Health: Unit 2, Assignment 5

1. the process by which a cell converts nutrients into energy or materials 2. the conversion of nutrients into energy 3. the cell's main source of energy 4. the process by which the cells use nutrients to repair or build new tissues 5. the nutrient that is essential to cellular construction, reproduction, and maintenance 6. amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body and must be derived from food sources 7. food source that contains all the essential amino acids 8. food sources that do not contain all the essential amino acids

1) metabolism 2) catabolism 3) glucose 4) anabolism 5) protein 6) essential amino acids 7) complete protein 8) incomplete proteins

_________ are the body's primary and immediate source of energy. Proteins Carbohydrates Fats

Carbohydrates

_______ is/are used by the body to synthesize Vitamin D, maintain the proper functioning of nerve cells, keep skin soft and supple, and transport fat to cells.

Cholesterol

_______ carbohydrates require a prolonged process of digestion in order to be broken down into glucose, and therefore, help maintain proper blood sugar levels.

Complex

Briefly explain the role of enzymes in digestion.

Enzymes act as a catalyst in digestion, to speed up the process and to help in the break-down of foods.

The best source of water is liquids that contain caffeine. True False

False

The body is less than 20 percent water. True False

False

The body loses approximately 5-6 pints of water a day through sweat, urine, and exhalation. True False

False

_______ are organic acids that aid in the transportation and breakdown of cholesterol.

Fatty acids

________are needed by the body in large amounts in order to maintain good health. Macro-elements Trace elements Sugars

Macro-elements

What are nutrients?

Nutrients are chemical substances that are absorbed by the body through the process of digestion.

_______ fats are found in animal products and some vegetables.

Saturated

_______ carbohydrates do not take long to digest, and therefore, cause blood sugar levels to rise quickly.

Simple

What is the basic difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

The basic difference between water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins is the fact that the excess of water-soluble vitamins will be excreted not stored like fat-soluble vitamins.

What is the scientific definition of nutrition?

The scientific definition of nutrition is the proper supply of nutrients essential for growth, reproduction, repair, immunity, and energy.

List six nutrients that are found in food.

The six essential nutrients are the following: a) carbohydrates, b) protein, c) fat, d) vitamins, e) minerals, and f) water.

Carbohydrates are found in foods that contain starches. True False

True

The body cannot survive more than a couple of days without water. True False

True

Water is the basis of good nutrition because it is essential to all forms of metabolism in the body. True False

True

Explain briefly why vitamins are essential to good health.

Vitamins are essential to good health because they are essential to all cellular activity.

A _______ is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius.

calorie

Excess fat, whether saturated or unsaturated, is stored as _______.

fat

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are dependent upon _______ for their absorption by cells.

fats

During digestion, carbohydrates are converted by enzymes into ________. fats proteins glucose

glucose

There are 13 _________ used by the human body to maintain health. minerals sugars proteins

minerals

Trace elements are needed by the body in _______ amounts.

small