conditions should the nurse evaluate in the child? Select all that apply

Decreased platelet levels Decreased hematocrit levels

What action should be included in the nursing care of an infant with increased intracranial pressure?

Elevating the head higher than the hips.

After reviewing the laboratory reports of a 3-month-old infant, the nurse confirms hyponatremia in the infant. Which statement from the infant's parent supports the nurse's confirmation?

"I give my child purified water in the afternoon."

While interacting with a preschooler, the nurse asks the child about the loss of a grandparent. Which statement made by the child should the nurse document in the records?

"I know Superman can get my grandma back soon.

Upon interacting with the parent of an 8-month-old infant, the nurse anticipates that the infant is at risk of childhood obesity. Which statement from the parent supports the nurse's assumption?

"I often give my child potato chips."

The nurse is caring for an infant who has been prescribed nystatin (Mycostatin). The nurse teaches the mother how to prevent aggravation of oral thrush. Which statements by the mother indicate the need for further teaching? Select all that apply.

"I should boil the pacifier for at least 20 minutes on alternate days." "I should apply the medication at least 20 minutes before feeding." "I should boil the reusable nipples for at least 5 minutes after washing."

A 4-year-old child who barely survived a near-drowning episode is in critical condition in the pediatric intensive care unit. Suddenly the child opens her eyes and smiles, prompting a parent to say to the nurse, "Look! I think she'll get better now." What is the best response by the nurse?

"We're doing everything we can to promote recovery."

During a follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the adolescent uses artificial tanning methods and has phototoxic reactions on the skin. What is the nurse's best response?

"You should wear goggles if you insist on using the tanning booth.

A community health nurse makes a home visit to a disabled 13-year-old client who has a 6-month-old infant sister. The infant lies quietly in her crib and rarely smiles or vocalizes; it appears that the infant barely has her basic needs met. What is the nurse's most appropriate intervention?

Determine if there is anyone who can help with chores and the infant's care

How many teeth does a 10-month-old infant usually have? Record your answer using a whole number.

10 − 6 = 4

A nurse prepares to administer prednisone to a 4-year-old child who weighs 48 lb. The dose for children is 2 mg/kg/day in four divided doses. How much prednisone should the nurse administer for one dose? Round your answer to nearest whole number. ___ mg

11

The nurse administers a second dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) to a 4-month-old child. When does the child receive the third dose of IPV?

14 to 18 months of age

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 2-year-old child and records the child's height as 90 cm. What would be the estimated height of the child as an adult? Record your answer using a whole number. ______ cm

180 cm.

A nurse in the pediatric clinic is evaluating a 6-year-old child with sickle cell anemia whose spleen autoinfarcted by age 4. What is the priority nursing care at this time?

Determining parental knowledge about infection

A 21-year-old male client sustains a spinal injury at the level of T5. Which developmental task will be most difficult for this client to achieve?

Developing meaningful relationships

Considerations in caring for an infant who is failing to thrive (FTT) should include: select all that apply

Dietary history Signs of malnutrition Familial stress factors Parent and infant interaction Sustained growth under 5th percentile

A newborn has been found to have with developmental dysplasia of the hips and is placed in a Pavlik harness. The parents have been instructed that the infant is to wear the appliance full time except for bathing. What additional instruction should the nurse give the parents about the harness?

Avoid using the legs to lift the infant's buttocks when changing the diaper at bath time.

A community health nurse makes a home visit to the mother of a 13-year-old boy who is disabled and has three siblings younger than 6 years. The nurse observes that the 6-month-old sister lies quietly in her crib, rarely smiles or vocalizes, and barely has her basic needs fulfilled. What is the priority nursing action?

Discussing options for childcare assistance with the mother.

After assessing a neonate who was delivered using forceps immediately after birth, the nurse confirms facial paralysis. Which information does the nurse provide to the mother?

Don't panic; it will resolve within a few days.

A 4-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric unit for a tonsillectomy. During preoperative planning a nurse reviews the child's laboratory report. Which lab value is of most significance in this situation?

Coagulation studies

What nursing assessment best indicates the magnitude of fluid loss in an infant with gastroenteritis and diarrhea?

Comparing the infant's pre-illness and current weights.

Which solid food can be given to a 6-month-old infant?

Crackers or Zwieback

The parents of a 4½-year-old child are concerned about the effects of hospitalization on the child. Which behavior should the nurse expect the child to exhibit?

