Head and Neck Anatomy - Exam 1
What branch passes through superior orbital fissure?
1st branch of trigeminal nerve 5
What passes through foramen rotundum?
2nd branch of trigeminal nerve 5
What passes through foramen ovale?
3rd branch of trigeminal nerve 5
From the following list of structures, select which structures are NOT located in the temporal region of the face.
Alae, Antitragus, Nasion, Vermilion border, Philtrum
From the following list of structures, select which structures are located in the nasal region of the face.
Alae, Nasion
What is the anatomic relationship of the teeth located in the front of the mouth to the teeth located in the back of the mouth?
Anterior
When a patient is in anatomic position, what is the surface of the palms of the hand considered?
Anterior
Which surface of the body is visualized when performing an extraoral examination that includes the patient's eyes?
Anterior
Which part of the nasal region will feel flexible when palpated?
Apex of the nose
How does the mandibular condyle move in relationship to the temporal bone?
Articular fossa
An area closer to the median plane is considered by anatomists to be distal, and an area farther from the median plane is considered proximal.
Both statements are false
An area closer to the median plane of the body or structure is considered lateral. An area farther from the median plane of the body or structure is considered proximal.
Both statements are false
The frontal eminence is usually MORE pronounced in males, and the supraorbital ridge is MORE prominent in females and children.
Both statements are false.
The yellower and looser posterior part of the palate is the hard palate; it is the larger part of the palate since it comprises 85% of the total surface.
Both statements are false.
Muscles may differ in size and details of their attachments. Joints, vessels, nerves, glands, lymph nodes, fasciae, and spaces of an individual can vary in size, location, and even presence.
Both statements are true
Structures on the same side of the body are considered ipsilateral. Structures on the opposite side of the body are considered contralateral. Correct!
Both statements are true
The inner side of the wall of a hollow structure is referred to as internal. In contrast, the outer side of the wall of a hollow structure is external.
Both statements are true
The ventral part is directed toward the anterior and is considered the opposite of the dorsal part when considering the entire body. Correct!
Both statements are true
During the extraoral examination, palpating inferior to and medial to the angles of the mandible is important BECAUSE this will allow the dental professional to effectively palpate the hyoid bone.
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
The dental professional MUST be thoroughly familiar with the surface anatomy of the head and neck in order to examine patients BECAUSE features of the surface provide essential landmarks for many deeper anatomic structures.
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
The dental professional MUST have a thorough understanding of head and neck anatomy when performing patient examination procedures, both extraoral and intraoral. Certain terms can be used to give information about the depth of a structure in relationship to the surface of the body.
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the occipital bone.
Condyle, Tubercle, and Notch
What is the anatomic relationship of the right arm to the left leg?
Contralateral
What is the anatomic relationship of the muscles to the skin?
Deep
What is the term for the top surface of the tongue?
Dorsal
What is the flap of cartilage located posterior to the base of the tongue and anterior to the oropharynx?
Epiglottis
The cribifom plate is located on the superior aspect of the _________ and and is perforated by several foramina to allow for the passage of ____________
Ethmoid bone, olfactory nerves
From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the tympanic part of the temporal bone.
External acoustic meatus, Pterotympanic fissure
What passes through the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial nerve 7
What does the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve pass through?
Foramen ovale
What does the 2nd branch of trigeminal nerve 5 pass through?
Foramen rotundum
Which of the following is meant by the term "ventral"?
Front of an area of the body
From the following list of skull bones, select which skull bones articulate with the ethmoid bone.
Frontal bone, Sphenoid bone, Lacrimal bones
What is another term for coronal plane?
Frontal plane
What passes through the greater palatine foramen?
Greater palatine nerve
The transverse section is a division through a _____ plane.
Horizontal
What is another term for a transverse section?
Horizontal section
Through which of the following openings in the skull does the twelfth cranial nerve pass?
Hypoglossal canal
Which of the following external foramina can be observed from both the inferior and superior aspects of the skull?
Hypoglossal canal, Foramen ovale, Foramen spinosum
What passes through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve 12
Where is the pterygoid process of the skull located?
Inferior to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
What passes through the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery
What passes through the jugular foramen?
Internal jugular vein and cranial nerves: glossopharyngeal nerve 9, vagus nerve 10, and accessory nerve 11
From the following list of terms, select which terms relate to either an inner OR an outer side of a wall of a hollow organ.
Internal, External
From the following list of terms, select which terms relate to a structure being either on the same side of the body OR on the opposite side of the body.
Ipsilateral, Contralateral
Which of the following is the location of the articulation of the parietal bone and the occipital bone?
Lambdoidal suture
Where are folliate lingual papillae located in the oral cavity?
Lateral border of tongue
The squamosal suture is BEST observed from which view of the skull?
Lateral view
What passes through the lesser palatine foramen?
Lesser palatine nerve
Describe the supraorbital notch, and its location, as well as the two structures that pass through it and where they travel to:
Located on the medial part of the supraorbital ridge, and is where the supraorbital artery and nerve travel from the orbit to the forehead
Which of the following describes a patient's eyes when they are in anatomic position?
Looking straight forward
Which of the following bones listed is the ONLY movable bone of the skull?
Mandible
The buccal region of the head is composed of soft tissues of the cheek. Most of the upper cheek is fleshy, mainly formed by a mass of fat and muscle. Which is the strong muscle felt in this area when the patient clenches his or her teeth together?
Masseter muscle
From the following list of structures, select which structures are located in the buccal region of the face.
Masseter muscle, Angle of mandible
From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the petrous part of the temporal bone.
Mastoid process, Carotid canal
What is another term for midsagittal plane?
Median plane
From the following list of terms, select which terms DIRECTLY relate to the median plane of the body. Correct!
