Hazmat Tech Chapter 2
One atmosphere is how many pascals?
101.325 Pa
What is atmospheric pressure in Psi?
14.7psi
What is the definition of a Gas?
Compressible substance with no specific volume. It tends to assume the shape of its container. Molecules move about most rapidly in this state.
What is the definition of liquefied Gas?
Confined gas that at normal temperatures exists in both liquid and gaseous states. gases kept liquified under pressure
What is the definition of Flash Point?
The lowest temperature at which a liquid can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in the air NEAR the surface of the liquid and it will NOT support continuous burning.
What is the molecular weight of Air?
29
One atmosphere is how many mmHg?
760 mmHg This pressure is normally found at sea level
What is the definition of Polymerization?
A special chemical reaction where small molecule compounds called monomers react with themselves and form larger molecules called Polymers.
Definition of Mist?
Aerosol of liquid particles suspended in air.
Definition of Dust?
Airborne solid particles that may be 0.1-50 microns in diameter.
What is the definition of an oxidizer ?
Any material that readily yields oxygen or readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials. (A material that helps light stuff on fire)
What affect does pressure have on Vaporization?
As pressure decreases, vaporization of a substance increases As pressure increases, vaporization of a substance decreases.
What weather factors can affect the chemical and physical properties of materials?
Atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, dew points, and temperature
What is the definition of Molecular weight?
Average mass of one molecule.
How does the NFPA define flammable liquids and combustible liquids?
Flammable liquids have a flash point BELOW 100 degrees Combustible liquids have a flash point ABOVE 100 degrees
Definition of a vapor?
Gaseous state of a material that may normally be a solid or a liquid.
How does temperature affect vapor density?
Hot vapors will rise Cold vapors will sink
How does temperature affect viscosity?
Hotter liquids become thinner and flow better Colder liquids become thicker and flow worse
What is the definition of a Liquid?
Incompressible substance with constant volume that assumes the shape of its container. Molecules flow freely.
What affect does temperature have on vapor pressure?
Increases in temperature also increase vapor pressure
What is the definition of a combustible liquid?
Liquid having a flash point AT OR ABOVE 100 degrees and below 200 degrees.
What is the definition of Lower Flammable Limit? (LEL/LFL)
Lower limit in which a flammable gas/vapor will ignite and support combustion. Anything below this is too lean to burn.
Definition of Anhydrous
Material containing no water Dry or without water
Definition of Hydrophilic
Material that is attracted to water. This material may also dissolve or mix in water.
Definition of Hydrophobic
Material that is incapable of mixing with water
Definition of an Aerosol?
Microscopic particles that may be a solid or a liquid.
What is the International system of units?
Modern form of the metric system of measurement that standardizes mathematical quantification.
What is the definition of condensation?
Process of a gas turning into a liquid state
What are Pascals?
SI unit of measure used to indicate internal pressure and stress on a container
What are the three primary states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, or Gas
What states of matter have the least and most mobility?
Solids have the least mobility. Gases have the most mobility.
What is the definition of a solid?
Substance that has definite size and shape. The molecules of a solid have very little movement
Celsius scale definition
Temperature scale in which 0 degrees is freezing and the boiling point is 100 degrees
Fahrenheit scale definition
Temperature scale in which 32 degrees in freezing and 212 degrees is boiling
What is the definition of volatility?
The ability of a substance to vaporize easily at a relatively low temperature.
What is the definition of a Critical Point?
The end point of an equilibrium curve. Behaviors that can harm people. The point a material reaches where the chemical reaction initiated CANT be stopped until the reaction is complete.
What is the definition of autoignition temperature?
The lowest temp at which a substance will ignite in air when there is no ignition source
What is the definition of Specific gravity?
The mass of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume of water at a given temperature. Specific gravity LESS THAN ONE indicates a substance lighter than water. Specific gravity MORE THAN ONE indicates a substance heavier that water.
What is Maximum safe storage temperature? (MSST)
The maximum safe temp at which a product can be stored.
What is the definition of viscosity?
The measure of a liquids internal friction at a given temp. (Thickness, stickiness, ability to flow)
What is the definition of density?
The measure of how heavy a unit volume of a substance is.
What is the definition of Vapor Pressure?
The measurement of the ABILITY of a material to CHANGE from a liquid to a gas.
What is the definition of critical temperature?
The minimum temp at which a gas cannot be liquified no matter how much pressure is applied
What is the definition of Fire Point?
The minimum temp to which a substance must be heated to produce enough vapors for SUSTAINED combustion. (Fire point is usually a few degrees above flash point)
What is the definition of critical pressure?
The pressure necessary to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature
What is the definition of Flammable Range?
The range between the Upper flammable limit and the Lower flammable limit in which a substance can be ignited.
What is the definition of Vapor Expansion?
The ratio of how much VAPOR is created in relation to the volume of the ORIGINAL liquid/solid . (Vapor expansion ratio)
What is the definition of Evaporation Rate?
The speed at which some material changes from a liquid to a vapor.
What is Self accelerating decomposition temperature? (SADT)
The temp at which decomposition of an UNSTABLE substance continues unimpeded, regardless of ambient/external temperature
What is the definition of freezing point?
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid at normal atmospheric pressure
What is the definition of Melting Point?
The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid at normal atmospheric pressure
What is the definition of Boiling Point?
The temperature of a substance when vapor pressure EQUALS atmospheric pressure. At this point more liquid is turning into gas than gas is turning BACK into liquid.
What is the definition of Sublimation?
The transformation of a material from a solid into a vapor WITHOUT passing through a liquid state.
What is the definition of Expansion Ratio?
The volume of a substance in liquid form compared to the volume of the SAME number of molecules of that substance in gaseous form.
What is Millimeters of Mercury?
Unit of pressure measurement NOT used in SI. One mmHg is 133 pascals or 1 Torr
What is Torr?
Unit of pressure measurement not part of SI Measured as 1/760 of a standard atmosphere
What is a Bar?
Unit of pressure measurement, not part of SI One Bar = 100,000 Pascals
What is the definition of the Upper Flammable Limit? (UEL/UFL)
Upper limit in which a flammable gas/vapor will ignite and support combustion. Anything above this is too rich to burn.
Definition of Fog?
Visible aerosol of a liquid formed by condensation
What is the definition of Vapor Density?
Weight of pure vapor or gas compared to an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. Vapor density LESS THAN 1 indicates a vapor lighter than air (rises) Vapor density MORE THAN 1 indicates a vapor heavier than air (sinks)
What is the definition of a Phase Change?
When a substance changes from one state of matter to another. These changes of phase always occur with a change of heat
What is the definition of a Flammable liquid?
any liquid having a flash point BELOW 100 degrees and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40psi
What is a material safety data sheet?
reference material sheet that provides information on the chemical composition, physical/chemical properties, health/safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures.