Crying when the parents leave and return but not during their absence

While caring for a pregnant patient with body mass index of 32 during labor, the nurse observes that the second stage of labor lasts for about 11 minutes. The nurse also finds that the expected birth weight of the fetus is around 4200 g. Which complication does the nurse anticipate in the neonate after birth?

Erb palsy

A school-aged child admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of status asthmaticus appears to be improving. What is the most objective way for the nurse to evaluate the child's response to therapy?

Evaluating the child's peak expiratory flow rate A newborn's immunization program is started. While discussing the immunization schedule for the first 6 months with the parents, the nurse informs them that infants usually are not immunized against: Measles

A 3-year-old child feels a sense of rivalry with his father and wants him to die. Shortly after these feelings emerge, the child's father dies in a road accident. The child then begins to feel intense guilt, believing that he caused the death. What is the best nursing intervention in this situation?

Explain to the child that wishes do not make things happen

The nurse is caring for a school-aged child with cystic fibrosis. Which pathophysiologic factor has the greatest impact on the child's health status and is of priority in the care pla?

Extremely thick mucus causes obstructed airways.

The nurse teaches a mother about the dietary measures to be followed for her 5-month-old infant. During the follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the child has indigestion. Which action by the mother is responsible for this situation?

Feeding mashed sweet potatoes to the child

Which observation during a developmental appraisal of a 6-month-old infant is most important to the nurse in light of a diagnosis of hydrocephalus?

Head lag.

A child visits the pediatric clinic for a 6-week checkup after an adenoidectomy. The nurse should evaluate the child's ability to:`

Hear

A school nurse is conducting audiometric screening to assess students for:

Hearing acuity

The parents of a toddler who has been admitted to the pediatric unit for surgery to correct hypospadias ask the nurse when this defect happened. The nurse responds that it usually occurs during fetal development, in the:

First 12 weeks

A school-aged child is admitted to the pediatric unit with hypertensive acute glomerulonephritis (AGN). In addition to hydralazine (Apresoline), what medication does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed initially?

Furosemide (Lasix)

The mother of 10-year-old twin boys tells the nurse in the pediatric clinic that she is concerned because the boys want to spend all their time with their father. What is the best response regarding this behavior?

Gender identification is natural at this age.

The nurse is teaching the parents of an 8-month-old infant about oral hygiene in infants. Which action by the parents indicates the need for further teaching?

Giving honey-coated pacifiers to the child

A pale, lethargic 1-year-old infant weighs 28 lb (12.6 kg) and has a hemoglobin level of 9 g/dL. The parent tells the nurse that the infant refuses solid food when it is offered by spoon and drinks between four and six full bottles of milk per day. What should the nurse recommend?

Giving the infant finger foods such as dry cereal and chopped meat.

The nurse observes dental caries in an 8-month-old infant. Which action of the parents is likely responsible for this condition?

Giving the infant fruit juice with a bottle

A 4½-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with a fractured tibia. Which type of fracture is most common in children of this age?

Greenstick

Which is a characteristic of the glands that secrete a thick substance in response to emotional stimulation and become odoriferous due to bacterial action?

Grow in conjunction with axillary hair follicles

The nurse is examining a teenage patient who has a gawky, long-legged appearance. What is the sequence of growth changes that lead to this characteristic early adolescent appearance?

Growth of the neck, hands, and legs in length Increase in the breadth of the hips and chest Increase in the width of the shoulders Increase in the length of the trunk Increase in the depth of the chest

A nurse in the pediatric unit is admitting an 8-year-old child with asthma after an exacerbation at home. The child is short of breath. In what position should the child be placed to facilitate breathing and to promote respiratory drainage?

High Fowler

The nurse is applying skin ointment to acne lesions on a patient who has recently reached puberty. What does the nurse anticipate as the cause for the extensive acne?

Highly active sebaceous glands in "flush areas" of the body

An 11-year-old child who recently returned from a camping trip reports chills, fever, and a headache and is taken to the clinic by the parents. What is most important for the nurse to assess initially during the child's history and physical examination? Select all that apply:

History of allergies/ Duration of clinical findings

A nurse in the pediatric clinic is teaching the parents of preschool children with asthma about allergens, such as insects, that contribute to asthmatic episodes. What insect or arthropod is the most common allergen for children prone to asthma?

Household cockroach

A 15-year-old adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit in ketoacidosis with a blood glucose level of 170 mg/dL. The adolescent has a history of fluctuating blood glucose readings and difficulty adhering to the therapeutic regimen. A continuous insulin infusion is started. What reaction to the infusion is most important for the nurse to monitor?

