Health and Nutrition test 2

Alciel, a strength athlete, is looking for a protein supplement to take after his workout. Which of the following is the best option and why?

A protein shake with about 25 grams of protein, as that is the most protein the body can use for muscle protein synthesis after a workout.

Which of the following statements regarding dietary supplements in the US is false?

According to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, dietary supplements are categorized as prescription drugs.

Which of the following would not cause protein denaturation in a food?

Adding black pepper to salmon

Which of these does not affect vitamin D synthesis in the body as a result of UV ray exposure?

An individual's iron status (hemoglobin level)

Christine started supplementing her diet with iron, selenium, and copper. For what body function are all three of these minerals required?

Antioxidant enzyme system activation

Which of the following lists functions that bones provide for the body?

Bones provide structural support, a mineral storage reservoir, and produce blood cells.

Selasi wants to increase his selenium intake after reading about all of its antioxidant properties in the body, but does not want to take a supplement to do so. A single serving of which of the following foods would most easily help meet his needs for selenium?

Brazil nuts

Which of these nutrients are part of the structure of bone?

Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus

Which of the following accurately lists functions of vitamin C?

Collagen production, immune system enhancement, vitamin E reactivation, and enhanced iron absorption.

Which of the following meals does not contain a complete protein.

Corn on the cob with butter

Daphne moved from Colorado to the University of Texas to run on the cross country team; after several weeks, she has noticed that she feels more comfortable exercising the heat and humidity. Which of these adaptations would not occur when someone is acclimating to the heat?

Decreased blood pressure during activity

Haileigh has a cancerous tumor that was successfully removed with surgery, but she is now undergoing chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells in her body. Based on the side effects she will likely experience as a result, which diet plan would you recommend for her?

Eating as many calories as possible in order to prevent malnutrition and excessive weight loss

Carter has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which type of molecule is associated with an increased risk of this disease?

Free radicals

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to benefit from a dietary supplement?

Harrison, who is recovering from major surgery as a result of burns on 60% of his body.

What information cannot be provided by a DEXA scan?

Hematocrit level (%)

Which of the following dietary mineral ratios would you recommend for someone with high blood pressure?

Higher potassium and lower sodium

Don Jung was just diagnosed with anemia and, despite increasing her iron intake, cannot seem to increase her iron levels in the body. What other dietary factors could be causing her anemia?

Inadequate vitamin C intake

Which of the following would not be a stimulus for the thirst mechanism in the brain?

Increased blood pressure

Which of the following is not a way in which an antioxidant enzyme system keeps free radicals under control?

Increased neutrophil production

Excess nitrogen may exist in the body as a result of synthesizing compounds that do not contain nitrogen from proteins. How does your body handle this excess nitrogen?

It is processed by the body and excreted as urea

Who is most at risk for dehydration?

Merlin: age 85, healthy weight, poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.

Vitamin E protects cell membranes by:

Neutralizing free radicals present in the cell membranes through electron donation.

Harvey is consuming 1,550 mg of potassium/day. Does this meet the recommendation for daily potassium intake?

No, the recommendation for potassium is 4700 mg/day.

What is the first sign of early or mild osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis does not exhibit outward symptoms

Beta-carotene is a(n)__________ which means__________.

Phytochemical and provitamin; it is found in plants and is converted into a vitamin in the body.

Payton is considering the benefits of a plant-based diet. If Payton becomes a vegan, which of the following would be present in abundance in her diet?

Phytochemicals

Which of the following statements about sodium and potassium is false?

Processed foods are a major source of both sodium and potassium.

Kahil is constantly sick and cannot seem to recover quickly from his illnesses. Recently he found out that he is protein deficient; how could these two things be related?

Proteins help create key immune system proteins. Therefore, protein deficiency causes lowered immune defenses.

Which type of exercise would be the best to help to reduce osteoporosis risk?

Running marathons

Spock desires to pursue a vegan diet, but knows he must pay attention to his protein consumption in order to get an adequate amount of essential amino acids in his diet. What would you suggest that he do?

Since very few plant foods are complete proteins, he should focus on complementary proteins like beans and rice along with planning ahead to assure adequate protein intake each day.

Brita and her husband are trying to become pregnant and want to avoid any chance of birth defects in their child. Which of the following foods would you recommend Brita consume in her diet in order to decrease the risk of birth defects?

Spinach

What would be the best method of cooking food to minimize loss of nutrients?

Steaming broccoli and carrots

Which of the following foods and their associated vitamins would be best for someone who wants to decrease free radicals in their body?

Sunflower seeds, which are high in vitamin E

Which of the following statements is true?

The bones begin to slowly lose density after age 40.

How might rapid and excessive water consumption be fatal?

The excessive water intake causes water to accumulate outside of cells. In an effort to balance the electrolyte concentrations inside and outside of the cells, water will move into the cells. When this happens in the brain, severe cell damage can happen, eventually causing death.

Your friend tells you that she is going to buy a supplement that contains 2,500% of the recommended amount of each of the B vitamins, as it is going to give her energy to make it through finals week. Given what you have learned in class, what should you tell your friend?

The supplement could make someone who takes it feel more energetic only if they are deficient in the B vitamins, as the additional B vitamins will help turn macronutrients into energy.

Mikal has a milkshake as part of his lunch. Of the two main milk proteins that were discussed in class, which is absorbed the fastest?

The whey because it is a fast-acting protein

In order to prove that pellagra was not an infectious disease, Dr. Joseph Goldberger exposed himself to blood and secretions from pellagra patients. Which of the following vitamins was discovered as a result of Dr. Goldberger's work?

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

If Nahdia already takes a calcium supplement daily to reduce her risk of osteoporosis, what other supplements, if any, should be paired with calcium supplementation?

Vitamin D

In response to low blood calcium levels, vitamin D helps to increase blood calcium levels by performing which of the following?

Vitamin D activates osteoclasts, causing calcium to be released from bone and moved into the blood.

How does water move throughout the body?

Water moves by the principle of osmosis, meaning that it follows the movement of electrolytes in the body.

In humans, water is obtained via beverages, food, and metabolic water. What is metabolic water?

Water that is created from metabolic reactions in the body.

Which of the following individuals has increased vitamin C needs?

Wolfwood, a 30-year-old man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day.

When trying to consume adequate iron in the diet it is helpful to:

combine vitamin C-containing foods with non-heme iron to increase its absorption.

The function of myoglobin, which contains _______, is:

iron; transporting oxygen within the muscle.

Iodine plays a role in the production of _____________ and is often added to ____________ in the US.

thyroid hormone; salt