HCS212 CH. 20

A round cell with distinct bright orange-red granules is called a(n) A) eosinophil. B) agranulocyte. C) basophil. D) lymphocyte. E) None of the answers are correct.

a

Besides transporting respiratory gases, what other functions are performed by erythrocytes? A) None; transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide is their only function. B) They participate in the immune response with white blood cells. C) They carry antigens to the peripheral tissues. D) They assist in phagocytizing foreign pathogens. E) All of the answers are correct.

a

Composition of the plasma and the interstitial fluid differs chiefly in the concentration of A) dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide. B) sodium ions. C) glucose and other sugars. D) water. E) All of the answers are correct.

a

Platelets can initiate the clotting process by A) releasing enzymes and other factors at the appropriate times. B) attracting white blood cells to the site of the injury or infection. C) breaking down cellular debris by phagocytosis. D) coagulating plasma proteins and cellular debris into a plug. E) None of the answers are correct.

a

Progenitor cells form A) only specific types of blood cells. B) all the different types of blood cells. C) hematopoietic stem cells. D) stem cells. E) None of the answers are correct.

a

The hormone erythropoietin is produced and secreted A) during hypoxic conditions. B) by the spleen. C) by the bone marrow. D) in response to stimulation of the rate of cell division in erythroblasts. E) by shifting of production away from making stem cells.

a

The plasma of the blood contains about 7% A) plasma proteins. B) red blood cells. C) white blood cells. D) platelets. E) All of the answers are correct.

a

What blood cell type is activated in response to a damaged blood vessel? A) basophils B) neutrophils C) lymphocytes D) monocytes E) None of the answers are correct.

a

Which of the following statements is true? A) All lymphocytes are leukocytes. B) All leukocytes are lymphocytes. C) Basophils are agranulocytes. D) Monocytes are granulocytes. E) All of the answers are correct.

a

A sample of damaged tissue indicated the presence of eosinophils. This finding signifies that the tissue is A) normal. B) infected by parasites. C) inflamed. D) being rejected. E) None of the answers are correct.

b

Blood assists in defending the body against toxins and pathogens by A) warming the tissues immediately surrounding injury sites. B) transporting white blood cells to injury or infection sites. C) increasing the swelling of injured tissues. D) decreasing the pH of injured or infected tissues. E) All of the answers are correct.

b

Eosinophils A) represent up to 70 percent of the white blood cell population. B) are phagocytic cells. C) are among the largest of the white blood cells. D) are agranular leukocytes. E) None of the answers are correct.

b

The class of protein involved in clotting is (the) A) albumins. B) fibrinogens. C) globulins. D) transport globulins. E) None of the answers are correct.

b

The leukocyte with small granules that stain with both types of stain is the A) leukocyte. B) neutrophil. C) basophil. D) eosinophil. E) None of the answers are correct.

b

The major differences between plasma and interstitial fluid include A) plasma has much lower protein levels. B) plasma has a much higher protein concentration. C) plasma oxygen levels are lower than those of interstitial fluid. D) plasma has very different potassium ion concentrations. E) plasma has very different sodium ion concentrations.

b

The process of moving toward an area due to chemical signals is called A) DIFF. B) chemotaxis. C) diapedesis. D) phagocytosis. E) None of the answers are correct.

b

The white blood cells that contain granules with histamine are called A) eosinophils. B) basophils. C) neutrophils. D) erythrocytes. E) lymphocytes.

b

Which of the following is not a reason for erythrocytes' flattened "doughnut" shape? A) It increases the surface area available for gas diffusion. B) It allows them to fit together with leukocytes to facilitate the transport of both. C) It allows them to "stack" together to pass through small blood vessels more efficiently. D) It gives them flexibility so that they can pass through the circulation more easily. E) It allows the minimum distance for diffusion of gases.

b

During development, some embryonic blood cells A) appear during the eighth week of development. B) move out of the peripheral tissues and into circulation. C) differentiate into stem cells. D) enter the circulation to differentiate further. E) None of the answers are correct.

c

Macrophages, Langerhans cells, and microglia are types of A) lymphocytes. B) neutrophils. C) monocytes. D) eosinophils. E) RBCs.

c

Plasma protein attached to cholesterol is a form of A) albumin. B) fibrinogen. C) lipoprotein. D) globulin. E) carbohydrate.

c

Plasma proteins that are important in body defense are the A) clotting proteins. B) fibrinogens. C) immunoglobulins. D) albumins. E) metalloproteins.

c

Surface antigens are A) agglutinins. B) antibodies. C) agglutinogens. D) immunoglobulins. E) All of the answers are correct.

c

The administration of antibodies to a pregnant women with Rh- blood is used to prevent A) agglutination. B) antibody reactions. C) hemolytic disease of the newborn. D) a transfusion reaction. E) None of the answers are correct.

c

The blood type of an individual is determined at the cellular level by A) the sex of the individual. B) the metabolic rate of the individual. C) the presence or absence of specific components in the erythrocyte plasmalemmas. D) the age and physical condition of the individual. E) None of the answers are correct.

c

The blood type that could be given to anyone without the risk of a cross reaction is A) A. B) B. C) O. D) Rh+. E) AB.

c

The molecule that binds oxygen contains globin proteins with four attached A) oxygens. B) acids. C) heme groups. D) iron ions. E) fibrinogens.

c

To find out the amount of each type of leukocyte it is necessary to do A) a complete blood count (CBC). B) a lymphocyte count. C) a differential count. D) an RBC count. E) All of the answers are correct.

