GWS 101

Define "Body work"

"[A]n effort to create an alignment ... between appearance and character, between identity and body"

Problems with the Feminism Wave Model

1. Focused on well-organized, policy-focused, gender-central movements & organizations 2. Often leaves out gender and intersectional work and organizations working at state & local levels 3. Leaves out the 1930s - 1950s

Define "Gender nonconforming"

A broad term referring to people who do not behave in a way that conforms to the traditional expectations of their gender or whose gender expression does not fit neatly into a category. Also, "gender expansive".

Define "Wikisexuality"

A collaborative- and interactive- based sexuality, not an essence-based sexuality

Define "Homophobia*"

A fear or hostility toward lesbian, gay and/or bisexual people, often expressed as discrimination, harassment and violence.

Define "Colorism"

A form of discrimination based on one's skin color that privileges people with light skin color

Define "Street harassment"

A form of sexual harassment in public places that includes unwanted comments, gestures, whistles, catcalls, or other unwanted attention by strangers.

Define "Third gender"

A gender identity that is neither male nor female, existing outside the idea that gender represents a linear spectrum between the two. Sometimes a catchall term or category in societies, states or countries that legally recognize genders other than male and female. Some states, such as California and Oregon, allow people to have third gender/sex options on their government IDs.

Define "Latinx"

A gender-expansive term for people of Latin American descent used to be more inclusive of all genders than the binary terms "Latino" or "Latina".

Define "Transsexual"

A less frequently used term (considered by some to be outdated or offensive) which refers to people who use medical interventions such as hormone therapy, gender-affirming surgery (GAS) or sex reassignment surgery (SRS) as part of the process of expressing their gender. Some people who identify as transsexual do not identify as transgender and vice versa. Only use this term if someone who specifically identifies as such asks you to.

Define "Coming out"

A lifelong process of self-acceptance and revealing one's queer identity to others. This may involve something as private as telling a single confidant or something as public as posting to social media.

Define "Biological sex"

A medical classification that refers to anatomical, physiological, genetic or physical attributes that determine if a person is assigned male, female or intersex identity at birth. Biological sex is often confused or interchanged with the term "gender," which encompasses personal identity and social factors, and is not necessarily determined by biological sex.

Define "Bisexual"/"Bi"

A person emotionally, romantically or sexually attracted to more than one sex, gender or gender identity though not necessarily simultaneously, in the same way or to the same degree.

Define "Ally"

A person who does not identify as LGBTQ, but stands with and advocates for LBGTQ people

Define "Gender-fluid"

A person who does not identify with a single fixed gender and whose identification and presentation may shift, whether within or outside of the male/female binary.

Define "Safe space/safer space"

A physical or virtual location where marginalized people are sheltered from the prejudice and discrimination that they may face outside the space

Define "Transitioning"

A process during which some people strive to more closely align their gender identity with their gender expression. This includes socially transitioning, during which a person may change their pronouns, the name they ask to be called or the way they dress to be socially recognized as another gender. This includes legal transitioning, which may involve an official name change and modified IDs and birth certificates. And this includes physically transitioning, during which a person may undergo medical interventions to more closely align their body to their gender identity. Transgender and nonbinary people transition in various ways to various degrees; self-identification alone is enough to validate gender identity.

Define "Aromantic"

A romantic orientation generally characterized by not feeling romantic attraction or a desire for romance

Define "Gender"

A set of social, physical, psychological and emotional traits, often influenced by societal expectations, that classify an individual as feminine, masculine, androgynous or other. Words and qualities ascribed to these traits vary across cultures.

Define "Oppression"

A social system of barriers that operate institutionally and interpersonally to disempower people because of their gender, race, class, sexuality, ethnicity, religion, body size, ability, and/or nationality.

Define "Women of color"

A sociopolitical term used in the United States to describe African American/Black, Asian American, Latina/x, and Native American/Indigenous women.

