Health 231- Chapter 3

Cortisol is secreted by the... A. Adrenal glands. B. Thymus. C. Thyroid gland. D. Pituitary gland.

adrenal glands

Relationships can cause stress in all the following ways EXCEPT... A. excitement and eustress in the early stages of a new relationship. B. jobs with high expectations and low control. C. competition and conflicts with work colleagues. D. aspiring to be the best one can be.

aspiring to be the best one can be

Nathan's piano teacher is insisting that he practice more, while at the same time he is overloaded with assignments in his academic classes, worried about how he's going to make the final payments on this semester's tuition bill, and having trouble sleeping. Nathan is at high risk for... A.episodic acute stress B. burnout C. dementia D. posttraumatic stress disorder

burnout

Tessa is dreading her chemistry final. When she finds herself thinking that she's going to fail the exam, she tells herself, "No, I might not ace it, but I've been studying and I'm definitely going to pass." Tessa is engaging in a process referred to as... A. affirmations. B. cognitive restructuring. C. meditation. D. stress inoculation.

cognitive restructuring

Stress management consists of... A. finding balance and developing coping strategies. B. firmly controlling reactions to stress. C. learning to juggle as many tasks as possible. D. eliminating all sources of stress.

finding balance and developing coping strategies

To replenish vital energy stores, which of the following would be particularly helpful? A. Broadening one's social support system. B. A regimen of "energy-boosting" supplements. C. Increasing alcohol intake to promote relaxation. D. Getting more sleep and "down time".

getting more sleep and "down time"

Your roommate just ate the last of your trail mix without asking. Which type of stressor is this? A. Pressure. B. Conflict. C. Change. D. Hassle.

hassle

Suicidal ideation is significantly associated with... A. broken heart syndrome. B. high stress and low self-esteem. C. hostility. D. a Type D personality.

high stress and low self-esteem

The physiological state in which all body systems are in balance and functioning normally is... A. Adaptation. B. Eustress. C. Homeostasis. D. Recovery.

homeostasis

Research has shown that laughter results in all of the following EXCEPT... A. increased levels of oxygen in the blood. B. pain reduction. C. increased risk of heart disease. D. decreased stress levels.

increased risk of heart disease

Melanie grew up in extreme poverty, but won a full scholarship to a top liberal arts college. There, her sociology professor, who also comes from a poor family, has been helping Melanie to take a proactive approach to her current stressors and to focus on the future. These strategies are best classified as... A. coping and hoping. B. shifting and persisting. C. hardiness and grit. D. self-advocacy and self-efficacy.

shifting and persisting

Jade's heart races and she cannot think of anything to say when the cute guy in class sits next to her. This is an example of... A.the overreactive response. B. the stress response. C. homeostasis. D. hyperventilation.

the stress response

Meditation has been proven effective in managing stress. Which of the following is NOT true about meditation? A. It usually takes some effort and patience to learn to meditate. B. There is only one meditation style that is considered effective. C. Meditation allows the body to relax while the mind is focused. D. Meditation involves some method of calming and focusing the mind.

there is only one meditation style that is considered effective

All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT... A. your friend's level of stress. B. your past experiences. C. your age. D. your general health status.

your friend's level of stress

When acute stress bombards your brain with stress chemicals... A. your ability to make sound decisions is enhanced. B. you are more likely to be able to concentrate in class. C. you are likely to experience euphoria. D. your memory may be impaired.

your memory may be impaired

The body's attempt to restore homeostasis in the aftermath of a stress response is a(n) ________ response. A. fight-or-flight. B. adaptive. C. sympathetic. D. biological.

adaptive

Hearing a piercing scream late at night while walking on a campus path would likely trigger which phase of the general adaptation syndrome? A. alarm. B. exhaustion. C. resistance. D. recovery.

alarm

Julia is extremely upset to discover a suggestive e-mail her boyfriend has sent to another woman. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation? A. resistance. B. alarm. C. exhaustion. D. denial.

alarm

Eating healthy foods helps in managing stress... A. because food is comforting and eating can distract one from problems. B. although the precise reasons are not fully understood. C. because they are easier on the digestive system than junk foods. D. especially if they contain sympathomimetics.