Median, Lateral
The first statement is true; the second is false.
Median/Sagittal, Frontal/Horizontal
What passes through the mental foramen?
Mental nerve and mental blood vessels
What passes through foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
Trying to fully survey the areas of the scalp during an extraoral examination is NOT very important because lesions are easily visualized by the patient and then can be shared with the clinician.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the nasal cavity.
Nasion, Conchae, and Meatus
What passes through the incisive canal?
Nasopalatine nerve
From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the frontal bone.
Notch, Glabella, Eminence
What passes through the superior orbital fissure?
Oculomotor nerve 3, trochlear nerve 4, and abducens nerve 6; 1st branch of trigeminal nerve 5
What passes through superior orbital fissure?
Oculomotor nerve 3, trochlear nerve 4, trigeminal nerve 5, and abducens nerve 6; 1st branch of trigeminal nerve 5
What passes through the cribriform plate?
Olfactory nerve 1
What passes through the optic foramen?
Optic nerve 2
What is the six letter mnemonic that should remind you of the cranial bones?
PEST OF 6
Which of the following is CORRECT concerning the sagittal plane of the body?
Parallel to the median plane
What is the landmark located in the oral cavity that appears as a small elevation of tissue located on the inner part of the buccal mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar?
Parotid papilla
A horizontal plane is created by an imaginary line dividing the body at any level into superior and inferior parts and is ALWAYS _______ to the median plane.
Perpendicular
What is the vertical groove located at the midline superior to the upper lip that extends downward on the skin from the nasal septum?
Philtrum
Both the labial and buccal mucosa may vary in coloration, as do other regions of healthy oral mucosa, in individuals with _______ skin.
Pigmented
What rests in the sella turcica?
Pituitary gland
What is the dense pad of tissue just posterior to the most distal tooth of the mandible?
Retromolar pad
The eyeball is located in the orbital region of the head. On the eyeball is a white area with a central area of coloration. What is the term for the white area?
Sclera
From the following list of structures, select which structures are considered part of the eyeball.
Sclera, Iris, Conjunctiva
Why is the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone an important feature of the skull to the dental professionals? Correct!
Serves as an attachment for the muscles of mastication
What passes through the foramen magnum?
Spinal cord
Which muscle of the neck region divides each side of the neck diagonally into BOTH the anterior cervical triangle and the posterior cervical triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Which of the following is the CORRECT definition of the term labial?
Structures closest to the lips
On the petrous part of the temporal bone, inferior and medial to the external acoustic meatus, is a long pointed bony projection, the _______________________, a structure that serves for the attachment of tongue and pharyngeal muscles and ligaments. Correct!
Styloid process
After the seventh cranial nerve travels through the petrous part of the temporal bone, through which opening does it exit onto the face?
Stylomastoid foramen
The regions of the head include specific anatomic structures. Which region listed below is NOT included in the regions of the head?
Submental
Which of the following bony features listed does NOT serve as an opening in bone?
Sulcus
From the following list of terms, select which terms can be used to give information about the depth of a structure in relationship to the surface of the body.
Superficial, Deep
What is the anatomic relationship of the maxillary arch to the mandibular arch?
Superior
What is the anatomic relationship of the shoulders to the hips?
Superior
What are the three projecting structures that create the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and which extend inward from the maxillae?
Superior conchae, middle conchae and inferior conchae
What structure does the 1st branch of trigeminal nerve 5 pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
Which of the following openings within the orbit connect the orbit with the cranial cavity?
Superior orbital fissure
Which of the following skull bones are considered to be paired cranial bones?
Temporal bones
The number of bones and muscles in the head and neck is NOT usually constant and specific details of these structures can vary from patient to patient.
The first statement is false; the second is true.
The eyes are usually near the midpoint of the vertical height of the head. The width of each eye is usually the same as the distance between the ears.
The first statement is true; and the second is false.
The jaws are within the oral cavity and deep to the lips. Underlying the upper lip is the mandible, while the maxillae underlies the lower lip.
The first statement is true; and the second is false.
The palate or roof of the mouth has two parts: an anterior part and a posterior part. The firmer whiter posterior part is the hard palate.
The first statement is true; and the second is false.
The face is on the anterior side of the head, and the neck is superior and posterior to the face.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
The median plane is created by an imaginary line dividing the body into equal right and left halves. On the surface of the body, these halves are NEVER symmetric in structure.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
The superior and posterior free margin of the auricle is the helix, which ends inferiorly at the lobule. The lobule is a small flap of tissue that is the part of the auricle anterior to the external acoustic meatus.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
The body of the sphenoid bone has three paired processes projecting from it:
The lesser wing, the greater wing, and the pterygoid process
The larger anterior oval opening on the sphenoid bone is the foramen ovale for:
The mandibular nerve, A division of the trigeminal nerve
One structure of the oral cavity is the tongue, which is known as the gateway to the oral region BECAUSE the tongue is a prominent feature of the oral cavity.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
Loss of height in the lower third of the face, which contains the teeth and jaws, can occur in certain circumstances such as with normal growth and excellent orthodontic therapy.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
What passes through foramen ovale?
The third branch of the trigeminal nerve
From the following list of structures, select which structures are located in the oral region of the face.
Vermilion border, Philtrum
Match the skull bone(s) that form the superior wall, medial wall, lateral wall, and the base of the skull's orbit.
Zygomatic and sphenoid bones: Lateral wall Ethmoid and lacrimal bones: Medial wall Sphenoid and palatine bones: Base Frontal bone: Superior wall
The line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa is the
mucogingival junction.
What passes through the optic foramen?
optic nerve 2 and ophthalmic artery
What passes through the supraorbital foramen?
supraorbital nerve and supraorbital blood vessels