Define "Bystander intervention"

A strategy for preventing violence, including gender-based violence, by training individuals to disrupt social norms that perpetuate victim blaming and the privatization of violence

Define "Cissexism"

A system of discrimination and exclusion that oppresses people whose gender and/or gender expression falls outside of normative social constructs. This system is founded on the belief that there are, and should be, only two genders—usually tied to assigned sex.

Define "Compulsory heterosexuality"

A term coined by Adrienne Rich meaning that patriarchal institutions and social norms create and enforce the expectation that all people are heterosexual.

Define "Politics of respectability"

A term coined by Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham to describe efforts by those in marginalized groups to police the behavior of their community to encourage conformity with the dominant group's norms as a strategy for gaining greater acceptance.

Define "Mestiza Consciousness"

A term coined by Gloria Anzaldúa that emerges out of her lived experience as a Chicana and means a sense of self that embraces borders and ambiguity and challenges dualistic thinking.

Define "Second shift"

A term coined by sociologist Arlie Hochschild (1989) referring to the household and caregiving labor performed by women in addition to their wage work

Define "Same-gender loving"

A term coined in the early 1990s by activist Cleo Manago, this term was and is used by some members of the Black community who feel that terms like gay, lesbian and bisexual (and sometimes the communities therein) are Eurocentric and fail to affirm Black culture, history and identity.

Define "Cisgender"

A term that describes when an individual's gender assigned at birth aligns with their gender identity and gender expression.

Define "Hegemonic masculinity"

A term used by R. W. Connell that reflects hierarchies between different types of masculinity in addition to the hierarchy of masculinity over femininity

Define "Questioning"

A term used to describe people who are in the process of exploring their sexual orientation or gender identity.

Define "Essentialism"

A theory that there is an "essence" that defines a particular entity and makes it innately different from other groups. Bodies are perceived to be the determining factor for people's identities and behaviors. To argue that women's behavior is inherently different from men's because of their biological differences is to essentialize them.

Define "Sex-positive"

A view that a person can choose whether or not to express their sexuality and in a variety of ways. It highlights the pleasure rather than simply the procreative aspect of sex.

Define "Posthumanism"

A way of being and living where technology, human, and nature seep into each other

Why does Audre Lorde claim that "Any attack against Black people is a lesbian and gay issue"? A. Because identities intersect & many Black people are part of the LBGTQ community B. Because racism & heterosexism are exactly the same C. Because homophobia is a form of racism D. None of the above

A. Because identities intersect & many Black people are part of the LGBTQ community

What metaphorical image does Marilyn Frye use to explain oppression? A. Birdcage B. Pressure Cooker C. Sinking Ship D. Mouse Trap

A. Birdcage

DSM stands for A. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual B. Disease Specific Method C. Diagnosis Standards Manual D. Disorder Studies Medicine

A. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

According to Johnson, what is the process through which we learn how to participate in social life? A. Socialization B. Education C. Brain-washing D. Propaganda

A. Socialization

Where does bell hooks claim that radical feminism has been most accepted? A: Academia B: Mainstream media C: Government & Policy D: Canada

A: Academia

Define "Feminist art movement"

Activism beginning in the 1960s and 1970s that promoted female artists, encouraged better representation of women's lives in art, and challenged aesthetic values within the art world, including the privileging of particular media.

Define "Nonviolent direct action"

Acts of protest or civil disobedience intended to raise awareness through disruption or spectacle

Define "LGBTQ"

An acronym for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer." Less often, the Q stands for "questioning." Acronyms like LGBTQIA also include the intersex and asexual communities, while acronyms like LGBTQ attempt to envelop an entire community of people who hold identities that are not cisgender or heterosexual.

Define "Coalition"

An association of individuals and/or groups who come together around a shared interest or value

Define "Rape culture"

An environment that normalizes sexual violence against women through a number of cultural practices, including misogynistic social norms, victim blaming, rape myths, and sexual objectification.