Hypokalemia

Monitoring vital signs, particularly the blood pressure and the rate and quality of the pulse, is essential in detecting physiological adaptations in a preschool child with nephrotic syndrome. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse be able to detect from these vital signs?

Hypovolemia

During follow-up visits, the nurse informs the mother of a 3-month-old infant how to feed the infant expressed milk. Which statements by the mother indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.

I can express milk by hand or with a breast pump." "I can store expressed milk in the refrigerator for 5 days."

The nurse is teaching health promotion techniques to the parents of a 5-year-old child. During the follow-up visit, the nurse anticipates that the child has a risk of muscle injury due to overuse. Which statement by the parent supports the nurse's opinion?

I make my child exercise 3 hours per day."

A 6-week-old infant and his mother arrive in the emergency department in an ambulance. The father arrives several minutes later with two children, 7 and 9 years old. The infant is not breathing, and the eventual diagnosis is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The parents take turns holding the infant in another room. The nurse remains present and provides emotional support to the parents. What is an important short-term goal for this family?

Including the infant's siblings in the events and grieving in the wake of the infant's death.

What growth changes are observed in a male patient during adolescence? Select all that apply.

Increase in length of vocal cords by 0.4 inch Uncontrollable shifting of the voice from deep to high tones

A 1-year-old infant has been admitted with a tentative diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. A lumbar puncture is performed to confirm the diagnosis. What laboratory report on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) supports this diagnosis?

Increased protein level.

A mother brings her 6-month-old infant to the emergency department with a 3-day history of gastroenteritis. What priority intervention does the nurse anticipate?

Insertion of an intravenous catheter.

What age-related fear should the nurse expect when preparing a 4-year-old child for surgery?

Intrusive procedures

A 15-year-old adolescent is admitted with partial- and full-thickness burns of the arms and upper torso. What are the purposes of administering pain medication by way of the intravenous route rather than the intramuscular route? Select all that apply.

It decreases the risk of tissue irritation Severe pain is reduced more effectively. Impaired peripheral circulation is bypassed.

A nurse is preparing to give a 3-year-old toddler an intramuscular injection, and the child starts to cry. What is the most therapeutic approach for the nurse to take?

It's all right to cry as loud as you want, but don't move."

While assessing a term infant a few hours after birth, the nurse finds a body temperature of 95.5° F. What does the nurse do in this situation?

Keep the infant in a double-walled incubator for a few hours

A nurse is teaching the parents of an 8-year-old child with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes about their child's care. What significant complication associated with type 1 diabetes should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

Ketoacidosis

An infant has been vomiting after each feeding. Physical assessment reveals poor skin turgor, a sunken anterior fontanel, and tremors. The infant's acid-base balance is outside the expected range. What does the nurse suspect as the cause of this imbalance?

Loss of chloride ions through vomiting.

The nurse is teaching parents about the side effects of immunization vaccines. What expected side effect associated with the Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) vaccine should the nurse include in the teaching?

Low-grade fever

The parents of an infant ask a nurse why their baby is not receiving the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at the same time that other immunizations are being given. What explanation should the nurse give about why the MMR vaccine is administered at 12 to 15 months of age?

Maternal antibodies provide immunity for about 1 year.

The nurse is teaching hygiene practices to a 16-year-old patient who has recently had her first menstrual flow. Under which phase of development does the nurse classify the patient?

Middle adolescence

The primary health care provider instructs the nurse to apply an emollient to an infant. During assessment, the nurse finds that the neonate is preterm and has a body weight of 900 g. Which is the appropriate nursing intervention in this situation?

Monitor for coagulase-negative staphylococcus infection.

A nurse is caring for an infant who has just undergone myelomeningocele repair. What should the nursing plan of care include?

Monitoring for cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

Which aspects of the "self" do children assess while forming an evaluation of their self-esteem? Select all that apply

Moral worth Competence Sense of control Worthiness of love

A 1-month-old infant with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) is examined in the cardiology clinic. What sign related to this disorder does the nurse expect to find when assessing this infant?

Murmur at the left sternal border.

While teaching parents about the developmental milestones of a 15-month-old child, the nurse informs the parents about various activities that their child should be able to do. Which statement of the parent indicates effective learning?

My child can creep up stairs and kneel without support."

