H Chemistry- Chapter 8

Predict 1) Cl2(g) + KI(aq) → 2) F2(g) + PbCl2(aq) → 3) Rb(s) + Zn(NO3)2(aq) → 4) Ba(s) + FeBr2(aq) →

1) 2KCl + I2 2) 2FPb + Cl2 3) 2Rb NO3 + Zn 4) Ba Br2 + Fe

Predict: 1) Li (s) + I2 (s) ---> 2) Mg (s) + N2 (g) ---> 3) Mn+2 (s) + Cl2 (g) ---> 4) Sr (s) + S8 (s) ---->

1) 2Li I 2) Mg3 N2 3) Mn Cl2 4) 8Sr S (s)

Predict: 1) C2H6(g) + O2(g) → 2) C5H12(g) + O2(g) → 3) C6H12(g) + O2(g) → 4) C2H4(g) + O2(g) →

1) 4CO2 + 6H2O 2) 5CO2 + 6H2O 3) 6CO2 + 6H2O 4) 2CO2 + 2H2O

Predict: 1) AgNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → 2) Na2SO3(aq) + HNO3(aq) → 3) CaCl2(aq) + ZnCO3(aq) → 4) Li2SO4(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) →

1) Ag2 CO3 + 2Na NO3 2) 2Na NO3 + H2 SO3 3) Ca CO3 + Zn Cl2 4) 2Li Cl + SO4 (NH4)2

What are 5 tips for balancing equations?

1) If there is a polyatomic ion on one side of the equation and is not broken apart on the other side; balance it as a unit 2) Try balancing elements that only appear once on both sides 3) leave H and O until the end. Do H before O 4) Add up compounds on the same side 5) add # of elements on one side--> put "2" in front of odd number compound

What are the steps required to balance a chemical equation?

1) List each type of atom and add up how many are on each side 2) Use coefficients to make the number of atoms on both sides equal

What are two requirements for writing correct chemical equation?

1) Must have correct formulas for reactants and products 2) Law of Conservation of Mass must be satisfied

The steps to predict the products for a decomposition equation:

1) Split the compound into elements and get rid of subscripts 2) check for diatomic elements 3) always balance the equation

steps to predicts products of combustion reactions:

1) The products will be CO2 and H2O 2) balance equation

Steps to predict products in a double replacement reaction:

1) assume double replacement reactions will take place, use the criss-cross rule to predict the products 2) always balance equation

Steps to predict products of a single replacement reaction:

1) check activity series to see if single replacement reaction will take place. If it will, use the criss-cross rule to predict the products 2) check for diatomic elements 3) always balance equation

What are the steps to predict the products for a synthesis reaction?

1) synthesis reactions use criss cross rule 2) always balance the equation

Steps to predict products of synthesis reactions:

1) use the criss-cross rule to predict products 2) always balance equation

Predict: 1) Fe2 O3 (s) ---> 2) H2O (l) ---> 3) Pb Cl2 (s) ---> 4) Ba Cl2 (s) ---->

1)4Fe + 3O2 2) 2H + O2 3) Pb + Cl2 4) Ba + Cl2

Synthesis Reaction

2 or more substances combining to form a new compound

balance and write: A reaction between aluminum and aqueous iron (III) oxide yields iron metal in a solution of aluminum oxide

2Al (s) + Fe2O3 (s) ---> Al2O3 (s) +3Fe (s)

Balance and Write: Carbon monoxide decomposes into its elements, a black powder and a gas are observed

2C3O ----> 6C (s) + O2 (g)

balance and write: The combustion of butane gas, C4H10 in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water

2C4H10 + 13O2 ----> 8CO2 + 10H2O

balance and write: When extreme heat, such as from fire, is added to methane gas (CH4), combustion occurs

2CH4 + 4O2 ----> 2CO2 + 4H2O

Balance and write: Calcium oxide reacts to form elemental calcium and oxygen

2CO ----> 2C (s) + O2 (g)

model

2H2O ----> 2H2 + O2

Balance and Write: The synthesis of potassium chloride powder from its elements

2K (s) + Cl2 (g) ---> 2KCl (s)

Balance and Write: Sulfur dioxide and oxygen combine to produce Sulfur trioxide. All substances are gaseous

2SO2 + O2 (g) ---> 2SO3 (g)

Balance and write: Zinc metal and hydrochloric acid react to produce aqueous zinc chloride. Hydrogen bubbles are also released

2Zn (s) + 2HCl (s) ---> 2Zn Cl (aq) + H2 (g)

Draw a model

3Mg (s) + N2 (g) --> Mg3 N2 (s)

What is the general equation for a synthesis reaction?

A + B --> AB

Model

A + BC --> AC + B A + BC --> BA + C

What is the general equation for a double replacement reaction?

AB + CD --> AD + CB

What is the general equation for a decomposition reaction?

AB --> A + B

balance and write: Aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and potassium chloride are combined and solid nitrate precipitates out of the aqueous solution.

Ag NO3 (aq) + K Cl (aq) -------> Ag Cl (s) + KNO3 (aq)

What is the general equation for a single replacement reaction?

Element + Compound --> Compound + Element

How can you identify a combustion reaction by looking at the equation?

If the products are CO2 and H2O

How can you identify a double replacement reaction by looking at the equation?

It always starts with aqueous reactants (aq) because the ions must be able to move

How can you identify a synthesis reaction by looking at the equation?

It only has ONE product

How can you identify a decomposition reaction by looking at the equation?

It only has ONE reactant

What information does the activity series provide, and how is it used?

It will provide information about whether a metal can undergo a single replacement reaction with water and with acids. The element must be higher on the list that the part of the compound is trying to replace

balance and write: The double replacement between aqueous solutions of potassium sulfate and barium hydroxide. The precipitate formed in barium sulfate in an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide

K SO4 (aq) + Ba OH (aq) -----> K OH (s) + Ba SO4

What are the seven diatomic elements?

N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, H2

model

Na OH (aq) + HCl (aq) ----> Na Cl (aq) + H2O (l)

Chemical Reaction

Process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances

How do you differentiate combustion reactions from single replacement reactions?

The products are always going to be CO2 and H2O

Combustion Reaction

a reaction of a hydrocarbon (a compound composed of C and H) with O2 to form CO2 and H2O

Double Replacement Reaction

cations switch partners and bond with other anion instead

Cationic replacement

element becomes a cation and replaces the existing cation

Anionic replacement

element becomes an anion and replaces the existing anion (usually a halogen)

Diatomic elements

elements that are not stable by themselves in nature

What is the general equation for a combustion reaction?

hydrocarbon + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

How can you identify a single replacement reaction by looking at the equation?

look at activity series to see if the reaction will occur

Single Replacement Reaction

one element replaces another element in a compound

Decomposition Reaction

one substance breaks down

Reactants

original substances in a chemical reaction

Products

substances resulting from a chemical reaction

Endothermic

when a reaction absorbs heat (feels cold)

Exothermic

when a reaction releases heat (feels hot)