Define "Gender identity"

An individual's gendered sense of self

Define "Sexual orientation"

An inherent or immutable emotional, romantic or sexual attraction to other people; oftentimes used to signify the gender identity (or identities) to which a person is most attracted.

Define "Transgender"

An umbrella term for people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. Not all trans people undergo transition. Being transgender does not imply any specific sexual orientation. Therefore, transgender people may identify as straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual or something else. Also, "trans".

Define "Two Spirit"

An umbrella term in Native culture to describe people who have both a male and female spirit within them. This encompasses many tribe-specific names, roles and traditions, such as the winkte of the Lakota and nadleeh of the Navajo people. This term often describes Native people who performed roles and gender expression associated with both men and women. This term should be used only in the context of Native culture.

Define "nonbinary"

An umbrella term that refers to individuals who identify as neither man or woman, or as a combination of man or woman. Instead, nonbinary people exhibit a boundless range of identities that can exist beyond a spectrum between male and female.

According to Saraswati et al, traditionally the US feminist movement is divided into how many waves? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

B. 3

According to Reversing Roe, the ________ Church was behind many organized anti-abortion activities. A. Evangelical B. Catholic C. Protestant D. Federal

B. Catholic

Fausto-Sterling discusses which activist who spoke at the May 2000 meeting of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society? A. Audre Lorde B. Cheryl Chase C. Alice Dreger D. Riki Wilchins

B. Cheryl Chase

What term does Frye use to refer to "situations in which options are reduced to a very few and all of them expose one to penalty, censure, or deprivation"? A. Double trouble B. Double bind C. Double jeopardy D. None of the above

B. Double bind

Who coined the term "intersectionality"? A. Angela Davis B. Kimberle Crenshaw C. Audre Lorde D. The Combahee River Collective

B. Kimberle Crenshaw

Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was the first women's right convention and produced a document on women's rights modeled after what? A. The US Constitution B. The Declaration of Independence C. The Bill of Rights D. The Emancipation Proclamation

B. The Declaration of Independence

Pathologization refers to: A. The classification of diseases B. The characterization of mental or physical states as diseases C. The study of death D. The diagnosis of illnesses

B. The characterization of mental or physical states as diseases

Where does Koedt say female orgasms originate from? A. The vagina B. The clitoris C. The (G)rafenberg spot D. All of the above

B. The clitoris

What does TERF, an acronym for feminists that reject trans identities in feminism, stand for? A. Trans Evicting & Rejecting Feminists B. Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists C. Trans Excepting Revolutionary Feminists D. None of the above

B. Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists

According to Chase, when an intersex infant is born typically a medical team examines the infant and chooses either male or female as their _____, then informs the parents that this is the child's _____. A. sex; sexuality B. assigned sex; true sex C. gender; sex D. true sex; gender

B. assigned sex; true sex

What are the components of the GWS triad Berger & Radeloff describe? A: Learning, understanding, and doing B: Research, theory, and Praxis C: Study, research, and practice D: Theory , understanding, and changing

B: Research, theory, and praxis

What inspired the creation of the term intersectionality? A. The election of George H.W. Bush B. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 C. A failed lawsuit against General Motors D. The women's liberation movement

C. A failed lawsuit against General Motors

What was a major issue/problem for Black feminists according to the Combahee River Collective? A. Racism within the feminist movement B. Sexism within the Civil Rights & Black Power movements C. Both A & B D. Neither A nor B

C. Both A & B

According to Feminists: What Were They Thinking?, a phrase used among 2nd wave feminists was "the _______ is political" A. Private B. Public C. Personal D. Feminine

C. Personal

According to Koedt, the myth of the vaginal orgasm comes from... A. The Bible B. Michel Foucault C. Sigmund Freud D. Alfred Kinsey

C. Sigmund Freud

According to Iron Jawed Angels, which of the following was NOT a tactic of suffragettes? A. Hunger Strikes B. Lobbying politicians C. Sit-ins at the Capitol building D. Parades & Pageants

C. Sit-ins at the Capitol building

The form of feminism bell hooks identifies in which women work within the existing power structures to maximize their freedom is called: A: Lifestyle B: Radical C: Reformist D: Second-wave

C: Reformist

Who was the term TERF coined by in 2008?