although the precise reasons are not fully understood

Which of the following is most likely to cause eustress instead of distress? A. an impending promotion B. the death of a grandparent C. losing your job D. failing a test

an impending promotion

As part of the stress response, the hormone that makes stored nutrients available for energy is... A.epinephrine. B. thyroxine. C. cortisol. D. testosterone.

cortisol

The sum of exposure to stressors, including complex traumas, is known as... A. chronic stress. B. allostatic load. C. cumulative adversity. D. overload.

cumulative adversity

Which of the following is a useful strategy to prevent explosive anger? A. Avoid all situations that provoke anger. B. Pound on something soft, like a pillow. C. Have a couple of beers and watch TV to take your mind off the issue. D. Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others.

develop realistic expectations of yourself and others

Peter recently ended a relationship when he found out his partner was cheating on him. This probably caused... A.episodic stress. B. traumatic stress. C. eustress. D. distress.

distress

The primary hormone responsible for physiological stress responses such as increased heart and breathing rates is... A. thyroxin. B. epinephrine. C. insulin. D. cortisol.

epinephrine

Jake is an excellent student and seems pretty resilient. He is passionate about becoming a pediatrician someday, and perseveres despite a high stress level due to his heavy course load and tight finances. Which of the following traits does Jake demonstrate? A. the typical Type B personality. B. the typical Type A personality. C. grit. D. shifting.

grit

Brian is considered a Type A personality by his friends because of his history of "road rage" and extreme competitiveness. All the following put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT... A, bouts of anger ranging from irritation to rage. B. his negative beliefs and hostile attitudes toward others. C. his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life. D. his actions that often harm others verbally or physically.

his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life

To manage stress, the first step is to... A. choose to ignore the stressors in your life. B. determine which stressors can be reduced or eliminated. C. control your emotional responses. D. identify and assess the stressors in your life.

identify and assess the stressors in your life

The immune system's ability to respond to assaults is known as... A. immunocompetence. B. defense. C. immunity. D. adaptation.

immunocompetence

Which of the following is NOT an indicator that a person's sympathetic nervous system has been activated? A. increased heart rate B. increased blood pressure C. increased salivation D. increased respiration

increased salivation

Exercise reduces stress primarily by... A. increasing endorphins and reducing levels of stress hormones. B. providing a therapeutic way to reduce or eliminate pain. C. suppressing endocrine function. D. expanding aerobic capacity.

increasing endorphins and reducing levels of stress hormones

Chronic stress may cause structural degeneration and impaired function of the brain, increasing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT... A. meningitis. B. dementia. C. depression. D. Alzheimer's disease.

meningitis

The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in... A. relieving pain. B. mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs. C. increasing heart and respiratory rates. D. decreasing appetite and thirst.

mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs

Of the following choices, the source of stress experienced by the greatest percentage of American adults is... A. personal health concerns. B. relationships. C. money. D. family responsibilities.

money

Which of the following statements about the graduating class of 2016 is true? A. The graduates' average debt was about $17,000. B. Experts estimate that about 5 percent of these graduates will default on their student loans. C. Nearly two-thirds reported that they were moving back in with their parents to save money. D. More than 70 percent of these students graduated with significant debt.

more than 70 percent of these students graduated with significant debt

Mariah is behind on her coursework because of training for the upcoming tryouts for the swim team. On top of that, she broke up with her boyfriend last week. Monica, her twin sister, does not participate on a sports team and has plenty of time to get her homework done before her boyfriend visits most evenings. Compared to Monica, Mariah is likely to experience... A. better sleep. B. more upper respiratory illness. C. fewer incidences of cold-related symptoms. D. less joint pain.

more upper respiratory illness

One reason the validity of the Type A personality theory has been debated is that... A. the early research had serious methodological flaws. B. far more people have been found to have Type C or D personality rather than Type A or B. C. not all Type A people experience negative health consequences. D. most people have either Type A or Type B personalities.