A nurse is caring for a child with the diagnosis of lead poisoning. For which problem should the nurse assess the child initially?

Neurological injury caused by the ingestion of lead.

n infant with a diagnosis of failure to thrive has been receiving enteral feedings for 3 days. All feedings have been retained, but the skin and mucous membranes are dry and the infant has lost weight. What should the nurse do first in light of these findings?

Notify the practitioner.

While assessing an infant, the nurse finds the presence of white, adherent patches on the tongue, palate, and inner aspects of the cheeks. The mother also states that the infant is refusing to suck the milk. Which medication does the nurse expect to be prescribed?

Nystatin (Mycostatin

A child watches an older sibling playing with a ball, but makes no effort to participate in the play. What social character of play is the child exhibiting?

Onlooker play

A nurse is caring for a child with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. What clinical findings does the nurse anticipate when assessing the child? Select all that apply.

Pallor Fatigue Multiple bruises

The nurse is assessing the development of a child and observes family photographs of the child. The nurse finds that the child participates in play as seen in the image. Which type of play interaction does the child participate in as depicted in the image?

Parallel play

When assessing a child's reflexes, the nurse places the child in the prone position and presses a thumb along the child's spine from sacrum to neck. The nurse finds that the child starts crying and urinates while flexing the extremities. Which reflex is the nurse assessing in the child?

Perez reflex

Which fine motor skill will be seen in a 10-month-old infant?

Picking up finger foods

The parents of a preschooler tell the nurse that they try to inculcate good eating habits by asking the child to be at the table until the "plate is clean." What condition is the child at risk for?

Poor eating habits

What findings should a nurse expect when examining the laboratory report of a preschooler with rheumatic fever?

Positive antistreptolysin titer

What is the priority nursing action for an infant after the surgical repair of a cleft lip?

Preventing crying.

What is the most important nursing care for infants with eczema?

Preventing secondary infection.

A nurse in the pediatric clinic is teaching a mother how to care for her infant who has eczema. What is most important for the nurse to teach the mother?

Preventing secondary infections.

A parent is worried about the infant's excessive dependence on nonnutritive sucking. Which intervention will help decrease this dependence?

Prolonging the feeding time

The nurse is caring for a child who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which changes in the child's classroom will be beneficial? Select all that apply.

Providing breaks frequently at regular intervals Writing instructions on the blackboard after verbalization Scheduling academic subjects for times when the child is under the effect of medication

What are the different patterns of physical development and maturation of neuromuscular functions in a child? Select all that app

Proximodistal Cephalocaudal Differentiation

What are the different patterns of physical development and maturation of neuromuscular functions in a child? Select all that apply

Proximodistal Cephalocaudal Differentiation

A toddler wearing a diaper is impatient with the wet diaper and shows a desire to have it changed. Which toilet training readiness does this behavior indicate

Psychological readiness

The nurse finds that a child has developed the qualities of independence, self-control, and self-governance. Which type of development does the nurse anticipate in the toddler?

Psychosocial development

Which physiologic functions decrease in response to certain pubertal changes? Select all that apply.

Pulse rate Basal heat production

Which screening report will help the nurse determine skeletal growth in a child?

Radiographs of the hand and wrist

A child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. What is the priority need that must be included in the nursing plan of care for this child?

Rest.

The parents of a preschooler are worried, as the child is often seen talking to imaginary friends. The parents admit that they often scold the child for such behavior. What does the nurse inform the parents?

The behavior is normal at this age and it will help counter loneliness.

The nurse is teaching the mother of a 2-year-old child teeth brushing techniques to ensure proper oral hygiene. Which action made by the mother indicates the need for further teaching?

Rinsing the mouth after brushing with a fluorinated gel

A 15-year-old adolescent with Down syndrome is scheduled for surgery. The parents inform the nurse that their child has a mental age of 8 years. At what age level should the nurse prepare the child's preoperative teaching plan?

School-age, because this is the child's developmental age

The nurse finds that an adolescent has a tattoo on the neck and piercings on the ear and eyebrow. During the next visit, the nurse finds that the adolescent has an additional tattoo on right upper arm and another piercing on the nose. What are the priority nursing interventions in this situation? Select all that apply.

Screen the adolescent for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Schedule an appointment for administering the hepatitis vaccine.

What are the different stages of cognitive development in an infant as described by Piaget? Select all that apply.

Separation Using symbols Object permanence

The nurse is teaching the mother of 24-month-old child effective ways of cleaning the toddler's teeth. Which actions facilitate access to the child's mouth and help stabilize the child's head for comfort? Select all that apply.