Cisgender Radical Feminists

Define "Gender dysphoria"

Clinically significant distress caused when a person's assigned birth gender is not the same as the one with which they identify.

Define "Heteronormativity"

Coined by social critic Michael Warner, the term refers to a societal assumption of certain norms: 1) that there are two distinct sexes; 2) that male and female functions and characteristics are distinctly different; and 3) that traits such as attraction and sexual behavior correspond to anatomy. Those who do not fit these norms—be it through same-sex attraction, a nonbinary gender identity, or nontraditional gender expression—are therefore seen as abnormal, and often marginalized or pressured to conform to norms as a result.

Define "Privilege"

Cultural benefits and power granted to people through social and institutional inequalities.

Define "Patriarchy"

Cultural system in which men hold power and are the central figures in the family, community, government, and larger society.

According to Chase, which of the following often occurs for intersex people? A. Genital surgery in infancy and/or childhood B. Medical secrecy about their intersex identity C. Parental Secrecy about their intersex identity D. All of the above

D. All of the above

In "The Five Sexes Revisited," Anne Fausto-Sterling recommends which of the following for intersex infants? A. Surgery only for life-saving/health-enhancing reasons B. Full information provided to parents and child C. The ability to change birth certificate sex assignment at any time D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Pascoe writes that "for boys, achieving a masculine identity entails the repeated repudiation of the specter of failed masculinity." In what ways do boys in her study try to achieve masculinity? A. Using homophobic slurs B. Engaging in sexist discussions of girls' bodies C. Exaggerating or lying about their sexual interests & experiences with girls D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What is the reason that most white people do not recognize white privilege according to McIntosh? A. Because of the way white people are taught to recognize racism B. Because white people do not see white as a racial category C. Because privilege is purposefully structured to be invisible D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which system of oppression does Audre Lorde claim is the most oppressive? A. Racism B. Sexism C. Heterosexism D. All systems of oppression are equally oppressive

D. All systems of oppression are equally oppressive

Which is NOT a defining element of patriarchy as a system according to Johnson? A. Male centered, identified, and dominated B. Strict definitions of masculinity/manhood C. Control-obsessed D. Loose definitions of femininity/womanhood E. Practices power-over rather than power-with through violence & domination

D. Loose definitions of femininity/womanhood

Which of the following identity categories are most central to the politics of the Combahee River Collective? A. Race & Gender B. Race, Class, & Gender C. Gender & Sexuality D. Race, Class, Gender, & Sexuality

D. Race, Class, Gender, & Sexuality

What term did Betty Friedan use to describe the threat she felt lesbianism was to the feminist movement? A. The Gay Agenda B. The Problem That Has No Name C. The Homosexual Peril D. The Lavender Menace

D. The Lavender Menace

C.J. Pascoe advocates uncoupling the study of masculinity from what? A. Femininity B. Sexuality C. Patriarchy D. The male body

D. The male body

Transgender refers to people... A. Who cross-dress or do drag B. Who take hormones C. With ambiguous genitalia D. Who do not identify as the sex they were assigned at birth and/or gender they were raised as

D. Who do not identify as the sex they were assigned at birth and/or gender they were raised as

What does women's suffrage refer to? A. Women's exclusion from politics B. Women's suffering under patriarchy C. Women's right to an education D. Women's right to vote

D. Women's right to vote

According to Berger and Radeloff, women's and gender studies is: A: A response to oppression B: An out growth of activism, debate, and rich intellectual tradition C: A field that evolved from women's studies D: All of the above

D: All of the above

Define "Orientalism"

Delimiting Western representations of Asian and Middle Eastern cultures so as to produce and reproduce stereotypes and tropes embedded in colonialism and imperialism

Define "Agender"

Describes a person who does not identify with any gender identity

Define "Genderqueer"

Describes a person who rejects static categories of gender (i.e. the gender binary of male/female) and whose gender expression or identity falls outside of the dominant social norms of their assigned sex. They may identify as having aspects of both male and female identities, or neither.

