growth and development

For which pediatric client should the nurse use the Age and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) as a developmental screening tool during a health maintenance assessment?

15 month old. The ASQ developmental screening tool is appropriate to use for pediatric clients from 1 month to 4.5 years of age. The nurse would use this screening tool for the 15-month-old toddler. The other clients are not within the age range for the use of the ASQ screening tool.

The nurse is teaching hygiene practices to a 16-year-old client who has recently had her first menstrual flow. Under which phase of development does the nurse classify the client?

Adolescence is a period of psychological, social, and maturational growth. There are subphases of adolescence. Middle adolescence occurs between the ages of 15 and 17 years. Prepubescence occurs 2 years before the onset of puberty. However, this client has already achieved puberty and had her first menstrual flow. Postpubescence extends for 1 to 2 years after puberty. The client has recently had her first menstrual flow and is at the point of puberty. Late adolescence occurs between the ages of 18 and 20 years.

Which fine motor skill should the nurse expect when assessing the development of an infant between 10 and 12 months of age?

Crayon. The ability to hold a crayon is a fine motor skill that the nurse should expect when conducting a developmental assessment for an infant between 10 to 12 months of age. Walking with assistance, standing alone, and sitting from a standing position are all gross motor skills the nurse would anticipate for this infant.

Which period of Piaget's theory covers the prevalence of egocentrism in adolescents?

Formal operations is the fourth period of Piaget's theory. During this period, there is a prevalence of egocentric thought. This egocentricity leads adolescents to demonstrate feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness. The sensorimotor period is the first period of Piaget's theory. In this period, infants develop a schema or action pattern for dealing with the environment. The preoperational period is the second period. During this time, children learn to think with the use of symbols and mental images. Concrete operations is the third period of Piaget's theory. During this period, children are able to coordinate two concrete perspectives in social and scientific thinking.

Which of these skills should be present in a six to eight month old child?

The child can sit alone without support. A child of six to eight months of age should be able to sit alone without support. A child after 8 months of age should be able to pick up small objects, place objects in containers, and pull himself or herself up to stand or sit.

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one's immediate group?

The good boy-good girl orientation stage involves an individual who wants to win the approval and maintain the expectations of one's immediate group. During the society-maintaining orientation stage, an individual expands focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns. The instrumental relativist orientation stage involves a child who wants to follow his or her parent's rules. The universal ethical principle orientation stage defines "right" by the decision of conscience according to self-chosen ethical principles.

When should the nurse anticipate that the school-age client will have all primary teeth?

The nurse anticipates that the school-age client will have all primary teeth by the age of 6 years. The nurse would not anticipate this for a 5-year-old client. The nurse would anticipate that the 7- and 8-year-old client will begin losing primary teeth; therefore, these clients would not have all of their primary teeth.

Which type of play should the nurse encourage when providing age-appropriate care to a preschool-age child who is hospitalized?

The nurse should encourage the hospitalized preschool-age client to participate in associative play. Team play is appropriate for the school-age child. Parallel play is appropriate for the toddler-age client. Solitary play is appropriate for the infant.

Which component of the human personality, according to Freud, allows an individual to judge reality accurately?

According to Freud the ego allows an individual to judge reality accurately. The id is basic instinctual impulses driven to achieve pleasure. The superego is often referred to as the conscience. The Oedipus complex is a belief that a female child fantasizes about her father as a love interest.

In which settings should the nurse prepare to administer developmental assessment for pediatric clients? Select all that apply.

Pediatric developmental assessments are performed in many settings, including the home, school, hospital, and daycare center environments. It is unlikely that a pediatric developmental assessment would be performed in an assisted living center.

According to Freud, which is a source of pleasure for a toddler-age client that the nurse should educate parents about in regards to normal growth and development?

The toddler-age client, according to Freud, finds a source of pleasure in the anal zone. The mouth is a source of pleasure during infancy. Sexual urges reawaken during adolescence. The genital organs are a source of pleasure during the preschool stage of development.