Sitting on a couch or bed with the child's head resting in the mother's lap Using one hand to hold the child's chin and the other to brush the teeth Sitting on the floor or a stool with the child's head resting between her thighs

A nurse is planning home care for a 6-month-old infant who has just been placed in a hip spica cast. What should the nurse emphasize to the parents about cast cleanliness?

The cast edges in the perineal area should be covered with plastic wrap.

Children's patterns of play change as they grow from infancy through school-age. Rank the order of appearance of each type of play, starting with infant play:

Solitary/ Parallel/ Associative/ Cooperative

Which reflex does the nurse assess in a newborn to determine auditory ability?

Startle reflex

Which instruction does the nurse give to the parents to help their child get accustomed to a new babysitter?

Stay close and allow the child to observe the babysitter."

The diabetic parent of a school-age child receives home care education for diabetes. The parent needs to take multiple medications. Which instruction does the nurse give for the child's safety?

Store medications away from the child's reach

A 4-month-old infant is admitted to the pediatric unit with severe tachypnea, flaring of the nares, wheezing, and irritability. The parents are told that the child has bronchiolitis and needs to be hospitalized for observation and treatment. While assessing the infant, the nurse determines that the infant is in respiratory failure. What clinical finding supports the nurse's conclusion?

Sudden absence of breath sounds.

The nurse instructs parents to avoid placing their infant in a prone position while sleeping. Which risk does the nurse seek to prevent with this instruction?

Sudden infant death syndrome

A 4-year-old child returns from cardiac catheterization that was performed through the groin area. In what position should the nurse place the child during the immediate postoperative period?

Supine, with the bed flat

To prevent skin breakdown on the scalp of an infant with hydrocephalus, how should the nurse position the infant?

Supine, with the head elevated about 45 degrees.

The American parents of an adopted Spanish preschooler inform the nurse that the child often stutters while speaking. Upon assessment, the nurse finds that there is no hearing impairment, brain injuries, or developmental disorders in the child. What does the nurse suspect is the cause for the stuttering?

The change in language exposure has caused stuttering.

After assessing the behavior of a 3-year-old child, the nurse concludes that the child is slow to warm up. Which behavior helps the nurse reach this conclusion?

The child adapts gradually to a new environment with repeated contact

When assessing the development of a school-age child, the nurse concludes that the child has normal development according to Fowler's spiritual development theory. Which behavior helped the nurse reach this conclusion?

The child believes God will punish bad behavior and reward good behavior

A child who has persistent inattentive behavior is prescribed methylphenidate hydrochloride. Which behavior indicates that the child needs further treatment?

The child experiences difficulty keeping school supplies organized

The nurse observes that a child fails to make eye contact and has poor impulse control. Upon further assessment, the nurse finds that the parent is an alcoholic and often neglects the child. What can be said about the child?

The child has developed reactive attachment disorder (RAD).

The nurse is assessing a newborn whose parents are Asian. The nurse finds that the child has irregular, deep-blue pigmentation on the gluteal regions. What does the nurse interpret from these findings?

The child has mongolian spots

A school-age child is mostly at home after school and gets engrossed in video games. Once a week, the child engages in swimming activity. The child's family also often orders fast food from restaurants. What does the nurse need to inform the parents about the child?

The child is at risk for childhood obesity

A worried mother reports that her teenage child wears unusual clothes and makeup and refuses to wear the clothes the mother buys. What does the nurse suspect as the cause for this behavior?

The child is displaying group identity in order to develop a personal identity.

While assessing a 2-month-old infant, the nurse makes a loud sound and observes that the child forms a "C" shape with thumb and index finger while flexing the extremities. What does the nurse interpret from these findings?

The child is exhibiting the Moro reflex.

The parents of a school-age child tell the nurse, "My child seems very hot or red in the face, has abdominal pain, and appears jittery." What does the nurse suggest as the reason for the child's signs and symptoms?

The child is experiencing stress in some area of the child's life.

The nurse is assessing a female preterm neonate after delivery. Which assessment findings does the nurse document in the hospital reports of the infant? Select all that apply.

The infant has a prominent clitoris The hair of the infant is fine and feathery. The infant shows no resistance to the heel-to-ear maneuver.

A nurse notes that an infant with a diagnosis of failure to thrive, who has been receiving tube feedings for 3 days, has very dry skin and mucous membranes. The nurse verifies that all feedings have been retained, but the daily urine output is consistently 250 mL and the infant has lost weight. What does the nurse conclude?