Define "Gender expression"

External appearance of one's gender identity, usually expressed through behavior, clothing, haircut or voice, and which may or may not conform to socially defined behaviors and characteristics typically associated with being masculine or feminine.

What are some examples of a social institution according to Allan Johnson?

Family, Education, Religion, Government, Medicine

Define "Comstock Laws"

Federal act passed in 1873 criminalizing the use of the U.S. Postal Service to exchange materials and information the government deemed obscene, such as pornography, contraceptives, and information on abortion

Define "Third world feminism"

Feminist activism that emerges from the lived experiences of women from the geographical third world and from women of color living in powerful countries like the United States.

Feminism: Wave Model First Wave: ____ - ____ Second Wave: ____ - ____ Third Wave: ____ - ____ Fourth Wave: ____ - ____

First Wave: 1850s - 1920s Second Wave: 1960s - 1980s Third Wave: 1990s - 2000s Fourth Wave: 2010s - Present

Define "Sex trafficking"

Forced work against people's wills within the sex industry and often as the result of being made vulnerable due to poverty, refugee status, and as women/girls and LGBTQPAI+ youth/adults.

Define "State violence"

Harm that government, social institutions, industry, and individual members of society perpetuate based on stereotypical and interlocking ideas about gender, race, class, sexuality, religion, and nationality; also referred to as structural violence.

Define "Male gaze"

How the production of visual arts is crafted by and through patriarchal interpretations of the world, and therefore film, television, and art represent women as objects rather than subjects

What is the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2013?

If an employee doesn't know that they are being discriminated against on the basis of pay or other benefit, the employee can file a lawsuit within 180 days of receiving a paycheck

Define "Eugenics movement"

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the belief that a superior human race could be produced by controlling the reproduction of those deemed incapable or inferior by those who considered themselves superior in terms of race, looks, and abilities found popular support as well as generous funding from organizations such as the Carnegie Institution and Rockefeller Foundation

Define "Fatherhood bonus"

Increased wages and career advancement that fathers experience when being a part of a family structure because they are perceived as needing to provide for people and fulfilling their responsibilities as citizens within patriarch and capitalism

Define "Interpersonal sexual violence"

Intimate partner violence or domestic violence, rape, and emotional or psychological violence within privatized relationships

Define "Glass ceiling"

Invisible barriers structurally tied to gender, race, class, sexuality, age, ability, and nationality that prevent job and career advancement for women, queer-identified people, and people of color

Define "Xenophobia"

Irrational and intense dislike of people from other countries

What is the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993?

It is a labor law requiring covered employers to provide employees with job-protected and unpaid leave for qualified medical and family reasons

Define "Situated knowledge"

Knowledge is always produced from a specific disciplinary ideological, and social location

What is the equal pay act of 1963?

Legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work

Define "Mother pay penalty"

Lost wages that mothers experience in comparison to non-mothers"

Define "Gender neutral"

Not gendered, usually operating outside the male/female binary. Can refer to language (e.g., pronouns), spaces (e.g., bathrooms) or identities.

Define "Queer"

Once a pejorative term, a term reclaimed and used by some within academic circles and the LGBTQ community to describe sexual orientations and gender identities that are not exclusively heterosexual or cisgender.

Define "Sex work"

Paid work within the sex industry

Define "Eugenics"

Philosophical and scientific approach to managing the population through a variety of "positive" and "negative" practices in order to create a "better" human race

Define "Islamophobia"

Prejudice produced by fear of Islam or Muslims

What is Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972?

