H. Physics Chapter 8 Test

What happens to the internal energy of an ideal gas when it is heated from 0°C to 4°C? a. It increases. c. It remains constant. b. It decreases. d. It is impossible to determine.

a

1. Which of the following is a fluid? a. helium c. iron b. ice d. gold

a

10. What factors affect the gauge pressure within a fluid? a. fluid density, depth, free-fall acceleration b. fluid volume, depth, free-fall acceleration c. fluid mass, depth, free-fall acceleration d. fluid weight, depth, free-fall acceleration

a

14. Which of the following is not an example of turbulent flow? a. a river flowing slowly in a straight line b. a river flowing swiftly around rocks in rapids c. water flowing unevenly from a fully opened faucet d. smoke twisting as it moves upward from a fire

a

3. According to legend, to determine whether the king's crown was made of pure gold, Archimedes measured the crown's volume by determining how much water it displaced. The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. If the crown's mass was 6.00 102 g, what volume of water would have been displaced if the crown was indeed made of pure gold? a. 31.1 cm3 c. 22.8 103 cm3 b. 1.81103 cm3 d. 114103 cm3

a

6. A buoyant force acts in the opposite direction of gravity. Therefore, which of the following is true of an object completely submerged in water? a. The net force on the object is smaller than the weight of the object. b. The net force on the object is larger than the weight of the object. c. The net force on the object is equal to the weight of the object. d. The object appears to weigh more than it does in air.

a

7. A force of 230 N applied on a hydraulic lift raises an automobile weighing 6500 N. If the applied force is exerted on a 7.0 m2 piston, what is the area of the piston beneath the automobile? a. 2.0102 m2 c. 0.25m2 b. 0.0050 m2 d. 4.0 m2

a

A substance registers a temperature change from 20°C to 40°C. To what incremental temperature change does this correspond? a. 20 K c. 36 K b. 40 K d. 313 K

a

Which of the following best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium? a. No net energy is exchanged. c. The masses are equal. b. The volumes are equal. d. The velocity is zero.

a

-Ideal fluid:

a fluid that has no internal friction or viscosity and is incompressible

-Fluid:

a non-solid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas or liquid

Moving fluids can exhibit laminar (smooth) flow or turbulent (irregular) flow. An ___________ is a fluid that has no internal friction or viscosity and is incompressible. The ideal fluid model simplifies fluid-flow analysis.

ideal fluid

-Pressure:

the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface

-Mass density:

the concentration of matter if an object, measured as the mass per unit volume of a substance

-Buoyant force:

the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid

_____________________ states that the pressure in a fluid decreases as the fluid's velocity increases.

Bernoulli's principle

12. Which of the following properties is not characteristic of an ideal fluid? a. laminar flow c. nonviscous b. turbulent flow d. incompressible

b

15. Why does an ideal fluid move faster through a pipe with decreasing diameter? a. The pressure within the fluid increases. b. The pressure within the fluid decreases. c. The pipe exerts more pressure on the fluid. d. The fluid moves downhill.

b

2. Which of the following statements is not correct? a. A fluid flows. b. A fluid has a definite shape. c. Molecules of a fluid are free to move past each other. d. A fluid changes its shape easily.

b

3. How does a liquid differ from a gas? a. A liquid has both definite shape and definite volume, whereas a gas has neither. b. A liquid has definite volume, unlike a gas. c. A liquid has definite shape, unlike a gas. d. A liquid has definite shape, whereas a gas has definite volume.

b

4. Which of the following statements about completely submerged objects resting on the ocean bottom is correct? a. The buoyant force acting on the object is equal to the object's weight. b. The apparent weight of the object depends on the object's density. c. The displaced volume of fluid is greater than the volume of the object. d. The weight of the object and the buoyant force are equal and opposite.

b

9. A closed vessel can sink to a depth of 20.0 m in water (w = 1.00 g/cm3) before the external pressure crushes it. To what depth could this same container be immersed in a deep vat of mercury (Hg = 13.6 g/cm3) without it being crushed? a. 0.680 m c. 15.7 m b. 1.47 m d. 27.2 m

b

If energy is transferred from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of the following statements is true? a. The table and the ice are at thermal equilibrium. b. The ice is cooler than the table. c. The ice is no longer 0°C. d. Energy is being transferred from the ice to the table.

b

If there is no temperature difference between a substance and its surroundings, what has occurred on the microscopic level? a. Energy has been transferred from lower-energy particles to higher-energy particles. b. Energy has been transferred from higher-energy particles to lower-energy particles. c. No energy has been transferred between the substance and its surroundings. d. Heat has been flowing back and forth.

b

The net vertical force due to pressure between two depths within a fluid equals the weight of the fluid between the two depths. This is another way of stating which of the following? a. Archimedes' principle b. Newton's second law c. Pascal's principle d. the definition of density

b

What is pressure that depends on depth, fluid density, and free-fall acceleration called? a. total pressure c. absolute pressure b. gauge pressure d. atmospheric pressure

b

What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of ice and water at 1 atm of pressure? a. 0°F c. 0 K b. 273 K d. 100°C

b

Which of the following occurs to a person standing near the edge of a railroad track when a high-speed train passes? a. The person tends to be pushed away from the train. b. The person tends to be pulled toward the train. c. The person tends to be pushed upward into the air. d. The person is unaffected by the train.

b

Which of the following statements is true about the buoyant force on an object that is floating on the surface of a lake? a. The buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object. b. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. c. The buoyant force is the same as when the object is completely submerged. d. The buoyant force is less than the density of the water.