c

What type of tissue is blood? A) muscle tissue B) nervous tissue C) connective tissue D) epithelial tissue E) Blood does not fit into any of the typical categories.

c

Which is the least common type of white blood cell? A) neutrophil B) eosinophil C) basophil D) monocyte E) lymphocyte

c

Which of the following formed element is required for hemostasis? A) lymphocyte B) neutrophil C) platelets D) basophils E) All of the answers are correct.

c

Which of the following is(are) true of leukocytes? A) They have very long life spans. B) They are mostly located in the bloodstream, which they use as a rapid means of transport to peripheral tissues. C) They are attracted to the specific chemical stimuli emitted by invading pathogens, damaged tissues, and other white blood cells. D) They enter peripheral tissues through the openings in fenestrated capillaries. E) All of the answers are correct.

c

Which of the following lab values is in the normal range for adults? A) 6—9 liters of blood B) blood pH 6—6.5 C) blood temperature about 100—100.5 degrees D) 2—3 million cells per milliliter E) None of the answers are correct.

c

Why is oxygen able to diffuse out of the bloodstream and into the peripheral tissues passively? A) Oxygen has the unique ability to diffuse in or out of any tissue at any time. B) There is a higher concentration of oxygen in the tissues than in the bloodstream. C) There is a lower concentration of oxygen in the tissues than in the bloodstream. D) The plasma has higher quantities of dissolved proteins. E) None of the answers are correct.

c

A low red cell count could cause which of the following problems? A) impaired immune response B) inefficient toxin removal from the tissues C) a reduced rate of diapedesis D) diminished transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide E) All of the answers are correct.

d

An elevated hematocrit constitutes what condition? A) hypovolemia B) hypervolemia C) anemia D) polycythemia E) rouleaux

d

For erythropoiesis to proceed normally, the progenitor cells must receive adequate supplies of which of the following? (1) amino acids (2) calcium (3) iron (4) vitamin B12 (5) vitamin K (6) vitamin A A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 B) 2, 4, 6 C) 1, 3, 5 D) 1, 3, 4 E) 2, 3, 5, 6

d

Formed elements include which of the following? A) water B) immunoglobulins C) proteins D) red blood cells E) None of the answers are correct.

d

Lymphocytes A) are an abnormal finding in blood. B) are slightly smaller than red blood cells. C) make up 50—60 percent of the white blood cell population. D) are responsible for specific immunity. E) are produced only upon demand.

d

Myeloid stem cells produce all of the following formed elements except: A) erythrocytes. B) platelets. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

d

Rh antigen is also called A) anti-A. B) the A agglutinin. C) the B agglutinin. D) the D agglutinogen. E) the R factor.

d

Slightly less than one percent of the RBC population are (the) A) erythroblasts. B) mature RBCs. C) proerythroblasts. D) reticulocytes. E) None of the answers are correct.

d

What formed element in the blood is flattened and circular, lacks a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, and is red in color because of the presence of hemoglobin? A) eosinophil B) basophil C) lymphocyte D) erythrocyte E) platelet

d

When an agglutinin meets its specific agglutinogen, what will occur? A) These cell elements cause the cells to repel one another, thus spacing themselves out in the blood. B) The blood type will change from that of the agglutinin to that of the agglutinogen. C) A cross-matching will occur. D) The blood cells will clump together in a process called agglutination. E) The agglutinin will bind to the agglutinogen.

d

Which of the following prevents an erythrocyte from using the oxygen it carries? A) the lack of a nucleus B) a biconcave shape C) the presence of hemoglobin D) the lack of mitochondria E) None of the answers are correct.

d

Which of the following would be classified as hypervolemic for the average adult male? A) 6 liters B) 3 liters C) pH = 6 D) 8 liters E) pH = 8

d

________ exists when the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. A) Polycythemia B) Hypovolemia C) Hypervolemia D) Anemia E) Reduced viscosity

d

A condition related to the insufficient production of clotting factors is known as A) iron-deficient anemia. B) polycythemia. C) embolitis. D) hemolytic disease of the newborn. E) hemophilia.

e

A round cell whose nucleus resembles a string of beads is a(n) A) eosinophil. B) RBC. C) macrophage. D) monocyte. E) neutrophil.

e

Compared to water, whole blood is A) sticky. B) resistant to flow. C) cohesive. D) about five times more viscous. E) All of the answers are correct.

e

Development of lymphocytes involves (the) A) thymus. B) bone marrow. C) colony-stimulating factors. D) lymph nodes. E) All of the answers are correct.

e

Megakaryocytes produce A) proteins. B) enzymes. C) membranes. D) platelets. E) All of the answers are correct.

e

Which blood cell lacks a nucleus? A) megakaryocyte B) basophil C) monocyte D) lymphocyte E) erythrocyte

e

Which of the following are produced in the bone marrow? A) myeloid stem cells B) granulocytes C) monocytes D) basophils E) All of the answers are correct.

e

Monocytes become polymorphonucleocytes.

false

Neutrophils are the most abundant formed elements in the blood.

false

Platelets are components of the immune system.

false

The matrix of the blood, which has a density only slightly greater than water is called serum.

false

Basophils contain histamine granules.

true

Blood cells and blood cell components suspended in the matrix are collectively called the formed elements.

true

Eosinophils are useful against parasitic infections.

true

Lymphocytes include the B and T cells.

true

Neutrophils are the most numerous leukocytes.

true

Small packets of cytoplasm that contain enzymes and factors important in blood clotting are called platelets.

true