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.

Define "Intersex"

Refers to people who are born with any one of several variations in sex characteristics (hormones, chromosomes, genitals, and/or gonads), sometimes now called "disorders of sex development", that don't fit normative binary medical definitions of male or female

Define "Heterosexual/cisgender privilege"

Refers to societal advantages that heterosexual people and cisgender people have solely because of their dominant identities. This can include things as simple as safely holding hands with a romantic partner in public or having safe access to public bathrooms. This can also include systemic privileges such as the right to legally donate blood, to adopt children without facing possible rejection because of your sexual orientation, or to play organized sports with others of the same gender identity.

Define "Social institutions"

Rule-governed social arrangements that have survived across time and appear natural and normal but in fact represent one way of being in the world (e.g., the nuclear family, a well-armed military, and a capitalist economy).

Define "Neoliberalism"

Set of economic policies that shape social formations and people's lived experiences by favoring a free-market economy, deregulation of industry, and the privatization of government social programs that erodes the middle class and emphasizes individual responsibility.

What is the opposite of an intersectional approach?

Single-axis approach

Define "Nuclear family"

Social construction that creates the family as a married man and woman living together with at least once child

Define "Binary system"

Something that contains two opposing parts; binary systems are often assumed despite the existence of a spectrum of possibilities. Gender (man/woman) and sex (male/female) are examples of binary systems often perpetuated by our culture.

Define "Femiqueer"

Term used by Rachel Lee to emphasize the intersections of queer theory and feminist studies of science, technology, and medicine

Define "Women in print movement"

The activist efforts emerging in the late 1960s to increase the amount of published information by and about heterosexual women and lesbians based on the premise that access to information was empowering.

Define "Heterosexism"

The assumption that sexuality between people of different sexes is normal, standard, superior or universal while other sexual orientations are substandard, inferior, abnormal, marginal or invalid.

Define "Gender pay gap"

The average difference between men's and women's earnings

Define "Self-reflexivity"

The deliberate examination of how and why people come to their beliefs, ideas, and knowledge in the context of broader (gender, race, class, sexuality, abilities, age, religion, and nationalities) power relations; a necessary step in pursuing feminist and queer scholarship, activism, and institutional practices.

Define "Occupational segregation"

The division of men and women in the workforce

Define "Transphobia*"

The fear and hatred of, or discomfort with, transgender people. This may manifest into transphobic actions, such as violence, harassment, misrepresentation or exclusion.

Define "Gender status"

The gender assigned to children and used to socialize them into boy/man and girl/woman; may also be referred to as "Gender assignment"

Define "Affirmed gender"

The gender by which one wishes to be known. This term is often used to replace terms like "new gender" or "chosen gender," which imply that a person's gender was chosen rather than simply innate

Define "Medicalization"

The idea that physicians have the ultimate authority to diagnose a symptom and through this process a person becomes a patient in need of medical intervention

Define "Outing"

The inappropriate act of publicly declaring (sometimes based on rumor and/or speculation) or revealing another person's sexual orientation or gender identity without that person's consent.

Define "Prison industrial complex"

The industry and its supporters who promote institutional punishment as the solution for social problems in order to further political and financial self-interest.

Define "Praxis"

The integration of learning theoretical concepts with social justice actions so that one's own behaviors in the world reflect the liberatory philosophies of feminism and queer approaches.

Define "Black arts movement"

The movement in the 1960s and 1970s to highlight and inspire African American contributions in literature, music, theater, dance, and visual art and to develop a Black aesthetic.

Define "NGOization"

The movement of social and community services from government to civil society as a result of neoliberal policies that favor privatization over government intervention.