The infant is dehydrated and the fluid intake needs to be increased.

After completing the physical examination of a 6-month-old infant, the nurse compares the infant's height, weight, and head circumference with the previous findings. What does the nurse infer from these findings?

The infant is developing normally

The nurse observes an infant using his thumb and index finger to hold an object. What does the nurse infer from this?

The infant is showing crude pincer grasp reflex

According to Freud, which aspect of one's life helps in the development of our personality?

The need for sensual pleasure

When assessing a neonate immediately after birth, the nurse observes an inability to close the eyes completely. The nurse also observes drooping of the corner of the neonate's mouth, and the absence of wrinkling of the forehead and nasolabial fold. What does the nurse infer from these findings?

The neonate has cranial nerve VII pressurized during labor.

After assessing a 4-day-old newborn, the nurse anticipates that the newborn has impaired vision. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion?

The newborn has no corneal reflex after a light touch.

An 11-month-old infant with iron-deficiency anemia is started on an oral iron supplement. What information should the nurse include when teaching the parents about the side effects of iron supplements?

The teeth may become stained.

A nurse is teaching preadolescents about puberty. What should the nurse tell them about the primary sex characteristics?

They are related to reproduction.

The parents of a newborn with phenylketonuria (PKU) need help and support in adhering to specific dietary restrictions. They ask the nurse, "How long will our child have to be on this diet?" How should the nurse respond?

This is a lifelong problem, and it is recommended that dietary restrictions be continued for life.

The nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about the calendar method of contraception. Which statement made by an adolescent indicates effective learning?

This type of contraception requires a regular menstrual cycle."

While assessing a neonate who was born at 42 weeks gestation via vaginal delivery, the nurse finds that the neonate has a birth weight of 9 pounds. The nurse also assesses for Moro reflex and focal swelling or tenderness in the neonate. Why does the nurse perform these interventions?

To evaluate for clavicle fracture

While interacting with parents of children ranging in ages from 6 to 12 years old, the nurse suggests that the parents should avoid imposing too many expectations on their children. What is the rationale behind the nurse's suggestion?

To prevent inferiority complexes in the children

The site of choice for administration of an intramuscular (IM) medication to an infant is

Vastus laterali

The site of choice for administration of an intramuscular (IM) medication to an infant is:

Vastus lateralis

After being bitten by a rabid dog a 4-year-old child is to receive a series of antirabies inoculations. The nurse who is to administer the injections should recall that rabies is a:

Viral infection characterized by seizures and difficulty swallowing

Which assessment findings of a child would indicate a need for genetic consultation? Select all that apply.

Visual or hearing problems Family history of mental illness Development and speech delays Excessive bleeding or excessive clotting

During a follow-up visit, the nurse observes that a toddler still has improper bone development, even after proper nutritional counseling to the mother. Which foods, when omitted, are responsible for this condition in the infant? Select all that apply.

Waffles Orange juice

A nurse on the pediatric unit is planning recreational activities for a 4-year-old with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. What are the most appropriate activities, in light of the child's developmental level and physical status?

Watching cartoon videos and listening to stories

A nurse is teaching the parents of a 3-year-old child with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis about their child's special needs. What statement indicates that the parents need further teaching about the issues related to cystic fibrosis?

We'll have to move to a very warm climate."

After an infant who was born with talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) has the cast removed, the nurse teaches the mother how and when to exercise the baby's foot. The nurse concludes that the mother understands the instructions when she says that she will exercise the foot:

With each diaper change.

What advice is appropriate for a growing child to prevent obesity? Select all that apply:

You should drink fewer sweetened beverages every day/ You should eat small meals throughout the day/ You should watch television for less than 2 hours every day.

While performing preoperative teaching a nurse explores a young adolescent's concern about changes in appearance after surgery to correct scoliosis. What is the most appropriate statement by the nurse?

You're concerned about how you'll look after surgery."

-The nurse is teaching growth and development activities to the parents of a 3-month-old infant. Which statements does the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

Your child should be able to coo, babble, and chuckle/ Your child should be able to pull at blankets or clothes/ Your child's head can come up to a 45- to 90-degree angle from the table.

A father expresses concern that his 2-year-old daughter has become a "finicky eater" and is eating less. How should the nurse respond?

Your daughter's behavior is expected in response to her slower growth."