not all Type A people experience negative health consequences

Stress caused by not being able to accomplish all tasks and obligations in the time available is known as... A. overload. B. chronic stress. C. pressure. D. acute stress.

overload

The feeling that you are overextended and that it's not possible for you to meet all the demands being placed up on you is known as... A. frustration. B. overload. C. pressure. D. homeostasis.

overload

The gland that secretes ACTH is the... A. pituitary. B. adrenal. C. thymus. D. thyroid.

pituitary

Eleanor comes from a low-income family and struggles to pay for her tuition, room, board, and school supplies. The other students in her major all seem to have no trouble purchasing everything they need, as well as new clothes, meals off campus, concert tickets, and the latest technology. Lately, Eleanor has been struggling with feelings of inferiority, low self-esteem, and doubt that may be due in part to... A. background distressors. B. hassles. C. relative deprivation. D. discrimination.

relative deprivation.

After Julia discovers a suggestive e-mail her boyfriend sent to another woman, she considers how to confront him about it. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation? A. exhaustion. B. alarm. C. resistance. D. denial.

resistance

Luci has worked as a customer service representative for two years. She believes that this job has improved her ability to cope with a variety of stressful situations and is confident in her ability to do so. Luci is exhibiting which of the following personality traits? A. Type A. B. low self-esteem. C. self-efficacy. D. Type B.

self-efficacy

Which of the following is a key time management strategy that can reduce stress? A. only clean up clutter when you have enough time to get all of it. B. multitask. C. set clear implementation intentions toward a specific end. D. stack your mail in one place and go through it once a week.

set clear implementation intentions toward a specific end

The strategy of reframing appraisals of stressors more positively and working toward future goals is known as... A. shift and persist. B. stress inoculation. C. psychological resilience. D. downshifting.

shift and persist

Which of the following BEST describes a Type C personality? A. stoic. B. relaxed. C. distressed. D. hostile.

stoic

Which of the following is TRUE about stress? A. Stress is only produced by externally imposed factors and is always negative. B. Stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges. C. It is possible to eliminate all stressors in our lives if we try hard enough. D. Stress does not affect a person's general health.

stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges

Which of the following statements regarding stress and hair loss is NOT true? A. The most common type of stress-induced hair loss is telogen effluvium. B. Stress-related hair loss can occur in both men and women. C. Stress-induced hair loss occurs when colonies of hair are pushed into an active phase. D. Stress may cause hair to fall out in clumps.

stress-induced hair loss occurs when colonies of hair are pushed into an active phase

Which of the following forms of stress management originated as a form of self-defense? A. tai chi B. Taekwondo C. yoga D. qigong

tai chi

Downshifting refers to the process of... A. deliberately completing tasks at a slower pace. B. taking steps to simplify one's life. C. using meditation to combat the stress response. D. allowing passivity to take over as a result of stress.

taking steps to simply one's life

A sense of being overwhelmed by perceived obligations to stay connected online is... A. technostress. B. media stress. C. cyberstress. D. wikistress.

technostress

David woke up in the middle of the night because he smelled smoke. This most likely caused him to experience A. the resistance response. B. insomnia. C. the flight-or-fight response. D. the adaptation syndrome.

the fight-or-flight response

All of the following are techniques used in the Chinese art of feng shui EXCEPT... A. positioning your bed so that it is not aligned with the door. B. coordinating the colors of your walls and your bed linens. C. picking up clutter daily. D. using sheer curtains that let in as much light as possible.

using sheer curtains that let in as much light as possible

Jeff knows the midterm chemistry exam is going to be tough. He is trying to prepare for it by taking a practice test every night before he goes out with his buddies. Jeff is... A. increasing his level of stress before the test. B. restructuring his thinking patterns. C. using the technique of stress inoculation. D. using alcohol as a coping mechanism to relax.

using the technique of stress innoculation

Which of the following forms of stress management also improves strength and flexibility? A. deep breathing. B. visualization. C. yoga. D. biofeedback.

yoga

Among the following, the group most likely to struggle with stress are... A. older adult males. B. young adult females. C. older adult females. D. young adult males.

young adult females