Define "Preferred Pronouns"

The pronoun or set of pronouns that an individual personally uses and would like others to use when talking to or about that individual. Can include variations of he/him/his, she/her/hers, they/their/theirs, among others. This term is being used less and less in LGBTQ circles, as it suggests one's gender identity is a "preference" rather than innate. Recommended replacement: "Your pronouns, my pronouns, their pronouns, etc."

Define "Neocolonial"

The relationship of power developed countries exercise over developing countries using economic relationships and cultural influence instead of military or political control. Neocolonialism is a new form of colonialism, which is a practice whereby European countries conquered, occupied, and exploited countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

Define "Assigned sex"

The sex that is assigned to an infant at birth based on the child's visible sex organs, including genitalia and other physical characteristics. Often corresponds with a child's "assigned gender" and "assumed gender".

Define "Gender roles"

The social behaviors and expression that a culture expects from people based on their assigned sex (e.g., girls wear pink; boys don't cry; women care for home and child; men are more violent), despite a spectrum of various other possibilities.

Define "Postfeminism"

The ways in which everyday people assume that gender equality and justice has been achieved and, within feminist media studies, the ways in which media outlets appropriate feminism to sell ideas, images, and products to consumers.

Define "Intersectionality"

Theoretical term used to discuss the interlocking systems of oppression of gender, race, class, sexuality, age, ability, religion, and nationality that shape people's experience and access to power.

Define "Standpoint theory"

Theories that acknowledge how people's location of and relationship to power, or standpoint, shape their worldview

Define "Epistemologies"

Theories that are concerned with how knowledge is produced and circulated

Define "Social construction"

Theory that our knowledge of gender, race, class, sexuality, ethnicity, body size, ability, religion, and nationality is tied to social processes that have their basis in relations of power and is therefore constantly being created and recreated by human beings within specific cultural conexts.

Define "Misgender"

To refer to someone in a way that does not correctly reflect the gender with which they identify, such as refusing to use a person's pronouns or name.

Define "Lesbian"

Used to describe a woman whose enduring physical, romantic and/or emotional attraction is to other women.

Define "Gay"

Used to describe people (often, but not exclusively, men) whose enduring physical, romantic and/or emotional attractions are to people of the same sex or gender identity.

Define "Asexual"

Used to describe people who do not experience sexual attraction or do not have a desire for sex. Many experience romantic or emotional attractions across the entire spectrum of sexual orientations. Asexuality differs from celibacy, which refers to abstaining from sex. Also "ace" or "ace community"

Define "Pansexual"

Used to describe people who have the potential for emotional, romantic or sexual attraction to people of any gender identity, though not necessarily simultaneously, in the same way or to the same degree. The term panromantic may refer to a person who feels these emotional and romantic attractions, but identifies as asexual.

Define "Heterosexual"

Used to describe people whose enduring physical, romantic and/or emotional attraction is to people of the opposite sex. Also "straight".

Define "Demisexual"

Used to describe someone who feels sexual attraction only to people with whom they have an emotional bond—often considered to be on the asexual spectrum.

Define "Androgynous"/"Androgyne"

Used to describe someone who identifies or presents as neither distinguishably masculine or feminine

Define "Hate crime"

Violence motivated by race, color, religion, ethnicity, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity or expression, or disability

Define "Double binds"

When a person faces two problematic choices as the only ones socially available (e.g., a woman can be labeled as a "slut" if sexually active and a "tease" or "prude" if not).

What is Roe v. Wade and when did it happen?

When abortion was legalized in 1973

Define "Settler-colonials"

White Europeans who immigrated to the Americans; the term is used to emphasize how indigenous peoples inhabited the land now called the United States

Define "Third world women"

Women who inhabit or whose (familial) origins reflect Asian, African, and Latin American geographies; used as a political term to reflect the colonial power relations between the first world (the West or Global North) and the third world (or Global South).

What is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

forbids discrimination in all areas of the employment relationship

What is the 19th Amendment and when was it passed?

gave women the right to vote in 1920

Define "Feminism"

the advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes.