HDFS Chapter 1,2,3,5 and 6

About ____ percent of Americans say that they favor legal marriage for same-sex couples?

60

Early childhood experience with caregivers shape psychological attachment styles. Ex: Secure, insecure/anxious, and avoidant

Attachment theory

Sees individuals as enacting culturally fashioned scripts and socially prescribed roles in front of others (everyday-life audiences).

Dramaturgy

The ecological context of the family affects family life and children's outcomes.

Family Ecology Perspective

__________ promote recognition of women's unpaid work and the greater involvement of men in childcare and household.

Feminist perspectives

Among immigrants, males may lose some masculine___________ because of the changing gender roles upon entering the U.S.

Privilege

Cohabitation has emerged as a lifestyle

That is much more common than marriage.

A way of viewing reality, or a lens through which analysts organize and interpret what they observe. Researchers on the family identify those aspects of families that are of interest to them, based on their own theoretical perspective.

Theoretical Perspective

A divided perception according to which she is aware of and often troubled by two conflicting messages: first, that caregiving is most important for her; second, that caregiving is not as highly valued across society as is career success

bifurcated consciousness

The _________ perspective focuses on how the family influences and is influenced by the environment that surrounds it.

family ecology

Refers to the degree to which we see ourselves as feminine, masculine, transsexual—or perhaps even non gender and having no gender at all.

gender identity

More than ______ of all nonmarital births occur to cohabiting couples.

half

Particularly among college educated women, parenthood is _________.

postponed

Is used in reference to male or female anatomy and physiology.

sex

This refers to the form a family takes, and varies according to the social environment in which it is embedded.

family structure

The _______ perspective looks at the family as a whole; where change in one part sets in motion a process to restore equilibrium.

family systems

Sociologist E. Kay Trimberger identified several "pillars of support" for unattached single women. Which of the following is NOT one of these "pillars"?

financial comfort

The best decisions are ________ ones.

informed

The text points out that _________ is closely related to the concept of date rape.

sexual coercion

Change their physical anatomy and/or physiology through sex-reassignment surgery or less invasive measures such as hormone therapy, electrolysis (hair removal) or breast or calf implants, among others.

transsexuals

Individuals who change their physical anatomy through sex-reassignment surgery are

transsexuals

Evolution has put in place certain biological endowments that shape and limit family.

Biosocial Perspective

Define concepts scientists are investigating.

Defining terms

Which of the following is NOT a style of relating, according to attachment theory?

compliant

feminine people are thought to embody _______ character traits

expressive (or communal)

This __________ _________________ is apparent in our cultural expectations about how people should behave.

gender differentiation

For any group of people residing together refers to a

household

These values encourage people to think in terms of personal happiness and goals and the development of a distinct individual identity. An individualistic orientation gives more weight to the expression of individual preferences and the maximization of individual talents and options.

individualistic (self-fulfillment) values

Refers to the idea that there are varied ways to demonstrate masculinity. Three major culturally defined obligations for men involve (1)group leadership, (2)protecting group territory and weaker or dependent others, and (3)providing resources

masculinities

It is now recognized that men are not equally privileged, nor or women equally disadvantaged; gender is examined in relation to linkages to ______/ __________ and _______ (_______________).

race/ ethnicity, class (intersectionality).

Economic and social forces, that limit personal choices are called

structural constraints.

Compared to marrieds, cohabitants pool their money__________.

to a lesser extent

Traditional gender roles cause both men and women

to discover opportunities not otherwise explored.

The U.S. Census Bureau defines a family as a

two or more persons sharing a household and who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

What are the five social factors that affect family?

1). Ever- New Biological and communication technologies 2). Economic Conditions 3). Historical Periods and events 4). Demographic characteristics 5). Family policy

Social scientists usually list three major functions filled by today's families:

1). Raising children responsibly 2). Providing economic and other practical support 3). Offering emotional security

Facts about Families: 1). Marriage is _____________ to Americans but _____ to the extent it was sixty years ago. 2). A _________ group of people are married today. 3). Young people are ___________ marriage. 4).With some usually religion-based expectations, ____________ has become an acceptable family form as well as a transitional lifestyle choice. 5). __________ has declined. 6). Particularly among college-educated ___________, parenthood is often ____________. 7). Compared to 4% in 1950, the ____________ birth rate is high with 44.3% of all U.S. births today being to ___________ mothers. 8). Same-sex-couple households __________ by 80% between 2000 and 2010. 9). Though it has been falling since 1980, the ________ _____ is high. 10). The remarriage rate has ___________ in recent decades but remains significant.

1).important, not 2). smaller 3). postponing 4). cohabitation 5). Fertility 6). women, postponed 7). nonmarital, unmarried 8). increased 9). divorce rate 10). declined

Same sex couple households increased by _____ percent between 2000 and 2010.

80

Gender is central to the analysis of the family. Male dominance in society and in the family is oppressive of women

Conflict and Feminist Theory

_________ -______________ ___________ gather data just once, giving us a snapshot-like, one-time view of behaviors or attitudes.

Cross-sectional studies

_____________ _____________ in research begins with a hypothesis that has been derived from a theoretical point of view.

Deductive reasoning

Has no biological connotations; refers to cultural distinctions often based in language, religion, foodways, and history.

Ethnicity

The resources that individuals bring to a relationship or family affect formation, continuation, nature, and power dynamics of a relationship.

Exchange Theory

___________ _________ such as family togetherness, stability, and loyalty focus on the family as a whole. They are ____________ or collective values; that is, they emphasize the needs, goals, and identity of the group.

Familistic values, communal

Others agree that changes have occured with family, but argue that change represents historically expected adjustments to changing conditions in society. Advocates argue that we need to view the family from a historically standpoint. Family changes can be for the better. This refers to the

Family change perspective

__________ _______ involves all the procedures, regulations, attitudes, and goals of programs and agencies, workplace, educational institutions, and government that affect families.

Family policy

the family as a whole is more than the sum of its parts (A therapeutic approach theory).

Family systems theory

Claims that cultural change toward excessive individualism and self-indulgence has hurt relationships, led to high divorce rates, and undermines responsible parenting.

Family-decline perspective

Culturally defined ways of being a woman. The plural conveys the idea that there are varied models of appropriate behavior. Traditionally, the pivotal expectation for a woman has been for her to offer emotional support. The ideal woman has been expected to be physically attractive, not too competitive, a good listener, adaptable, and a man's always supportive helpmate. She was further expected to be a "good mother," putting her family's and children's needs before her own.

Femininities

Set of societal norms that prescribe what is and is not acceptable behavior for individuals, according to their gender. Gender expectations, taken together, constitute a gender role.

Gender Expectations

Which term is used by the text to describe societal attitudes and behaviors associated with an individual's anatomical sex assigned at birth?

Gender expectations

Differences will arise in a satisfying long-term relationship because no two individuals _______.

Have exactly the same points of view

Which of the following is NOT one of the early indicators that a dating partner is likely to become violent eventually?

He/She grew up in a divorced home

__________ refers to marriage between those who are different in race, age, education, religious background, or social class.

Heterogamy

_______________ ___________ observe detailed facts and then induce, or "reason up," to arrive at generalizations grounded in the observed data.

Inductive reasoning

By means of interaction, humans construct sociocultural meanings. The internal dynamics of a group of interacting individuals construct the family.

Interaction-Constructionist Perspective

A term where individuals have ambiguous genital anatomy

Intersexed

________________ __________ provide long-term information as researchers continue to gather data over an extended period of time.

Longitudinal studies

______________ __________, the scientist gathers, analyzes, and reports data primarily in words or stories

Qualitative research

Is a social construction that reflects how people view varied social groups.

Race

Involves one or more surgical procedures that change a transgender individual's genitalia or other biological sex characteristics to correspond with the person's gender identity; also called gender reassignment surgery, gender realignment surgery, and more often now gender confirmation surgery.

Sex-reassignment surgery

Family is understood to be a _________ _____________.