b

11. If the air pressure in a tire is measured as 2.0 105 Pa, and atmospheric pressure equals 1.0 105 Pa, what pressure does the air within the tire exert outward on the tire walls? a. 1.0105 Pa c. 3.0105 Pa b. 2.0105 Pa d. 4.0105 Pa

c

16. Why does the lift on an airplane wing increase as the speed of the airplane increases? a. The pressure behind the wing becomes less than the pressure in front of the wing. b. The pressure behind the wing becomes greater than the pressure in front of the wing. c. The pressure above the wing becomes less than the pressure below the wing. d. The pressure above the wing becomes greater than the pressure below the wing.

c

4. For incompressible fluids, density changes little with changes in a. depth. c. pressure. b. temperature. d. free-fall acceleration.

c

5. A cube of wood with a density of 0.780 g/cm3 is 10.0 cm on each side. When the cube is placed in water, what buoyant force acts on the wood? (w = 1.00 g/cm3) a. 7.65103 N c. 6.40N b. 7.65 N d. 5.00 N

c

5. If an object is only partially submerged in a fluid, which of the following is true? a. The volume of the displaced fluid equals the volume of the object. b. The density of the fluid equals the density of the object. c. The density of the fluid is greater than the density of the object. d. The density of the fluid is less than the density of the object.

c

6. Each of four tires on an automobile has an area of 0.026 m2 in contact with the ground. The weight of the automobile is 2.6 104 N. What is the pressure in the tires? a. 3.1106 Pa c. 2.5105 Pa b. 1.0106 Pa d. 6.5103 Pa

c

8. Which of the following statements is true according to Pascal's principle? a. Pressure in a fluid is greatest at the walls of the container holding the fluid. b. Pressure in a fluid is greatest at the center of the fluid. c. Pressure in a fluid is the same throughout the fluid. d. Pressure in a fluid is greatest at the top of the fluid.

c

Energy transfer as heat between two objects depends on which of the following? a. The difference in mass of the two objects. b. The difference in volume of the two objects. c. The difference in temperature of the two objects. d. The difference in composition of the two objects.

c

In which of the following situations will an object sink? a. The mass density of the object is less than the mass density of the fluid. b. The buoyant force on the object is equal to the weight of the object. c. The mass density of the fluid is less than the mass density of the object. d. The weight of the fluid displaced equals the weight of the object.

c

What three properties of a substance affect the amount of energy transferred as heat to or from the substance? a. volume, temperature change, specific heat capacity b. density, temperature change, specific heat capacity c. mass, temperature change, specific heat capacity d. mass, temperature change, latent heat

c

Why does sandpaper get hot when it is rubbed against rusty metal? a. Energy is transferred from the sandpaper into the metal. b. Energy is transferred from the metal to the sandpaper. c. Friction between the sandpaper and metal increases the temperature of both. d. Energy is transferred from a hand to the sandpaper.

c

The ___________ results from conserva-tion of mass.

continuity equation

1. Which of the following is not a fluid? a. carbon dioxide c. seawater b. hydrogen d. wood

d

10. An ideal fluid flows through a pipe made of two sections with diameters of 1 cm and 3 cm, respectively. By what factor would you have to multiply the velocity of the liquid flowing through the 1 cm section to obtain the velocity of liquid flowing through the 3 cm section? a . 9 c . 1/3 b. 6 d. 1/9

d

13. Which of the following is not an example of laminar flow? a. a river moving slowly in a straight line b. smoke rising upward in a smooth column through air c. water flowing evenly from a slightly opened faucet d. smoke twisting as it moves upward from a fire

d

2. When a gas is poured out of one container into another container, which of the following does not occur? a. The gas flows into the new container. b. The gas changes shape to fit the new container. c. The gas spreads out to fill the new container. d. The gas keeps its original volume.

d

7. Which of the following statements about floating objects is correct? a. The object's density is greater than the density of the fluid on which it floats. b. The object's density is equal to the density of the fluid on which it floats. c. The displaced volume of fluid is greater than the volume of the object. d. The buoyant force equals the object's weight.

d

8. The gauge pressure for the air in a balloon equals 1.01 105 Pa. If atmospheric pressure is equal to 1.01 105 Pa, what is the absolute pressure of the air inside the balloon? a. 0Pa c. 1.01105 Pa b. 5.05104 Pa d. 2.02105 Pa

d

9. A water bed that is 1.5 m wide and 2.5 m long weighs 1055 N. Assuming the entire lower surface of the bed is in contact with the floor, what is the pressure the bed exerts on the floor? a. 250 Pa c. 270 Pa b. 260 Pa d. 280 Pa

d

Energy transferred as heat occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in which of the following properties? a. mass c. density b. specific heat d. temperature

d

What is true about the volume of displaced fluid for an object that is completely submerged? a. The volume of displaced fluid is equal to the object's volume. b. The volume of displaced fluid is less than the object's volume. c. The volume of displaced fluid is greater than the object's volume. d. The volume of displaced fluid is not related to the object's volume.

d

Which of the following statements is correct? a. Liquids have a definite shape. b. Gases have a definite volume. c. Gases have a definite shape. d. Liquids have a definite volume.

d

Which statement about an object placed in water is correct? a. The apparent weight is always less than the weight of the object in air. b. The apparent weight is always equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. c. The apparent weight is never equal to zero. d. The apparent weight is never greater than the buoyant force.

d