Health Test 1

Consent is implied when a person is unresponsive, confused or mentally impaired, or if the person is a minor with a life-threatening condition and the person's parent or guardian is not present.

Implied Consent

Conscious Chocking Victim

Send someone to call 9-1-1 Lean person forward and give 5 back blows with heel of your hand. Give 5 quick abdominal thrusts by placing the thumbside of your fist against the middle of the victim's abdomen, just above the navel. Grab your fist with the other hand. Repeat until the object the person is choking on is forced out and person breathes or coughs on his or her own.

Direct--> touch blood Indirect--> blood on surface and you touch Airborne--> blood in air from cough/sneeze Vector--> insect

Ways Pathogens can enter the Body (4 Types of Contact)

S= Signs and Symptoms A=Allergies M=Medications P= Pertinent Medical History L= Last food or drink E= Events leading up to the incident

S.A.M.P.L.E (what it stands for)

can help you remember what to ask the person (or bystanders, if necessary) to get a better understanding of the situation and the nature of the person's illness or injury

S.A.M.P.L.E (def)

EMS System (6 Parts)

1.The Citizen Responder 2.The EMS Dispatcher 3.The First Responder 4.The Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) 5.Hospital Care Providers 6.Rehabilitation

Unusual Sounds Unusual Sights Unusual Odors Unusual Behaviors

4 Emergency Indicators

Citizen Responder

A layperson (someone who does not have special or advanced medical training or skill) who recognizes an emergency and decides to act.

Sudden Illness

A physical condition requiring immediate medical attention.

•Tell the person what you are going to do before you begin. •Avoid asking the person to move if you think the person has a head, neck or spinal injury. •Avoid asking the person to move any body part where he or she is experiencing discomfort or pain.

After interviewing the person using the SAMPLE questions as a guide, check the person from head to toe. You should:

S=Signs and Symptoms

Ask the person, "What are you feeling? When did you start feeling this way? Do you have any pain? If so, where is the pain located, what does it feel like and how bad is it?

1.Being uncertain that an emergency actually exist. 2.Assuming that the situation is already under control. 3.Squeamishness related to unpleasant sights, sounds or smells. 4.Being afraid of giving the wrong care or inadvertently causing the person more harm. 5.Fear of catching a disease. 6.Fear of being sued.

Barriers to Action (6)

•Send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and obtain an AED and first aid kit. •Ensure that the person is face-up on a firm, flat surface such as the floor or ground. •Begin CPR (starting with compressions) or use an AED if one is immediately available, if you are trained in giving CPR and using an AED.

CHECKING AN INJURED OR ILL PERSON WHO AN INJURED OR ILL PERSON WHO APPEARS TO BE UNRESPONSIVE (If the person does not respond and is not breathing or is only gasping)

•Send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and obtain an AED and first aid kit. •Proceed with gathering information from bystanders using the SAMPLE questions as a guide .•Conduct a head-to-toe check. •Roll the person onto his or her side into a recovery position if there are no obvious signs of injury .•The recovery position should also be used if a person with an injury begins to vomit or if it is necessary to leave the person alone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number

CHECKING AN INJURED OR ILL PERSON WHO AN INJURED OR ILL PERSON WHO APPEARS TO BE UNRESPONSIVE (If the person responds (for example, by moving, moaning or opening the eyes) and is breathing normally but is not fully)

The head-to-toe check is done in a systematic way, one part of the body at a time, moving straight down the body from head to toe, and then checking the arms: head and neck, shoulders, chest and abdomen, hips, legs and feet, arms and hands.

CHECKING FROM HEAD TO TOE

Call First situations are likely to be cardiac emergencies. When a person is in cardiac arrest, the priority is getting help on the scene as soon as possible because early access to EMS and an AED increases the person's chances for survival. Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number first for:Any person about 12 years or older who is unresponsive. A child or an infant who you saw suddenly collapse. An unresponsive child or infant who is known to have heart problems.

Call First Situation

Care First situations include breathing emergencies and life-threatening bleeding. In these situations, there are immediate actions that you can take at the scene that may prevent the person's condition from worsening. Give immediate care and then call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number for: An unresponsive infant or child younger than 12 years who you did not see collapse.A person who is choking.A person who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and has an epinephrine auto injector. A person who has severe, life-threatening bleeding

Care First Situation

Before rushing to help an injured or ill person, size up the scene and form an initial impression. •Use your senses to gather information that will help you to determine:Whether the scene is safe for you to enter, What happened to cause the emergency, How many people are involved, What condition the person is in, Whether anyone else is available to help. Part of doing the scene size-up is forming an initial impression about what is wrong with the person.

Check

If you determine that an injured or ill person has no immediate life-threatening conditions, you can begin to gather more information that may help you determine what is going on and what first aid care is needed. The mnemonic SAMPLE can help you remember what to ask the person (or bystanders, if necessary) to get a better understanding of the situation and the nature of the person's illness or injury.

Checking a Conscious victim

Check Call Care

Emergency Action Steps (3 C's)

What is the EMS

Emergency Medical Services A network of community resources and medical personnel that provides emergency care to victims of life-threatening injury or sudden illness.

WHERE to find the person needing emergency care. Give the exact location: use an address or nearby landmarks like intersections or buildings that will help the ambulance driver find you. WHO is hurt or sick and WHAT happened. The operator will also need to know the current condition of the victim and if any help is being given.

Making the Call to 911 (Vital Information)

To obtain consent, tell the person who you are, what type and level of training you have, what you think is wrong and what you plan to do. Then ask the person for permission to give care.•When the person in need of care is a minor, obtain consent from his or her parent or guardian if one is present.

Obtaining Consent

CPR Order of operations

Recognize the emergency (tap and shout) Activate EMS (call 9-1-1) Check for breathing Compressions: Provide 30 compressions Airway: Open the victim's airway Breathing: Give 2 breaths Continue till help arrives

•Confusion in a person who is normally alert •Unusual drowsiness •Personality or mood changes (e.g., agitation in a person who is normally calm, irritability in a person who is normally pleasant)

Unusual Behaviors

•A foul or unusually strong chemical odor•The smell of smoke •The smell of gas •An unrecognizable odor •An inappropriate odor (e.g., a sickly sweet odor on a person's breath)

Unusual Odors

•A stopped vehicle on the roadside or a car that has run off of the road Downed electrical wires •Sparks, smoke or fire •A person who suddenly collapses or is lying motionless •Signs or symptoms of illness or injury, such as profuse sweating for no apparent reason or an uncharacteristic skin color

Unusual Sights

•Screaming, moaning, yelling or calls for help •Sudden, loud noises such as breaking glass, crashing metal or screeching tires •A change in the sound made by machinery or equipment •Unusual silence

Unusual Sounds

Pathogen

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Dispatcher

a person whose job is to receive messages and organize the movement of people or vehicles, especially in the emergency services.

First Responder

a person with specialized training who is among the first to arrive and provide assistance at the scene of an emergency,

Emergency

a serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation requiring immediate action. A situation demanding immediate action. This can happen at anytime to anyone.

Hospital Care

healthcare providers who provide medical care as soon as the victim arrives at the emergency department of a medical facility. Comprised of a team of health care professionals, including doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, and other health care professionals.

First Aid

help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available. Immediate care given to a victim of injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be obtained.

Good Samaritan Laws

offer legal protection to people who give reasonable assistance to those who are, or who they believe to be, injured, ill, in peril, or otherwise incapacitated.