Social institution

____________ ________ are patterned and largely predictable ways of thinking and behaving that are organized around vital aspects of group life and serve essential social functions,

Social institutions

The text observes that children imitate models for behavior and are rewarded by parents and others for whatever is perceived as sex-appropriate behavior. This reflects which theory of socialization?

Social learning

the family performs essential functions for society.

Structural-functional Perspective

Refers to persons who change gender identity.

Transgender

Which of the following reasons is espoused by your textbook as a good reason for ending a relationship?

When the relationship is characterized by violence or consistent verbal abuse.

To help accomplish ethical standards, most researchers now must have their research plans reviewed by

an institutional review board (IRB)

An immigrant family in which some members are citizens or legal residents of the country they migrate to, while others are undocumented—that is, they are not legal residents.

binational

While family members increasingly encourage girls to develop instrumental skills,

boys are still discouraged from cultivating tenderness

The text points out that Puerto Rican women have a long history of

consensual marriages

An alternate ___________ for men emphasizes adventure, sometimes coupled with violence and/or the need to outwit, humiliate, and defeat other men in barroom brawls, contact sports, and war.

cultural message

Family change is attributed to which of the following influences?

economic trends and cultural trends

According to the wheel of love theory, there are four stages in the development of love. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

erotic

The ____________ _________ of parents, children, grandparents, and other relatives performed most societal functions, including economic production (e.g., the family farm), protecting family members, providing vocational training, and maintaining social order.

extended family

The _________ _________ _____ ___________________ advocates for thinking about public policies in terms of how they affect whole family units.

family impact lens perspective

families experience predictable changes over time.

family life course development framework

Researchers have found it discouraging that about__________ of abusive dating relationships continue rather then being broken off.

half

Research has compared adolescents living in married, two-biological-parent families with those who have lived with a cohabiting parent. Those adolescents who have lived with a cohabiting parent are more likely to experience all EXCEPT which of the following?

higher academic test scores

Despite its growing appeal among college students, __________ has unfortunately been empirically linked to known risky behaviors such as alcohol abuse and engaging in sexual intercourse without using a condom.

hooking up

Exchange theory stresses the importance of _________ in family relationships.

how family members use their resources to trade with other family members.

Compared to 50 years ago, marriage is not as __________ to Americans.

important

The proportion of middle-aged cohabitors has ________ over the past two decades.

increased

masculine people are often thought to have __________ character traits

instrumental (or agentic)

According to the ________ perspective, children develop self-concepts bases on feedback from those around them.

interaction-constructionist

The question of how two previously separate individuals come together and over time create a shared view of themselves as a couple would be best answered using which perspective?

interaction-constructionist

Many parenting couples move in together, then out, then back in, a situation referred to as

intermittent cohabitation

The term _______ group conveys the idea that persona is non-white race/ethnic categories experience some disadvantages.

minority

Compared to the recent past, children are __________ likely to live with a grandparent today.

more

Typically family with the husband, wife, children, which was better suited to city life.

nuclear family

According to the text, one disadvantage of survey research is it depends on the

participant's honestly, motivation, and ability to respond.

The term _____________ ________ came into use to acknowledge the fact that families today exhibit a multiplicity of forms and that new or altered family forms continue to emerge and develop.

postmodern family

In ________________ ___________, the scientist gathers, analyzes, and reports data that can be quantified or understood in numbers.

quantitative research

This can be defined as "a logical system that bases knowledge on ... systematic observation" and on empirical evidence—facts we verify with our senses

science

Personal experience must be combined with ____________ ________. ______________ ________________and _____________ regarding family may limit the ability to study and understand fairly the experience of family.

scientific inquiry, Personal experiences, assumptions

Families provide a setting for the development of an individual's ______-____________—basic feelings people have about themselves, their abilities, characteristics, and worth.

self-concept

Placing an individual's or family's private troubles within a society-wide context.

sociological imagination

From interviews and observations, the authors reveal that:

there are many definitions given for "family".

A family of immigrants or immigrant stock that maintains close ties with the sending country. Identity and behavior connect the immigrant family to the new country and the old, and their social networks cross national boundaries.

transnational families

deciding versus sliding

two ways of dealing with decisions. deciding is making an informed decision and sliding is just falling into a decision